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Zhou T, Wang H, Han Q, Song Z, Yu D, Li G, Liu W, Dong C, Ge S, Chen X. Fabrication and characterization of an alginate-based film incorporated with cinnamaldehyde for fruit preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133398. [PMID: 38917925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Sodium alginate (SA) is widely used in the food, biomedical, and chemical industries due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and excellent film-forming properties. This article introduces a simple method for preparing uniform alginate-based packaging materials with exceptional properties for fruit preservation. The alginate was uniformly crosslinked by gradually releasing calcium ions triggered by the sustained hydrolysis of gluconolactone (GDL). A cinnamaldehyde (CA) emulsion, stabilized by xanthan without the use of traditional surfactants, was tightly incorporated into the alginate film to enhance its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and UV shielding properties. The alginate-based film effectively blocked ultraviolet rays in the range of 400-200 nm, while allowing for a visible light transmittance of up to 70 %. Additionally, it showed an increased water contact angle and decreased water vapor permeability. The alginate-based film was also employed in the preparation of coated paper through the commonly used coating process in the papermaking industry. The alginate-based material displayed excellent antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Botrytis cinerea, successfully extending the shelf life of strawberries to 7 days at room temperature. This low-cost and facile method has the potential to drive advancements in the food and biomedical fields by tightly incorporating active oil onto a wide range of biomacromolecule substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Qian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhaoping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Huatai Paper Co., Ltd., Shandong Yellow Triangle Biotechnology Industry Research Institute Co. LTD, Dongying 257335, China.
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Cuihua Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of High Yield Clean Pulping and Special Cultural Paper, Liaocheng 252000, China
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2
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Long W, Lin Y, Lv C, Dong J, Lv M, Lou X. High-compatibility properties of Aronia melanocarpa extracts cross-linked chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite film for intelligent food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132305. [PMID: 38740148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Although the active and intelligent properties of rich in anthocyanin extracts added to films have been extensively studied, there remains a sparsity of research pertaining to the miscibility of blended films. This work focused on the miscibility of the chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CP) film caused by the addition of Aronia melanocarpa extracts (AME), which are rich anthocyanins and phenolic acids, and its effect on physicochemical and functional properties. AME facilitated the amidation reaction and ionic interaction of chitosan in CP films, leading to loss of the crystallinity degree of chitosan. Furthermore, the crystal disruption promoted the formation of hydrogen bonds with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with the promoted miscibility. CP film incorporated with 8 % AME possessed the highest tensile strength (26.79 MPa), and elongation at break (66.38 %) as well as excellent ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) light barrier property, water vapor barrier properties, due to its high miscibility degree. Moreover, this film also showed excellent antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and pH response function, which could be used to monitor the storage of highly perishable shrimp. Hence, the AME provided extra functionality and improved miscibility between chitosan and PVA, which showed great potential for the preparation of high-performance bioactive-fortified and intelligent food packaging films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Long
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, PR China
| | - Yawen Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, PR China.
| | - Changxin Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, PR China.
