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Azzouz A, Arus VA, Platon N. Role of Clay Substrate Molecular Interactions in Some Dairy Technology Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:808. [PMID: 38255881 PMCID: PMC10815404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of clay materials in dairy technology requires a multidisciplinary approach that allows correlating clay efficiency in the targeted application to its interactions with milk components. For profitability reasons, natural clays and clay minerals can be used as low-cost and harmless food-compatible materials for improving key processes such as fermentation and coagulation. Under chemical stability conditions, clay materials can act as adsorbents, since anionic clay minerals such as hydrotalcite already showed effectiveness in the continuous removal of lactic acid via in situ anion exchange during fermentation and ex situ regeneration by ozone. Raw and modified bentonites and smectites have also been used as adsorbents in aflatoxin retention and as acidic species in milk acidification and coagulation. Aflatoxins and organophilic milk components, particularly non-charged caseins around their isoelectric points, are expected to display high affinity towards high silica regions on the clay surface. Here, clay interactions with milk components are key factors that govern adsorption and surface physicochemical processes. Knowledge about these interactions and changes in clay behavior according to the pH and chemical composition of the liquid media and, more importantly, clay chemical stability is an essential requirement for understanding process improvements in dairy technology, both upstream and downstream of milk production. The present paper provides a comprehensive review with deep analysis and synthesis of the main findings of studies in this area. This may be greatly useful for mastering milk processing efficiency and envisaging new prospects in dairy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim Azzouz
- NanoQam, Department of Chemistry, University of Quebec, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Station Expérimentale des Procédés Pilotes Environnementaux (STEPPE), École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Vasilica Alisa Arus
- Catalysis and Microporous Materials Laboratory, Vasile-Alecsandri University of Bacau, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (V.A.A.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicoleta Platon
- Catalysis and Microporous Materials Laboratory, Vasile-Alecsandri University of Bacau, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (V.A.A.); (N.P.)
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Hortolomeu A, Mirila DC, Georgescu AM, Rosu AM, Scutaru Y, Nedeff FM, Sturza R, Nistor ID. Retention of Phthalates in Wine Using Nanomaterials as Chemically Modified Clays with H 20, H 30, H 40 Boltron Dendrimers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2301. [PMID: 37630885 PMCID: PMC10459569 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of phthalic acid esters in wines presents a major risk to human health due to their very toxic metabolism. In this paper, aluminosilicate materials were used, with the aim of retaining various pollutants and unwanted compounds in wine. The pollutants tested were di-butyl and di-ethyl hexyl phthalates. They were tested and detected using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS) analytical technique. Nanomaterials were prepared using sodium bentonite, and were chemically modified via impregnation using three types of Boltron dendrimers of second, third and fourth generations (NBtH20, NBtH30 and NBtH40). The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In this paper, two aspects were addressed: the first related to the retention of phthalate-type pollutants (phthalic acid esters-PAEs) and the second related to the protein and polyphenol levels in the white wine of the Aligoté grape variety. The results obtained in this study have a major impact on PAEs in wine, especially after treatment with NBtH30 and NBtH40 (volumes of 250-500 μL/10 mL wine), with the retention of the pollutants being up to 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Hortolomeu
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Calea Marasesti, 600115 Bacau, Romania; (A.H.); (D.-C.M.); (A.-M.G.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Diana-Carmen Mirila
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Calea Marasesti, 600115 Bacau, Romania; (A.H.); (D.-C.M.); (A.-M.G.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Ana-Maria Georgescu
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Calea Marasesti, 600115 Bacau, Romania; (A.H.); (D.-C.M.); (A.-M.G.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Ana-Maria Rosu
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Calea Marasesti, 600115 Bacau, Romania; (A.H.); (D.-C.M.); (A.-M.G.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Yuri Scutaru
- Department of Oenology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor Street, MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova; (Y.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Florin-Marian Nedeff
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Calea Marasesti, 600115 Bacau, Romania;
| | - Rodica Sturza
- Department of Oenology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor Street, MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova; (Y.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Ileana Denisa Nistor
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Calea Marasesti, 600115 Bacau, Romania; (A.H.); (D.-C.M.); (A.-M.G.); (A.-M.R.)
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