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Cheng Y, Fu Y, Gu D, Huang Y, Lu Y, Liu Y, Li X, Yao X, Zhang X, Jian W, Liu P, Wu H, Li Y. Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from Cinnamomum cassia Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:81. [PMID: 39795342 PMCID: PMC11723029 DOI: 10.3390/plants14010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2024] [Revised: 12/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine systems worldwide. The essential oil (EO) content and composition are influenced by various external and internal factors, such as climate and harvest season, making it vital to determine the optimal harvest period for high-quality EO production. This study is the first to evaluate the chemical profiles, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, of C. cassia leaf oil across the four seasons. GC-MS and FTIR analyses revealed significant seasonal variations in the components. Spring and autumn leaf oils contained the highest EO (2.20% and 1.95%, respectively) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (92.59% and 91.10%, respectively). Temperature and humidity primarily affected EO and trans-cinnamaldehyde accumulation. C. cassia leaf oil demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25 mg/mL against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes for the spring oil. The MICs for the other three seasonal samples were 0.5 mg/mL for S. aureus, M. luteus, and L. monocytogenes, and 1.0 mg/mL for P. putida. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the EOs across all seasons against S. aureus ranged from 0.5 to 1 mg/mL. Winter leaf oil exhibited high antioxidant activity, primarily due to the presence of cis-cinnamaldehyde, caryophyllene, humulene, alloaromadendrene, γ-muurolene, cis-bisabolene, o-methoxycinnamaldehyde, and phenolics. This study provides essential data and valuable references for optimizing resource utilization and determining the ideal harvest time for C. cassia leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Ying Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Dingze Gu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Yan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Yongqi Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Yujie Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Xiulan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Xinyue Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Xinxuan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Wanying Jian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Peiwei Liu
- Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China;
| | - Hong Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanqun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.F.); (D.G.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (W.J.)
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Ling Q, Zhang B, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Hou J, Liu Q, Zhang J, Xiao C, Jin Z, Liu Y. Identification of key genes controlling monoterpene biosynthesis of Citral-type Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl. Based on transcriptome and metabolite profiling. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:540. [PMID: 38822238 PMCID: PMC11141066 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The citral-type is the most common chemotype in Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl (C. bodinieri), which has been widely used in the daily necessities, cosmetics, biomedicine, and aromatic areas due to their high citral content. Despite of this economic prospect, the possible gene-regulatory roles of citral biosynthesis in the same geographic environment remains unknown. In this study, the essential oils (EOs) of three citral type (B1, B2, B3) and one non-citral type (B0) varieties of C. bodinieri were identified by GC-MS after hydrodistillation extraction in July. 43 components more than 0.10% were identified in the EOs, mainly composed of monoterpenes (75.8-91.84%), and high content citral (80.63-86.33%) were identified in citral-type. Combined transcriptome and metabolite profiling analysis, plant-pathogen interaction(ko04626), MAPK signaling pathway-plant(ko04016), starch and sucrose metabolism(ko00500), plant hormone signal transduction(ko04075), terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (ko00900) and monoterpenoid biosynthesis (ko00902) pathways were enriched significantly. The gene expression of differential genes were linked to the monoterpene content, and the geraniol synthase (CbGES), alcohol dehydrogenase (CbADH), geraniol 8-hydroxylase-like (CbCYP76B6-like) and 8-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (Cb10HGO) were upregulated in the citral-type, indicating that they were associated with high content of geraniol and citral. The activities of CbGES and CbADH in citral type were higher than in non-citral type, which was corroborated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study on the accumulation mechanism of citral provides a theoretical basis for the development of essential oil of C. bodinieri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Ling
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Nanchang, China
| | - Beihong Zhang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Zufei Xiao
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiexi Hou
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Changlong Xiao
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhinong Jin
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yuanqiu Liu
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Nanchang, China.
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Yang P, Chen YX, Wang TT, Huang XS, Zhan RT, Yang JF, Ma DM. Nudix hydrolase WvNUDX24 is involved in borneol biosynthesis in Wurfbainia villosa. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1218-1231. [PMID: 38323895 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Borneol, camphor, and bornyl acetate are highly promising monoterpenoids widely used in medicine, flavor, food, and chemical applications. Bornyl diphosphate (BPP) serves as a common precursor for the biosynthesis of these monoterpenoids. Although bornyl diphosphate synthase (BPPS) that catalyzes the cyclization of geranyl diphosphate (GPP) to BPP has been identified in multiple plants, the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of BPP to produce borneol has not been reported. Here, we conducted in vitro and in vivo functional characterization to identify the Nudix hydrolase WvNUDX24 from W. villosa, which specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of BPP to generate bornyl phosphate (BP), and then BP forms borneol under the action of phosphatase. Subcellular localization experiments indicated that the hydrolysis of BPP likely occurs in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that four critical residues (R84, S96, P98, and G99) for the hydrolysis activity of WvNUDX24. Additionally, the functional identification of phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) demonstrated that WvPAP5 and WvPAP10 were able to hydrolyze geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to generate geranylgeranyl phosphate (GGP) and farnesyl phosphate (FP), respectively, but could not hydrolyze BPP, GPP, and neryl diphosphate (NPP) to produce corresponding monophosphate products. These findings highlight the essential role of WvNUDX24 in the first step of BPP hydrolysis to produce borneol and provide genetic elements for the production of BPP-related terpenoids through plant metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Yuan-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue-Shuang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Ruo-Ting Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jin-Fen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong-Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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