1
|
Jarak I, Ramos S, Caldeira B, Domingues C, Veiga F, Figueiras A. The Many Faces of Cyclodextrins within Self-Assembling Polymer Nanovehicles: From Inclusion Complexes to Valuable Structural and Functional Elements. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9516. [PMID: 39273469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Most chemotherapeutic agents are poorly soluble in water, have low selectivity, and cannot reach the tumor in the desired therapeutic concentration. On the other hand, sensitive hydrophilic therapeutics like nucleic acids and proteins suffer from poor bioavailability and cell internalization. To solve this problem, new types of controlled release systems based on nano-sized self-assemblies of cyclodextrins able to control the speed, timing, and location of therapeutic release are being developed. Cyclodextrins are macrocyclic oligosaccharides characterized by a high synthetic plasticity and potential for derivatization. Introduction of new hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic domains and/or formation of nano-assemblies with therapeutic load extends the use of CDs beyond the tried-and-tested CD-drug host-guest inclusion complexes. The recent advances in nano drug delivery have indicated the benefits of the hybrid amphiphilic CD nanosystems over individual CD and polymer components. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent advances in the design of CDs self-assemblies and their use for delivery of a wide range of therapeutic molecules. It aims to offer a valuable insight into the many roles of CDs within this class of drug nanocarriers as well as current challenges and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jarak
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Ramos
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Caldeira
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Domingues
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang S, Tamura A, Yui N. Supramolecular nanoarchitectonics of propionylated polyrotaxanes with bulky nitrobenzyl stoppers for light-triggered drug release. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3798-3806. [PMID: 38274164 PMCID: PMC10809058 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00213j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD)-based polyrotaxanes (PRXs) are supramolecular polymers comprising multiple CDs mechanically interlocked onto a linear polymer chain by capping the polymer ends with bulky stoppers. Among various PRX derivatives, propionylated PRXs (Pr-PRXs) composed of propionylated α-CD and high molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) form self-assembled nanoparticles in aqueous solution through hydrophobic interactions. Although Pr-PRX nanoparticles can encapsulate hydrophobic drugs in their hydrophobic domains, their release rate is limited. To improve the efficiency of drug release from Pr-PRX nanoparticles, ultraviolet (UV) light-dissociable Pr-PRXs were designed using 4,5-dimethoxy 2-nitrobenzyl groups as UV-cleavable bulky stopper molecules to facilitate UV-induced drug release. Photodegradable Pr-PRX (Pr-PD-PRX) was synthesized, and its UV-induced dissociation was examined. Pr-PD-PRX was completely dissociated via UV irradiation (365 nm) for 30 min. Additionally, Pr-PD-PRX nanoparticles encapsulating hydrophobic drugs collapsed upon UV irradiation, which promoted the release of the encapsulated drugs compared to non-degradable Pr-PRX nanoparticles. UV irradiation of drug-loaded Pr-PD-PRX nanoparticles resulted in higher cytotoxicity than non-irradiated Pr-PD-PRX and non-degradable Pr-PRX. Consequently, designing photodegradable PRX-based nanoparticles provides new insights into developing photoresponsive drug carriers and smart biomedical materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Zhang
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| |
Collapse
|