| | - Junli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Meilin Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Lou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, PR China
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3
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Yang YC, Lin HS, Chen HX, Wang PK, Zheng BD, Huang YY, Zhang N, Zhang XQ, Ye J, Xiao MT. Plant polysaccharide-derived edible film packaging for instant food: Rapid dissolution in hot water coupled with exceptional mechanical and barrier characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132066. [PMID: 38705323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive multiscale analysis was conducted to explore the effects of different ratios of these materials on its properties. The results show that KC played a crucial role in controlling solution viscosity and gel and sol temperatures. The dissolution time at high water temperatures primarily decreased with an increase in SA content. Higher KC and CS content increased tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (ε), while also exhibiting better thermal stability. Water vapor transmission (WVT) and permeability (PV) initially decreased, then increased with the increase of SA and CS contents. Finally, an SA:KC:CS ratio of 1:3:2 showed optimal comprehensive properties, with a dissolution time of about 60.0 ± 3.8 s, TS of 23.80 ± 0.29 MPa, ε of 18.61 ± 0.34 %, WVT of 21.74 ± 0.62 g/m2·24h, and PV of 5.39 ± 0.17 meq/kg. Meanwhile, the SA:KC:CS edible food packaging only introduced minimal effects on food after dissolution, and the total bacterial count met regulatory standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Hai-Sang Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Hai-Xin Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Peng-Kai Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Bing-De Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Ya-Yan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Mei-Tian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
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4
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Jiang B, Yue H, Fu X, Wang J, Feng Y, Li D, Liu C, Feng Z. One-step high efficiency separation of prolyl endopeptidase from Aspergillus niger and its application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132582. [PMID: 38801849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Prolyl endopeptidase from Aspergillus niger (An-PEP) is an enzyme that recognizes C-terminal peptide bonds of amino acid chains and cleaves them by hydrolysis. An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was used to separate An-PEP from fermentation broth. Through single factor experiments, the ATPS containing 16 % (w/w) PEG2000 and 15 % (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 at pH 6.0 obtained the recovery of 79.74 ± 0.16 % and the purification coefficient of 7.64 ± 0.08. It was then used to produce soy protein isolate peptide (SPIP) by hydrolysis of soy protein isolate (SPI), and SPIP-Ferrous chelate (SPIP-Fe) was prepared with SPIP and Fe2+. The chelation conditions were optimized by RSM, as the chelation time was 30 min, chelation temperature was 25 °C, SPIP mass to VC mass was two to one and pH was 6.0. The obtained chelation rate was 82.56 ± 2.30 %. The change in the structures and functional features of SPIP before and after chelation were investigated. The FTIR and UV-Vis results indicated that the chelation of Fe2+ and SPIP depended mainly on the formation of amide bonds. The fluorescence, SEM and amino acid composition analysis results indicated that Fe2+ could induce and stabilize the surface conformation and change the amino acid distribution on the surfaces of SPIP. The chelation of SPIP and Fe2+ resulted in the enhancement of radical scavenging activities and ACE inhibitory activities. This work provided a new perspective for the further development of peptide-Fe chelates for iron supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongshen Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinhao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhibiao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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5
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Nie C, Liang Q, Gao Q. Preparation of Eudragit S100-pullulan/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex-Eudragit S100 multilayer nanofiber film for resveratrol colon delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132388. [PMID: 38754685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-based electrospun nanofibers are promising for encapsulating and preserving unstable compounds, but quick dissolution of certain nanofibers hinders their delivery application. In this study, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) was used as an effective carrier of resveratrol (RSV) to obtain the RSV/HPβCD inclusion complex (HPIC), which was then incorporated into pullulan nanofibers. For enhancement of RSV release toward colon target, multilayer structure with a pullulan/HPIC film sandwiched between two layers of hydrophobic Eudragit S100 (ES100) nanofibers was employed. The relationship between the superiority of the ES100-pullulan/HPIC-ES100 film and its multilayer structure was verified. The intimate interactions of hydrogen bonds between two adjacent layers enhanced thermal stability, and the hydrophobic outer layers improved water contact resistance. According to release results, multilayer films also showed excellent colon-targeted delivery property and approximately 78.58 % of RSV was observed to release in colon stage. In terms of release mechanism, complex mechanism best described RSV colonic release. Additionally, ES100-pullulan/HPIC-ES100 multilayer films performed higher encapsulation efficiency when compared to the structures without HPIC, which further increased the antioxidant activity and total release amount of RSV. These results suggest a promising strategy for designing safe colonic delivery systems based on multilayer and HPIC structures with superior preservation for RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyi Nie
- Carbohydrate Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qian Liang
- Carbohydrate Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qunyu Gao
- Carbohydrate Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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6
