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Gonzalez-Garcia MC, Salto-Giron C, Herrero-Foncubierta P, Peña-Ruiz T, Giron-Gonzalez MD, Salto-Gonzalez R, Perez-Lara A, Navarro A, Garcia-Fernandez E, Orte A. Dynamic Excimer (DYNEX) Imaging of Lipid Droplets. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3632-3639. [PMID: 34498459 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling cellular physiological processes via luminescent probes that target specific cellular microenvironments is quite challenging due to the uneven distribution of probes. Herein, we designed a new dynamic excimer (DYNEX) imaging method that involves the sensitive detection of nanosecond-scale dynamic molecular contacts of a fluorescent acridone derivative and reveals the cell microenvironment polarity. Using our method, we specifically tracked cell lipid droplets in fibroblast colon carcinoma cells. These organelles play a central role in metabolic pathways, acting as energy reservoirs in regulatory processes. DYNEX imaging provides the inner polarity of cell lipid droplets, which can be related to lipid contents and metabolic dysfunctions. This new methodology will inspire development of novel multidimensional fluorescent sensors that are able to provide target-specific and orthogonal information at the nanosecond scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carmen Gonzalez-Garcia
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Salto-Giron
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Herrero-Foncubierta
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Peña-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Giron-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular II, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Salto-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular II, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Perez-Lara
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amparo Navarro
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Emilio Garcia-Fernandez
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Orte
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Unidad de Excelencia en Quimica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Niko Y, Klymchenko AS. Emerging Solvatochromic Push-Pull Dyes for Monitoring the Lipid Order of Biomembranes in Live Cells. J Biochem 2021; 170:163-174. [PMID: 34213537 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvatochromic dyes have emerged as a new class of fluorescent probes in the field of lipid membranes due to their ability to identify the lipid organization of biomembranes in live cells by changing the color of their fluorescence. This type of solvatochromic function is useful for studying the heterogeneous features of biomembranes caused by the uneven distribution of lipids and cholesterols in live cells and related cellular processes. Therefore, a variety of advanced solvatochromic dyes have been rapidly developed over the last decade. To provide an overview of the works recently developed solvatochromic dyes have enabled, we herein present some solvatochromic dyes, with a particular focus on those based on pyrene and Nile red. As these dyes exhibit preferable photophysical properties in terms of fluorescence microscopy applications and unique distribution/localization in cellular compartments, some have already found applications in cell biological and biophysical studies. The goal of this review is to provide information to researchers who have never used solvatochromic dyes or who have not discovered applications of such dyes in biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Niko
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
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Chimeric Drug Design with a Noncharged Carrier for Mitochondrial Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020254. [PMID: 33673228 PMCID: PMC7918843 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it was proposed that the thiophene ring is capable of promoting mitochondrial accumulation when linked to fluorescent markers. As a noncharged group, thiophene presents several advantages from a synthetic point of view, making it easier to incorporate such a side moiety into different molecules. Herein, we confirm the general applicability of the thiophene group as a mitochondrial carrier for drugs and fluorescent markers based on a new concept of nonprotonable, noncharged transporter. We implemented this concept in a medicinal chemistry application by developing an antitumor, metabolic chimeric drug based on the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA). The promising features of the thiophene moiety as a noncharged carrier for targeting mitochondria may represent a starting point for the design of new metabolism-targeting drugs.
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