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Xing Z, Han Y, Pang H, Li L, Xia G, Zhu J, Han J, Zang H. Evaluating the Root Extract of Reynoutria ciliinervis (Nakai) Moldenke: An Analysis of Active Constituents, Antioxidant Potential, and Investigation of Hepatoprotective Effects in Rats. Molecules 2024; 29:4701. [PMID: 39407630 PMCID: PMC11478139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29194701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Reynoutria ciliinervis (Nakai) Moldenke (R. ciliinervis) root, a traditional Chinese medicine, was found to exhibit remarkable pharmacological properties through a series of comprehensive investigations. Our study commenced with a qualitative phytochemical analysis that identified 12 bioactive compounds within the plant. Subsequently, utilizing ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, the methanol extract emerged as the optimal solvent extract, which was abundant in diverse classes of compounds such as carbohydrates, phenolics, steroids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and tannins. In vitro antioxidant assays underscored the exceptional free radical scavenging, metal ion chelation, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, singlet oxygen quenching, and β-carotene bleaching capabilities of the methanol extract, significantly outperforming other solvent extracts. Further ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 45 compounds, predominantly anthraquinones and phenolics, in the methanol extract. The extract demonstrated robust stability under various conditions, including high temperatures, varying pH levels, and simulated gastrointestinal digestion as well as efficacy in inhibiting the oxidation in edible oils. Acute toxicity tests in mice confirmed the safety of the methanol extract and provided a valuable dosage reference for future studies. Importantly, high-dose methanol extract exhibited a significant pre-protective effect against D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats, as evidenced by reduced alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, malondialdehyde levels, and elevated catalase and albumin levels. These findings suggest a potential role for the methanol extract of R. ciliinervis root in treating oxidative stress-related disorders, highlighting the plant's immense medicinal potential. Our research offers a thorough evaluation of the bioactive components, antioxidant properties, stability, and liver-protecting effects of the methanol extract, setting the stage for deeper investigation and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xing
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China; (Z.X.); (Y.H.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (L.L.); (G.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yang Han
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China; (Z.X.); (Y.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Hao Pang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China; (Z.X.); (Y.H.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (L.L.); (G.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (L.L.); (G.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Gerplasm Resources of Jilin Province, Tonghua 134002, China
| | - Guangqing Xia
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (L.L.); (G.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Gerplasm Resources of Jilin Province, Tonghua 134002, China
| | - Junyi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (L.L.); (G.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Gerplasm Resources of Jilin Province, Tonghua 134002, China
| | - Jing Han
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China; (Z.X.); (Y.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Hao Zang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China; (Z.X.); (Y.H.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (L.L.); (G.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Gerplasm Resources of Jilin Province, Tonghua 134002, China
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Dabbousy R, Rima M, Roufayel R, Rahal M, Legros C, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z. Plant Metabolomics: The Future of Anticancer Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1307. [PMID: 39458949 DOI: 10.3390/ph17101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug development from medicinal plants constitutes an important strategy for finding natural anticancer therapies. While several plant secondary metabolites with potential antitumor activities have been identified, well-defined mechanisms of action remained uncovered. In fact, studies of medicinal plants have often focused on the genome, transcriptome, and proteome, dismissing the relevance of the metabolome for discovering effective plant-based drugs. Metabolomics has gained huge interest in cancer research as it facilitates the identification of potential anticancer metabolites and uncovers the metabolomic alterations that occur in cancer cells in response to treatment. This holds great promise for investigating the mode of action of target metabolites. Although metabolomics has made significant contributions to drug discovery, research in this area is still ongoing. In this review, we emphasize the significance of plant metabolomics in anticancer research, which continues to be a potential technique for the development of anticancer drugs in spite of all the challenges encountered. As well, we provide insights into the essential elements required for performing effective metabolomics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranin Dabbousy
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Department of Cell Culture, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Rima
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 146404, Lebanon
| | - Christian Legros
- INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, Faculty of Medicine, University Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Department of Cell Culture, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
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Ahmed Z, Ikram M, Khan I, Bashir K, Shah AJ, Hussain Z, Khan T. LC-ESI-MS/MS-based molecular networking, antioxidant, anti-glioma activity and molecular docking studies of Clematis graveolens. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:111. [PMID: 39054477 PMCID: PMC11271027 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Clematis graveolens Lindl., an indigenous climbing plant found in the Himalayan areas, is used by local communities for the treatment of neck tumors. The objective of this work is to examine the comprehensive metabolomic profile, antioxidant capability, in vitro and in silico anti-glioma effects on U-87 human glioma cell lines of the crude extract and fractions from C. graveolens. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) was used to establish detailed metabolite profiling of C. graveolens. The assessment of cell cytotoxicity was conducted using MTT cell viability assay on U-87 and BHK-21. Through molecular docking studies, the mode of inhibition and binding interaction between identified compounds and target proteins were also determined to evaluate the in vitro results. The use of LC-MS/MS-based global natural products social (GNPS) molecular networking analysis resulted in the identification of 27 compounds. The crude extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and chloroform fraction exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the U-87 cell lines, with IC50 values of 112.0, 138.1, and 142.7 µg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited significant inhibitory concentration for 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity and the metal chelation activity with IC50 value of 39.50 µg/mL, 32.27 µg/mL, and 53.46 µg/mL, respectively. The crude extract showed maximum total phenolic, and total flavonoid concentration measuring 338.7 µg GAE/mg, and 177.04 µg QE/mg, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that C. graveolens consists of a diverse range of active phytoconstituents that possess antioxidant and anti-glioma properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, 22060, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, 22060, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, 25000, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Texas A&M Health Science Centre, Joe H. Reynolds Medical Build 159, College Station, 77843, Texas, USA
| | - Kashif Bashir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, 22600, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, 22060, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, 22060, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan
| | - Taous Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, 22060, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan.
