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Jang E, Yu H, Kim E, Hwang J, Yoo J, Choi J, Jeong HS, Jang S. The Therapeutic Effects of Blueberry-Treated Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6362. [PMID: 38928069 PMCID: PMC11203670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An ischemic stroke, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, is caused by ischemia and hemorrhage resulting in impeded blood supply to the brain. According to many studies, blueberries have been shown to have a therapeutic effect in a variety of diseases. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether blueberry-treated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (B-EVs) have therapeutic effects in in vitro and in vivo stroke models. We isolated the extracellular vesicles using cryo-TEM and characterized the particles and concentrations using NTA. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (A-EVs) and B-EVs were round with a lipid bilayer structure and a diameter of ~150 nm. In addition, A-EVs and B-EVs were shown to affect angiogenesis, cell cycle, differentiation, DNA repair, inflammation, and neurogenesis following KEGG pathway and GO analyses. We investigated the protective effects of A-EVs and B-EVs against neuronal cell death in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cells and a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) animal model. The results showed that the cell viability was increased with EV treatment in HT22 cells. In the animal, the size of the cerebral infarction was decreased, and the behavioral assessment was improved with EV injections. The levels of NeuN and neurofilament heavy chain (NFH)-positive cells were also increased with EV treatment yet decreased in the MCAo group. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells was decreased with EV treatment compared with ischemic animals following TUNEL and Bax/Bcl-2 staining. These data suggested that EVs, especially B-EVs, had a therapeutic effect and could reduce apoptotic cell death after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjae Jang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Hwasun-gun 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yu
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Hwasun-gun 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungpil Kim
- Infrastructure Project Organization for Global Industrialization of Vaccine, Sejong-si 30121, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jinsu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Jin Yoo
- Department of Physical Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jiyun Choi
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Han-Seong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Sujeong Jang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
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Jiang B, Zhang W, Zhang X, Sun Y. Targeting senescent cells to reshape the tumor microenvironment and improve anticancer efficacy. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 101:58-73. [PMID: 38810814 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is daunting pathology with remarkable breadth and scope, spanning genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metalobomics and cell biology. Cellular senescence represents a stress-induced and essentially irreversible cell fate associated with aging and various age-related diseases, including malignancies. Senescent cells are characterized of morphologic alterations and metabolic reprogramming, and develop a highly active secretome termed as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Since the first discovery, senescence has been understood as an important barrier to tumor progression, as its induction in pre-neoplastic cells limits carcinogenesis. Paradoxically, senescent cells arising in the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to tumor progression, including augmented therapeutic resistance. In this article, we define typical forms of senescent cells commonly observed within the TME and how senescent cells functionally remodel their surrounding niche, affect immune responses and promote cancer evolution. Furthermore, we highlight the recently emerging pipelines of senotherapies particularly senolytics, which can selectively deplete senescent cells from affected organs in vivo and impede tumor progression by restoring therapeutic responses and securing anticancer efficacies. Together, co-targeting cancer cells and their normal but senescent counterparts in the TME holds the potential to achieve increased therapeutic benefits and restrained disease relapse in future clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Mengniu Institute of Nutrition Science, Global R&D Innovation Center, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Godyla-Jabłoński M, Raczkowska E, Jodkowska A, Kucharska AZ, Sozański T, Bronkowska M. Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome-A Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1103. [PMID: 38674794 PMCID: PMC11054851 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant health problem. The co-occurrence of obesity, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidaemia is estimated to affect 20-30% of adults worldwide. Researchers are seeking solutions to prevent and treat the conditions related to MetS. Preventive medicine, which focuses on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet, plays a special role. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has documented health benefits, mainly due to the polyphenolic compounds it contains. Anthocyanins represent a major group of polyphenols; they exhibit anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, as well as beneficial effects on endothelial function and oxidative stress. This review presents recent reports on the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of anthocyanins on the body, especially among people with MetS. It includes epidemiological data, in vivo and in vitro preclinical studies and clinical observational studies. Anthocyanins are effective, widely available compounds that can be used in both the prevention and treatment of MetS and its complications. Increased consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods may contribute to the maintenance of normal body weight and modulation of the lipid profile in adults. However, further investigation is needed to confirm the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on serum glucose levels, improvement in insulin sensitivity and reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Godyla-Jabłoński
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Raczkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Jodkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Alicja Zofia Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences—Collegium Salutis Humanae, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland;
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Alsharairi NA. A Review with a Focus on Vaccinium-Berries-Derived Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Reproductive Cancers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1047. [PMID: 38611574 PMCID: PMC11013621 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancers of the reproductive organs, including prostate, bladder, ovarian, and cervical cancers, are considered the most common causes of death in both sexes worldwide. The genus Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) comprises fleshy berry crop species, including cranberries, blueberries, lingonberries, bilberries, and bog bilberries, and are widely distributed in many countries. Flavonols, anthocyanins (ACNs), proanthocyanidins (PACs), and phenolic acids are the most bioactive compounds naturally found in Vaccinium berries and have been extensively used as anticancer agents. However, it remains uncertain whether Vaccinium bioactives have a therapeutic role in reproductive cancers (RCs), and how these bioactives could be effective in modulating RC-related signalling pathways/molecular genes. Therefore, this article aims to review existing evidence in the PubMed/MEDLINE database on Vaccinium berries' major bioactive compounds in RC treatment and unravel the mechanisms underlying this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind and Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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Liu L, Du J, Fan H, Yu Y, Luo Y, Gu F, Yu H, Liao X. Blueberry anthocyanins improve liver fibrosis by regulating NCOA4 ubiquitination through TRIM7 to affect ferroptosis of hepatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G426-G437. [PMID: 38290991 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00227.