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Masiala A, Vingadassalon A, Aurore G. Polyphenols in edible plant leaves: an overview of their occurrence and health properties. Food Funct 2024; 15:6847-6882. [PMID: 38853513 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Edible plant leaves (EPLs) constitute a major renewable functional plant biomass available all year round, providing an essential source of polyphenols in the global diet. Polyphenols form a large family of antioxidant molecules. They protect against the harmful effects of free radicals, strengthen immunity and stimulate the body's natural defenses thanks to their antibacterial and antiviral functions. This study refers to phenolic compounds from 50 edible plant leaves divided into four categories: green leafy vegetables, underutilized leafy vegetables, leafy spices and leafy drinks. It provides data on the identification, occurrence and pharmacological functions of polyphenols contained in EPLs, and provides a better understanding of trends and gaps in their consumption and study. Certain EPLs, such as moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and several leafy spices of the Lamiaceae family, reveal important characteristics and therapeutic potential. The polyphenol composition of EPLs makes them functional plants that offer relevant solutions in the fight against obesity, the management of food insecurity and the prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Masiala
- Université des Antilles, COVACHIM M2E (EA 3592), UFR SEN, Campus de Fouillole, F-97 110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
| | - Audrey Vingadassalon
- Université des Antilles, COVACHIM M2E (EA 3592), UFR SEN, Campus de Fouillole, F-97 110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
| | - Guylène Aurore
- Université des Antilles, COVACHIM M2E (EA 3592), UFR SEN, Campus de Fouillole, F-97 110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
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Michalak-Tomczyk M, Rymuszka A, Kukula-Koch W, Szwajgier D, Baranowska-Wójcik E, Jachuła J, Welman-Styk A, Kędzierska K. Studies on the Effects of Fermentation on the Phenolic Profile and Biological Activity of Three Cultivars of Kale. Molecules 2024; 29:1727. [PMID: 38675547 PMCID: PMC11052505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is used not only to preserve food but also to enhance its beneficial effects on human health and achieve functional foods. This study aimed to investigate how different treatments (spontaneous fermentation or fermentation with the use of starter culture) affect phenolic content, antioxidant potential, and cholinesterase inhibitory activity in different kale cultivars: 'Halbhoner Grüner Krauser', 'Scarlet', and 'Nero di Toscana'. Chosen samples were further tested for their protective potential against the Caco-2 cell line. HPLC-MS analysis revealed that the fermentation affected the composition of polyphenolic compounds, leading to an increase in the content of rutin, kaempferol, sinapinic, and protocatechuic acids. In general, kale cultivars demonstrated various antioxidant activities, and fermentation led to an increase in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Fermentation boosted anti-cholinesterase activity most profoundly in 'Nero di Toscana'. Extracts of spontaneously fermented 'Scarlet' (SS) and 'Nero di Toscana' (NTS) showed cytoprotective properties, as revealed by the malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) assays. Additionally, strong anti-inflammatory activity of NTS was shown by decreased release of cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Collectively, the conducted studies suggest fermented kale cultivars as a potential source for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Michalak-Tomczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1I Street, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (A.W.-S.); (K.K.)
| | - Anna Rymuszka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1I Street, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (A.W.-S.); (K.K.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (E.B.-W.)
| | - Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (E.B.-W.)
| | - Jacek Jachuła
- Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Welman-Styk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1I Street, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (A.W.-S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kinga Kędzierska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1I Street, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (A.W.-S.); (K.K.)
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Kim HJ, Jin BR, Lee CD, Kim D, Lee AY, Lee S, An HJ. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Chestnut Honey and Cabbage Mixtures Alleviates Gastric Mucosal Damage. Nutrients 2024; 16:389. [PMID: 38337674 PMCID: PMC10857084 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastritis, one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, damages the stomach lining as it causes a disproportion between the protective and ruinous factors of the gastric system. Cabbage (CB) is widely used to treat gastric lesions but requires the addition of natural sweeteners to counteract its distinct bitter taste. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether the combination of chestnut honey (CH)-which is known for its dark brown color and high kynurenic acid (KA) content-or KA-increased CH (KACH) with CB (CH + CB or KACH + CB) exerts synergistic effects for improving both taste and efficacy. Before confirming the gastroprotective effects in indomethacin (INDO)-induced rats, the anti-inflammatory activities of CH + CB and KACH + CB were assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. As a result, treatment with either CH + CB or KACH + CB downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by regulating the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B. Furthermore, both CH + CB and KACH + CB not only enhanced the levels of antioxidant enzymes but also triggered the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2. Based on these effects, CH + CB or KACH + CB effectively protected the gastric mucosa in INDO-induced rats. Therefore, this study suggests that CH + CB and KACH + CB exert stronger gastroprotective effects when used together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (B.-R.J.)
| | - Bo-Ram Jin
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (B.-R.J.)
| | - Chang-Dae Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea;
| | - Doyun Kim
- KEDEM Inc., Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (B.-R.J.)