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Abedi E, Sayadi M, Oliyaei N. Fabrication and characterization of emulsion-based edible film containing cinnamon essential oil using chia seed mucilage. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131173. [PMID: 38554904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Chia seed mucilage (CSM) film incorporated with 2, 4, and 6 % (w/w) nanoemulsion of cinnamon essential oil (CSM-2, CSM-4, CSM-6) were developed, and their physicochemical, mechanical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties were determined. According to the results, cinnamon EO nanoemulsion (CEN) had droplet size 196.07 ± 1.39 nm with PDI 0.47 ± 0.04. Moreover, CSM film had higher water solubility (99.37 ± 0.05 %) and WVP (8.55 ± 1.10 g/kPa h m2) than reinforced CSM films with CENCEN. The lowest water solubility (98.02 ± 0.01 %) and WVP (3.75 ± 0.80 g/kPa h m2) was observed in CSM-6 film. Moreover, the addition of CEN improved the homogeneity and density of films and the smoothness of the surface, being observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy also confirmed the incorporation of CEN within the film matrix. The CSM films' antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging power) and antimicrobial (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) properties of CSM films were notably enhanced with the inclusion of CEN in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanical (tensile strength and elongation at break) of CSM films also was affected by the addition of CEN, TS decreased, and EAB increased (p < 0.05). The lowest TS (20.63 ± 1.39 MPa) and highest EAB (3.36 ± 0.61 %) was observed in CSM-4 film. However, CSM film was relatively dark with low opacity, and adding CEN slightly increased lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) parameters. The superior antioxidant and barrier characteristics of the CSM edible film incorporated with CEN make it a potential candidate for product packaging and shelf-life extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Abedi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mehran Sayadi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Najmeh Oliyaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, and Seafood Processing Research Center, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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7
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Huang L, Zhang D, Bu N, Zhong Y, Tan P, Lin H, Pang J, Mu R. Pullulan nanofibrous films incorporated with W/O emulsions via microfluidic solution blow spinning technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130437. [PMID: 38412935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
In this work, pullulan (PUL) nanofibrous films incorporated with water-in-oil emulsions (PE) were prepared by microfluidic blowing spinning (MBS). The microstructures of nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). With the addition of W/O emulsions, the thermal stability, mechanical, and water barrier properties of PUL nanofibers were improved. Increases in emulsion content significantly affected the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of nanofibrous films. ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging rates increased from 10.26 % and 8.57 % to 60.66 % and 57.54 %, respectively. The inhibition zone of PE nanofibers against E. coli and S. aureus increased from 11.00 to 20.00 and from 15.67 to 21.17 mm, respectively. In addition, we investigated the freshness effectiveness of PE nanofibrous films on fresh-cut apples. PE nanofibrous films significantly maintained the firmness, and reduced the weight loss and browning index of the fresh-cut apple, throughout the 4 days of storage. Thus, the PE nanofibrous films exhibited good potential to prolong the shelf life of fresh-cut fruit and promote the development of active food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Huang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Nitong Bu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhong
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Pingping Tan
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Huanglong Lin
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jie Pang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Ruojun Mu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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8
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Pang H, Wu Y, Tao Q, Xiao Y, Ji W, Li L, Wang H. Active cellulose acetate/purple sweet potato anthocyanins@cyclodextrin metal-organic framework/eugenol colorimetric film for pork preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130523. [PMID: 38428771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
As a natural pH-sensing colorant, purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPAs) have demonstrated great potential in colorimetric film for freshness monitoring. However, the photothermal instability of PSPAs is still a challengeable issue. Herein, γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) loaded with PSPAs (PSPAs@CD-MOF, i.e., PM) and eugenol (EUG) were incorporated in cellulose acetate (CA) matrix for developing a smart active colorimetric film of CA/PM/EUG, where PM and EUG were hydrogen-bonded with CA. Attentions were focused on the photothermal colorimetric stability, colorimetric response, and antibacterial activity of the films. The presence of PM and EUG endowed the film outstanding UV-blocking performance and enhanced the barrier against water vapor and oxygen. Target film of CA/PM15/EUG10 had good photothermal colorimetric stability due to the protection of CD-MOF on PSPAs and the color changes with pH-stimuli were sensitive and reversible. In addition to antioxidant activity, CA/PM15/EUG10 had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The application trial results indicated that the CA/PM15/EUG10 was valid to indicate pork freshness and extended the shelf-life by 100 % at 25 °C, which has demonstrated a good perspective on smart active packaging for freshness monitoring and shelf-life extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiting Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yimin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qianlan Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yewen Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Modern Processing, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, China; Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Modern Processing, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China.