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Yin Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Qi A, Song J, Xu L, Yang W, Jiao L. Predicting the mechanism of action of YQYYJD prescription in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer using transcriptomics analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117984. [PMID: 38428661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The efficacy of the herbal formula Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu (YQYYJD) in the treatment of advanced lung cancer has been reported in clinical trials. However, the key anti-lung cancer herbs and molecular mechanisms underlying its inhibition of lung cancer are not well-understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify the key anti-lung cancer herbs in the YQYYJD formula and investigate their therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of action in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using transcriptomics and bioinformatics techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) subcutaneous inhibitory tumor model was established with 6 mice in each group. Mice were treated with the YQYYJD split formula: Yiqi Formula (YQ), Yangyin Formula (YY), and Ruanjian Jiedu Formula (RJJD) for 14 days. The tumor volume and mouse weight were recorded, and the status of tumor occurrence was further observed by taking photos. The tumor was stained with hematoxylin-eosin to observe its histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 and the apoptotic marker Caspase-3 in tumor tissues. Flow cytometry was used to detect the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the spleen and tumor tissues. The differential genes of key drugs against tumors were obtained by transcriptome sequencing of tumors. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on differential genes to obtain pathways and biological processes where targets were aggregated. TIMER2.0 and TISIDB databases were used to evaluate the impact of drugs on immune cell infiltration and immune-related genes. The binding activity of the key targets and compounds was verified by molecular docking. RESULTS YQ, YY, and RJJD inhibited the growth of subcutaneous transplanted tumors in LLC mice to varying degrees and achieved antitumor effects by inhibiting the expression of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis-related proteins. Among the three disassembled prescriptions, YQ better inhibited the growth of subcutaneous transplanted tumors in LLC mice, significantly promoted tumor necrosis, significantly increased the expression of Caspase-3 protein in tumor tissue, and significantly decreased the expression of Ki-67 (P < 0.05), thereby increasing the infiltration of CD8+ T cells. YQ significantly increased the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor and splenic tissues of tumor-bearing mice and up-regulated the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics results showed that after YQ intervention, differentially expressed genes were enriched in more than one tumor-related pathway and multiple immune regulation-related biological functions. There were 12 key immune-related target genes. CONCLUSION YQ was the key disassembled prescription of YQYYJD, exerting significant antitumor effects and immune regulation effects on NSCLC. It may have relieved T cell exhaustion and regulated the immune microenvironment to exert antitumor effects by changing lung cancer-related targets, pathways, and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Yin
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jing'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Qi
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Song
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Translational Cancer Research for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiao Yang
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lijing Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Yue Yang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Translational Cancer Research for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Aloufi AS, Habotta OA, Abdelfattah MS, Habib MN, Omran MM, Ali SA, Abdel Moneim AE, Korany SM, Alrajhi AM. Resistomycin Suppresses Prostate Cancer Cell Growth by Instigating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle Arrest. Molecules 2023; 28:7871. [PMID: 38067602 PMCID: PMC10708360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer is among the most threatening and leading causes of death in men. This study, therefore, aimed to search for an ideal antitumor strategy with high efficacy, low drug resistance, and no or few adverse effects. Resistomycin is a natural antibiotic derived from marine actinomycetes, and it possesses various biological activities. Prostate cancer cells (PC3) were treated with resistomycin (IC12.5: 0.65 or IC25: 1.3 µg/mL) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; IC25: 7 µg/mL) for 24 h. MTT assay and flow cytometry were utilized to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Oxidative stress, apoptotic-related markers, and cell cycle were also assessed. The results revealed that the IC50 of resistomycin and 5-FU on PC3 cells were 2.63 µg/mL and 14.44 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, treated cells with the high dose of resistomycin showed an increased number of apoptotic cells compared to those treated with the lower dose. Remarkable induction of reactive oxygen species generation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage with high malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl protein (CP), and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) contents were observed in resistomycin-treated cells. In addition, marked declines in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in PC3 cells subjected to resistomycin therapy were observed. Resistomycin triggered observable cell apoptosis by increasing Bax, caspase-3, and cytosolic cytochrome c levels and decreasing Bcl-2 levels. In addition, notable downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 was observed in resistomycin-treated cancerous cells. According to this evaluation, the antitumor potential of resistomycin, in a concentration-dependent manner, in prostate cancer cells was achieved by triggering oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. In conclusion, our investigation suggests that resistomycin can be considered a starting point for developing new chemotherapeutic agents for human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer S. Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (S.M.K.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Ola A. Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed S. Abdelfattah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.S.A.); (M.N.H.)