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of anthocyanin in improving liver fibrosis through ferroptosis, providing a basis for drug development and targeted therapy. In this study, a mouse model of liver fibrosis was established using CCl4, and the anthocyanin treatment groups were administered 100 mg/kg anthocyanin daily via gavage. Furthermore, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting (WB), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to assess liver fibrosis indicators and liver injury markers. Histopathological methods were used to confirm the morphology of liver injury in different treatment groups. The effects of anthocyanins on ferroptosis markers, NCOA4 and FTH1 expression, were examined through qRT-PCR, WB, and Co-IP. Confocal microscopy was used to validate the colocalization of ferritin and lysosomes. A differential expression model of TRIM7 was constructed to verify its impact on the progression of liver fibrosis. The present study demonstrates the hepatoprotective effects of anthocyanins in liver fibrosis, highlighting their ability to enhance hepatic stellate cell (HSC) ferroptosis and regulate ferritin autophagy. Moreover, TRIM7 is identified as a key mediator of anthocyanin-induced regulation of hepatic stellate cells activation for liver fibrosis treatment through modulation of ferroautophagy. Mechanistic investigations further reveal that TRIM7 exerts its influence on the process of ferroautophagy by controlling NCOA4 ubiquitination. Our study discovered that anthocyanins could improve liver fibrosis by regulating NCOA4 ubiquitination through TRIM7, thereby affecting hepatic stellate cells' ferroptosis levels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This was the first study to demonstrate that anthocyanins can improve the progression of liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cell (HSC) ferroptosis. Anthocyanins could affect the content of Fe2+ by promoting ferroautophagy in HSCs, thereby promoting the level of ferroptosis. This study demonstrates for the first time that anthocyanins can inhibit the expression of TRIM7 and then affect the ubiquitination of NCOA4 to regulate the level of ferritin autophagy and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Du
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqing Fan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Luo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Gu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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Alsharairi NA. Experimental Studies on the Therapeutic Potential of Vaccinium Berries in Breast Cancer-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:153. [PMID: 38256707 PMCID: PMC10818444 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the largest contributor to cancer deaths in women worldwide. Various parts of plants, including fruits, are known for their therapeutic properties and are used in traditional medicine. Fruit species exhibit anticancer activities due to the presence of bioactive natural compounds such as flavonoids and carotenoids. The Vaccinium spp. are fleshy berry-like drupes and are rich in bioactive compounds, with flavonols, flavanols, chalcones, and phenolic acids as the major groups of compounds. While there is clear evidence linking Vaccinium berries with a decreased risk of BC both in in vivo and in vitro experiments, the exact mechanisms involved in the protective effects of Vaccinium spp. rich extracts on BC cells are not fully understood. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight the mechanisms of action involved in the therapeutic potential of Vaccinium berries against BC in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind and Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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Wang J, Zhao F, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W, Zhang C. Ellagic Acid from Hull Blackberries: Extraction, Purification, and Potential Anticancer Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15228. [PMID: 37894909 PMCID: PMC10607623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is present at relatively high concentrations in many berries and has many beneficial health effects, including anticancer properties. To improve the development and utilization of blackberry fruit nutrients, we divided Hull blackberry fruits into five growth periods according to color and determined the EA content in the fruits in each period. The EA content in the green fruit stage was the highest at 5.67 mg/g FW. Single-factor tests and response surface methodology were used to optimize the extraction process, while macroporous resin adsorption and alkali dissolution, acid precipitation, and solvent recrystallization were used for purification. The highest purity of the final EA powder was 90%. The anticancer assessment results determined by MTT assay showed that EA inhibited HeLa cells with an IC50 of 35 μg/mL, and the apoptosis rate of the cells increased in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest rate of about 67%. We evaluated the changes in the mRNA levels of genes related to the EA-mediated inhibition of cancer cell growth and initially verified the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway as the pathway by which EA inhibits HeLa cell growth. We hope to provide a theoretical basis for the deep exploration and utilization of this functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (F.Z.); (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Fengyi Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (F.Z.); (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (F.Z.); (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (F.Z.); (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (F.Z.); (W.W.); (L.L.)
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Zhao F, Du L, Wang J, Liu H, Zhao H, Lyu L, Wang W, Wu W, Li W. Polyphenols from Prunus mume: extraction, purification, and anticancer activity. Food Funct 2023; 14:4380-4391. [PMID: 37092717 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01211e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Prunus mume is an ancient medicinal herb and food that are commonly used in Asian countries with high nutritional ingredients and biological activities. Polyphenols are important functional components in Prunus mume. To obtain a more efficient extraction process of Prunus mume polyphenols, a single-factor test and response surface method were used. After extraction and purification, the final polyphenol content of Prunus mume (L1) was up to 90%. Biological experiments showed that L1 had high anticancer activity against HeLa (125.28 μg mL-1), HepG2 (117.24 μg mL-1), MCF-7 (170.19 μg mL-1), and A549 (121.78 μg mL-1) in vitro by MTT assay. The combination of DDP and DOX significantly enhanced the anticancer activity of the four cell lines, especially L1-DOX had the smallest IC50 value of 0.04 μg mL-1 against HepG2 cells, indicating the combination of drugs had synergistic effects. It is further demonstrated that L1 could inhibit cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis with ROS detection and confocal fluorescence images. The relative tumor proliferation rate (T/C) was 40.6%, and the tumor inhibition rate was 57.9%, indicating L1 to have no significant toxicity but high anti-HepG2 activity in vivo. Although the study is very limited, it is anticipated to provide a reference for further exploration of the functionality of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Zhao
- Fruit Research Center, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Lanlan Du
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Jialuan Wang
- Fruit Research Center, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Fruit Research Center, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Huifang Zhao
- Fruit Research Center, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Fruit Research Center, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Weifan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Fruit Research Center, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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