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9
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Cao L, Liu J, Meng Y, Hou M, Li J, Song Y, Wang Y, Song H, Zhang R, Liang R, Guo X. A tear-free and edible dehydrated vegetables packaging film with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties from soluble soybean polysaccharide blending carboxylated nanocellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130707. [PMID: 38460635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) -carboxylated nanocellulose (CNC) blending films with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties to be used as a tear-free and edible packaging materials. The films were formed by casting method, with CNC as the strengthening unit and glycerol as the plasticizer. The effect of CNC on structural and physical performances of the SSPS-CNC films were studied. SEM indicated that the film will stratify with excess CNC (10 %), but the film remains intact and compact. Incorporation of CNC into SSPS films did not change peak position in the XRD pattern significantly. Hydrogen bonds among SSPS, glycerol and CNC were indicated by the FTIR spectra. The compounding of CNC greatly lessened the light transmittance and hydrophilicity (CA increased from 55.42° to 70.67°), but perfected the barrier (WVP decreased from 3.595 × 10-10 to 2.593 × 10-10 g m-1 s-1 Pa-1) and mechanical properties (TS improved from 0.806 to 1.317 MPa). The results of packaging dehydrated vegetable indicated that the SSPS-8CNC film can effectively inhibit the packaged cabbage absorption water vapor. As a consequence, SSPS film perfected by CNC is hopeful to pack dehydrated vegetables in instant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Cao
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yuzhe Meng
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Mengyao Hou
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jie Li
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yuqi Song
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Haiqing Song
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Rong Liang
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xingfeng Guo
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
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10
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Zhang Z, Huang Y, Wang R, Dong R, Li T, Gu Q, Li P. Utilizing chitosan and pullulan for the encapsulation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 to enhance its vitality in the gastrointestinal tract. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129624. [PMID: 38262550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 has demonstrated effective alleviation of gastritis and colitis, making it crucial to improve its viability within the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, Chitosan (CS) and pullulan (PUL) encapsulated nanofibers of ZJ316 were prepared using electrospinning, considering both the synergistic effects of prebiotics and probiotics and their protective effects. We found that increasing the CS ratio resulted in elevated conductivity of the polymer solution, while decreasing viscosity and pH. Scanning electron microscopy showed that at a CS: PUL ratio of 1:135, polymer filaments were difficult to form, and nanofiber diameter decreased with higher CS content. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the miscibility of CS and PUL, while ATR-FTIR demonstrated the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions between the two materials. Thermal analysis indicated that an increased CS concentration improved the thermal stability of the nanofibers. Based on these findings, the optimal CS:PUL ratio for electrospinning was determined to be 1:60. Encapsulation of ZJ316 in the nanofibers significantly enhanced its survival rate in simulated gastrointestinal fluid compared to free bacteria, with survival rates of 87.24 % (gastric) and 79.71 % (intestinal), respectively. This study provides valuable insights for the development of probiotic functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yingjie Huang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ruomeng Dong
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qing Gu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.; Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.; Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China..
