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Wang S, Tan Z, Wang C, Liu W, Hang F, He X, Ye D, Li L, Sun J. Iron Competition as an Important Mechanism of Pulcherrimin-Producing Metschnikowia sp. Strains for Controlling Postharvest Fungal Decays on Citrus Fruit. Foods 2023; 12:4249. [PMID: 38231683 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study identified and tested fruit-isolated Metschnikowia yeasts against three major postharvest citrus pathogens, namely, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, and further evaluated the impact of FeCl3 on the biocontrol efficiency of pulcherrimin-producing M. pulcherrima strains. Based on the characterization of the pigmented halo surrounding the colonies and the analysis of the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA, a total of 46 Metschnikowia sp. were screened and identified. All 46 Metschnikowia strains significantly inhibited the hyphal growth of Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, and effectively controlled the development of green mold, blue mold and sour rot of citrus fruit. The introduction of exogenous FeCl3 at certain concentrations did not significantly impact the pulcherriminic acid (PA) production of pigmented M. pulcherrima strains, but notably diminished the size of pigmented zones and the biocontrol efficacy against the three pathogens. Iron deficiency sensitivity experiments revealed that P. digitatum and P. italicum exhibited higher sensitivity compared to G. citri-aurantii, indicating that iron dependence varied among the three pathogens. These results suggested that M. pulcherrima strains, capable of producing high yields of PA, possessed great potential for use as biocontrol agents against postharvest citrus diseases. The biocontrol efficacy of these yeasts is mainly attributed to their ability to competitively deplete iron ions in a shared environment, with the magnitude of their pigmented halo directly correlating to their antagonistic capability. It is worth noting that the level of sensitivity of pathogens to iron deficiency might also affect the biocontrol effect of pulcherrimin-producing M. pulcherrima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupei Wang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning 530007, China
- College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhimei Tan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chenshu Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fangxue Hang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Dongqing Ye
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Li Li
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning 530007, China
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