| | - Marina N. Habib
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.S.A.); (M.N.H.)
| | - Mohamed M. Omran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.S.A.); (M.N.H.)
| | - Sally A. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Shereen M. Korany
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (S.M.K.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Aisha M. Alrajhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (S.M.K.); (A.M.A.)
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Swainson NM, Pengoan T, Khonsap R, Meksangsee P, Hagn G, Gerner C, Aramrak A. In vitro inhibitory effects on free radicals, pigmentation, and skin cancer cell proliferation from Dendrobium hybrid extract: A new plant source of active compounds. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20197. [PMID: 37809523 PMCID: PMC10559953 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchidaceae are diverse plants whose bioactive compounds have various biological activities. New hybrids of Dendrobium have been generated to gain characteristics shared with their ancestors. Dendrobium Pearl Vera (designated as DH) is derived from parents used for dermatological treatments and cosmetics. However, the phytoconstituents and biological properties of DH have not been reported. The current study investigated extracts from DH plants using four solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, or 2-propanol). The propanolic extract (DH-P) contained the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, along with a high scavenging performance for free radicals. In total, 25 tentative constituents in the DH-P matrix were identified, consisting of amino acids, nucleotides, and three types of secondary metabolites: furan, phenolics, and alkaloids. The DH-P inhibited human tyrosinase in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner of the phenolic content. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between DH-P with 10 μg/ml phenolic content and 0.75 mM kojic acid (a commercial whitening agent) on the inhibition of human tyrosinase. Incubation with DH-P containing at least 15 μg/ml phenolic content greatly inhibited the proliferation of human melanoma; however, the cell viability was not affected by the phenolic content at 5 μg/ml or less. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the phenolic content in DH-P on melanoma viability was 12.90 ± 1.04 μg/ml. Melanin production in vivo by human melanoma incubated with 5 μg/ml phenolic content in DH-P was reduced significantly, compared to 2.5 μg/ml phenolic content in DH-P, 100 μg/ml arbutin, and in control. The identified components, including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, acetophenone, cytidine, adenosine, proline, or valine, have been reported to be associated with depigmentation, antioxidant, and anticancer. This research revealed, for the first time, the tentative phytoconstituents of Dendrobium Pearl Vera and their biological activities, thus demonstrating the potential use of DH-P in dermal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanyawan Pengoan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand
| | - Rungpailin Khonsap
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand
| | | | - Gerhard Hagn
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Attawan Aramrak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand
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Wang Y, Sun H, He X, Chen M, Zang H, Liu X, Piao H. Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Enzyme-Inhibitory Activities, and Multivariate Analysis of Insect Gall Extracts of Picea koraiensis Nakai. Molecules 2023; 28:6021. [PMID: 37630273 PMCID: PMC10459859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Picea koraiensis Nakai (PK) is an evergreen tree. It plays an important role in landscaping and road greening. Insect galls of PK are formed by parasitism of the adelgid Adelges laricis. Except for phenolics, other chemical constituents and biological activity of insect gall from PK are still unknown. Thus, here, we performed phytochemical and biological activity analyses of PK insect gall extracts, aiming to turn waste into treasure and serve human health. PK insect gall extracts were prepared using seven solvents. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were examined via antioxidant assays (radical and oxidizing substance quenching, metal chelating, and reducing power). The inhibitory activities of the extracts were determined toward the key human-disease-related enzymes α-glucosidase, α-amylase, cholinesterase, tyrosinase, urease, and xanthine oxidase. The content of numerous active constituents was high in the methanol and ethanol extracts of PK insect gall, and these extracts had the highest antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities. They also showed excellent stability and low toxicity. These extracts have potential for use as stabilizers of olive and sunflower seed oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
- Tonghua Health School, Tonghua 134000, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China
| | - Xu He
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China
| | - Meihua Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China
| | - Hao Zang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China
| | - Xuekun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China
| | - Huri Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
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