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11
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Botalo A, Inprasit T, Ummartyotin S, Chainok K, Vatthanakul S, Pisitsak P. Smart and UV-Resistant Edible Coating and Films Based on Alginate, Whey Protein, and Curcumin. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:447. [PMID: 38399825 PMCID: PMC10891642 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, smart edible coating and films with excellent UV barrier properties were prepared from alginate, whey protein isolate, and curcumin. The primary focus of this investigation centered on assessing the impact of whey protein and curcumin on the physical and functional properties of the alginate films. Whey protein reduced the film transparency while simultaneously enhancing the hydrophobicity and antioxidant properties of the alginate film. Curcumin imparted a yellow hue to the film, consequently decreasing the transparency of the film. It also substantially improved hydrophobicity, antioxidant activity, and UV-blocking efficiency within the films. Remarkably, curcumin demonstrated a significant reduction in the water vapor transmission rate of the film. For the preservation of apples, a higher concentration of curcumin was required, which effectively suppressed the respiration rate and moisture loss post-harvest, resulting in an extended shelf-life for the apples. As a result, the coated apples exhibited significantly reduced enzymatic browning and weight loss in comparison to their uncoated counterparts. Furthermore, these curcumin-containing films underwent a reversible color change from orange to red when exposed to ammonia vapor. This attribute highlights the potential of the developed coating and film as a smart, active food packaging solution, particularly for light-sensitive food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atcharaporn Botalo
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand; (A.B.); (T.I.); (S.U.); (K.C.)
| | - Thitirat Inprasit
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand; (A.B.); (T.I.); (S.U.); (K.C.)
| | - Sarute Ummartyotin
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand; (A.B.); (T.I.); (S.U.); (K.C.)
| | - Kittipong Chainok
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand; (A.B.); (T.I.); (S.U.); (K.C.)
| | - Suteera Vatthanakul
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand;
| | - Penwisa Pisitsak
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand; (A.B.); (T.I.); (S.U.); (K.C.)
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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12
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Cueto Covarrubias LA, Valdez Solana MA, Avitia Domínguez C, Téllez Valencia A, Meza Velázquez JA, Sierra Campos E. Characterization of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil for the Development of a Biopackage Applied to Maintain the Quality of Turkey Ham. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:132. [PMID: 38201797 PMCID: PMC10780569 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera has a high level of active chemicals that are useful in the food industry, and they have antibacterial and food preservation properties. The characterization of M. oleifera seed oil (MOS) may vary due to agronomic and environmental factors. Therefore, it was necessary to know the composition of lipids present in our oil extracted under pressing at 180 °C and thus determine if it is suitable to produce a biopackaging. Within the characterization of the oil, it was obtained that MOS presented high-quality fatty acids (71% oleic acid) with low values of acidity (0.71 mg KOH/g) and peroxide (1.74 meq O2/kg). Furthermore, MOS was not very sensitive to lipoperoxidation by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) and its phenolic components, oleic acid and tocopherols, allowed MOS to present a recovery of 70% after 30 min of treatment. Subsequently, a biopackaging was developed using a multiple emulsion containing corn starch/carboxymethylcellulose/glycerol/MOS, which presented good mechanical properties (strength and flexibility), transparency, and a barrier that prevents the transfer of UV light by 30% and UV-C by 98%, as well as a flux with the atmosphere of 5.12 × 10-8 g/ m.s. Pa that prevents moisture loss and protects the turkey ham from O2. Hence, the turkey ham suffered less weight loss and less hardness due to its preservation in the biopackaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Adamari Cueto Covarrubias
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas GP, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Artículo 123 S/N Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio 35015, Durango, Mexico
| | - Mónica Andrea Valdez Solana
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas GP, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Artículo 123 S/N Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio 35015, Durango, Mexico
| | - Claudia Avitia Domínguez
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango 34000, Durango, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Téllez Valencia
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango 34000, Durango, Mexico
| | - Jorge Armando Meza Velázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas GP, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Artículo 123 S/N Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio 35015, Durango, Mexico
| | - Erick Sierra Campos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas GP, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Artículo 123 S/N Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio 35015, Durango, Mexico