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Lee S, Park CH, Kim JK, Ahn K, Kwon H, Kim JK, Park SU, Yeo HJ. LED Lights Influenced Phytochemical Contents and Biological Activities in Kale ( Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) Microgreens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1686. [PMID: 37759989 PMCID: PMC10525181 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are regarded as an effective artificial light source for producing sprouts, microgreens, and baby leaves. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the influence of different LED lights (white, red, and blue) on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (glucosinolates, carotenoids, and phenolics) and the biological effects on kale microgreens. Microgreens irradiated with white LEDs showed higher levels of carotenoids, including lutein, 13-cis-β-carotene, α-carotene, β-carotene, and 9-cis-β-carotene, than those irradiated with red or blue LEDs. These findings were consistent with higher expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes (BoPDS and BoZDS) in white-irradiated kale microgreens. Similarly, microgreens irradiated with white and blue LEDs showed slightly higher levels of glucosinolates, including glucoiberin, progoitrin, sinigrin, and glucobrassicanapin, than those irradiated with red LEDs. These results agree with the high expression levels of BoMYB28-2, BoMYB28-3, and BoMYB29 in white- and blue-irradiated kale microgreens. In contrast, kale microgreens irradiated with blue LEDs contained higher levels of phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and quercetin). According to the total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition assays, the extracts of kale microgreens irradiated with blue LEDs had slightly higher antioxidant activities, and the DPPH inhibition percentage had a positive correlation with TPC in the microgreens. Furthermore, the extracts of kale microgreens irradiated with blue LEDs exhibited stronger antibacterial properties against normal pathogens and multidrug-resistant pathogens than those irradiated with white and red LEDs. These results indicate that white-LED lights are suitable for carotenoid production, whereas blue-LED lights are efficient in increasing the accumulation of phenolics and their biological activities in kale microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seom Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Ahn
- Department of Statistics, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejin Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
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Essono Mintsa M, Kumulungui BS, Obiang CS, Dussert E, Choque E, Herfurth D, Ravallec R, Ondo JP, Mesnard F. Cytotoxicity and Identification of Antibacterial Compounds from Baillonella toxisperma Bark Using a LC-MS/MS and Molecular Networking Approach. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050599. [PMID: 37233640 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Baillonella toxisperma is a medicinal plant used in northern Gabon to treat microbial diseases. It is a plant well-known by local populations, but very few studies have focused on the molecules responsible for the antibacterial activities of B. toxisperma. This study proposes a dereplication strategy based on molecular networking generated from HPLC-ESI-Q/TOF data, allowing investigation of the molecules responsible for the antibacterial activity of B. toxisperma. From this strategy, eighteen compounds were putatively identified. All of these compounds belonged mainly to five families of natural compounds, including phenylpropanolamines, stilbenes, flavonoids, lignans and phenolic glycosides. The chemical study carried out from the bark of B. toxisperma allowed us to identify, for the first time, compounds such as resveratrol and derivatives, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate. In addition, antibacterial activity (diffusion method and microdilution) and cytotoxicity (Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8 Assay)) in vitro were evaluated. The crude ethanolic extract, as well as the fractions of B. toxisperma, showed significant antibacterial activity. However, the ethanolic fractions F2 and F4 presented high antibacterial activity compared to the crude extract. Cytotoxicity studies on colon-cancer cells (Caco-2) and human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) showed moderate cytotoxicity in both cell types. This study clearly shows the therapeutic potential of the ethanolic extract of the bark of B. toxisperma and provides information on the phytochemical composition and bioactive compounds of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morel Essono Mintsa
- UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, BIOPI, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville P.O. Box 769, Gabon
- Laboratoire Innovation Matériau Bois Habitat (LIMBHA), Ecole Supérieure du Bois, 7 Rue Christian Pauc, 44306 Nantes, France
| | - Brice Serge Kumulungui
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville P.O. Box 769, Gabon
| | - Cédric Sima Obiang
- Laboratoire de Recherches en Biochimie (LAREBIO), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville P.O. Box 943, Gabon
| | - Elodie Dussert
- UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Institut Charles Violette, Université de Lille, 59655 Lille, France
| | - Elodie Choque
- UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, BIOPI, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Damien Herfurth
- UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, BIOPI, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Rozenn Ravallec
- UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Institut Charles Violette, Université de Lille, 59655 Lille, France
| | - Joseph-Privat Ondo
- Laboratoire de Recherches en Biochimie (LAREBIO), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville P.O. Box 943, Gabon
| | - François Mesnard
- UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, BIOPI, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France
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