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Murillo L, Rivero PJ, Sandúa X, Pérez G, Palacio JF, Rodríguez RJ. Antifungal Activity of Chitosan/Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Blend Electrospun Polymeric Fiber Mat Doped with Metallic Silver Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3700. [PMID: 37765554 PMCID: PMC10536667 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the implementation of advanced functional coatings based on the combination of two compatible nanofabrication techniques such as electrospinning and dip-coating technology have been successfully obtained for the design of antifungal surfaces. In a first step, uniform and beadless electrospun nanofibers of both polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyethylene (PEO)/chitosan (CS) blend samples have been obtained. In a second step, the dip-coating process has been gradually performed in order to ensure an adequate distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within the electrospun polymeric matrix (PEO/CS/AgNPs) by using a chemical reduction synthetic process, denoted as in situ synthesis (ISS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to evaluate the surface morphology of the samples, showing an evolution in average fiber diameter from 157 ± 43 nm (PEO), 124 ± 36 nm (PEO/CS) and 330 ± 106 nm (PEO/CS/AgNPs). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to evaluate the roughness profile of the samples, indicating that the ISS process induced a smooth roughness surface because a change in the average roughness Ra from 84.5 nm (PEO/CS) up to 38.9 nm (PEO/CS/AgNPs) was observed. The presence of AgNPs within the electrospun fiber mat has been corroborated by UV-Vis spectroscopy thanks to their characteristic optical properties (orange film coloration) associated to the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) phenomenon by showing an intense absorption band in the visible region at 436 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) profile also indicates the existence of a peak located at 3 keV associated to silver. In addition, after doping the electrospun nanofibers with AgNPs, an important change in the wettability with an intrinsic hydrophobic behavior was observed by showing an evolution in the water contact angle value from 23.4° ± 1.3 (PEO/CS) up to 97.7° ± 5.3 (PEO/CS/AgNPs). The evaluation of the antifungal activity of the nanofibrous mats against Pleurotus ostreatus clearly indicates that the presence of AgNPs in the outer surface of the nanofibers produced an important enhancement in the inhibition zone during mycelium growth as well as a better antifungal efficacy after a longer exposure time. Finally, these fabricated electrospun nanofibrous membranes can offer a wide range of potential uses in fields as diverse as biomedicine (antimicrobial against human or plant pathogen fungi) or even in the design of innovative packaging materials for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Murillo
- Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadía S/N, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (L.M.); (X.S.); (R.J.R.)
| | - Pedro J. Rivero
- Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadía S/N, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (L.M.); (X.S.); (R.J.R.)
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadía S/N, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Sandúa
- Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadía S/N, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (L.M.); (X.S.); (R.J.R.)
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadía S/N, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gumer Pérez
- Genetics, Genomics and Microbiology Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - José F. Palacio
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering, AIN, 31191 Cordovilla, Spain;
| | - Rafael J. Rodríguez
- Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadía S/N, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (L.M.); (X.S.); (R.J.R.)
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadía S/N, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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14
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do Nascimento A, Toneto LC, Lepaus BM, Valiati BS, Faria-Silva L, de São José JFB. Effect of Edible Coatings of Cassava Starch Incorporated with Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oils on the Shelf Life of Papaya. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:772. [PMID: 37755194 PMCID: PMC10534760 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Applying edible coatings added with plant essential oils is a strategy used to delay ripening processes in climacteric fruits such as papaya. Formulations comprising 3% or 4% cassava starch (w/v), added with clove or cinnamon essential oils (2 mL/L), were tested for microbial inhibition (in vitro) purposes. Moreover, these fruits' physicochemical and microbiological aspects were assessed at 25 °C, for 12 days. Slight variations in pH and Brix values were observed during storage. On the other hand, there were no significant variations in carotenoid contents over storage time. The papaya fruits' coating contributed to reducing their weight loss from 40.66% (uncoated sample) to 24.10% on the 12th storage day, as well as delayed changes often observed during the ripening process. The 4% cassava starch coatings added with essential oils were more efficient in reducing microbiological levels. The herein proposed treatments reduced aerobic mesophilic bacteria, as well as molds and yeast counts, by 1.48 and 1.95 log CFU/g, on average, respectively, in comparison to the control sample. The assessed microorganism counts were higher in the uncoated sample than in the coated papaya fruits, after 12 days of storage. Thus, the tested coatings can potentially delay the emergence of post-harvest changes; consequently, they can help improve the quality of papaya fruits and extend their shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisson do Nascimento
- Graduation in Nutrition, Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040-090, ES, Brazil
| | - Letícia Crestan Toneto
- Graduation in Nutrition, Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040-090, ES, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Morandi Lepaus
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040-090, ES, Brazil; (B.M.L.); (B.S.V.)
| | - Bárbara Santos Valiati
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040-090, ES, Brazil; (B.M.L.); (B.S.V.)
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Santoso VR, Pramitasari R, Anugrah DSB. Development of Indicator Film Based on Cassava Starch-Chitosan Incorporated with Red Dragon Fruit Peel Anthocyanins-Gambier Catechins to Detect Banana Ripeness. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3609. [PMID: 37688235 PMCID: PMC10489926 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Banana ripeness is generally determined based on physical attributes, such as skin color; however, it is considered subjective because it depends on individual factors and lighting conditions. In addition, improper handling can cause mechanical damage to the fruit. Intelligent packaging in the form of indicator film incorporated with anthocyanins from red dragon fruit peel has been applied for shrimp freshness detection; however, this film has low color stability during storage, necessitating the addition of gambier catechins as a co-pigment to increase anthocyanin stability. Nevertheless, the characteristics of films that contain gambier catechins and their applications to bananas have not been studied yet; therefore, this study aims to develop and characterize indicator films that were incorporated with red dragon fruit peel anthocyanins and gambier catechins to detect banana ripeness. In this study, the indicator films were made via solvent casting. The films were characterized for their structural, mechanical, and physicochemical properties, and then applied to banana packaging. The results show that the film incorporated with anthocyanins and catechins in a ratio of 1:40 (w/w) resulted in better color stability, mechanical properties, light and water vapor barrier ability, and antioxidant activity. The application of the indicator films to banana packaging resulted in a change in color on the third day of storage. It can be concluded that these films could potentially be used as an indicator to monitor banana ripeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentia Rossely Santoso
- Food Technology Study Program, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, BSD Campus, Tangerang 15345, Indonesia;
| | - Rianita Pramitasari
- Food Technology Study Program, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, BSD Campus, Tangerang 15345, Indonesia;
| | - Daru Seto Bagus Anugrah
- Biotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, BSD Campus, Tangerang 15345, Indonesia;
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16
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Jiang B, Chen P, Guo J, Han B, Jin H, Li D, Liu C, Feng Z. Structural characteristics and biological activity of lactic acid bacteria exopolysaccharides separated by ethanol/(NH 4) 2SO 4 ATPS. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125451. [PMID: 37331540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as edible and safe bioproducts with health benefits have become an interesting topic. In this study, aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was established using ethanol and (NH4)2SO4 as phase-forming substances to separate and purify LAB EPS from Lactobacillus plantarum 1.0665. The operating conditions were optimized by a single factor and response surface method (RSM). The results indicated that an effectively selective separation of LAB EPS was achieved by the ATPS consisted of 28 % (w/w) ethanol and 18 % (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 at pH 4.0. Under optimized conditions, the partition coefficient (K) and recovery rate (Y) were well matched with the predicted value of 3.83 ± 0.019 and 74.66 ± 1.05 %. The physicochemical properties of purified LAB EPS were characterized by various technologies. According to the results, LAB EPS was a complex polysaccharide with a triple helix structure mainly composed of mannose, glucose and galactose in the molar ratio of 1.00: 0.32: 0.14, and it proved that the ethanol/(NH4)2SO4 system had good selectivity for LAB EPS. In addition, LAB EPS displayed excellent antioxidant activity, antihypertension activity, anti-gout capacity and hypoglycemic activity in vitro analysis. The results suggested that LAB EPS could be a dietary supplement applied in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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