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Mousavi SM, Kalashgrani MY, Javanmardi N, Riazi M, Akmal MH, Rahmanian V, Gholami A, Chiang WH. Recent breakthroughs in graphene quantum dot-enhanced sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7041-7062. [PMID: 38946657 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Water-soluble graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have recently exhibited considerable potential for diverse biomedical applications owing to their exceptional optical and chemical properties. However, the pronounced heterogeneity in the composition, size, and morphology of GQDs poses challenges for a comprehensive understanding of the intricate correlation between their structural attributes and functional properties. This variability also introduces complexities in scaling the production processes and addressing safety considerations. Light and sound have firmly established their role in clinical applications as pivotal energy sources for minimally invasive therapeutic interventions. Given the limited penetration depth of light, photodynamic therapy (PDT) predominantly targets superficial conditions such as dermatological disorders, head and neck malignancies, ocular ailments, and early-stage esophageal cancer. Conversely, ultrasound-based sonodynamic therapy (SDT) capitalizes on its superior ability to propagate and focus ultrasound within biological tissues, enabling a diverse range of therapeutic applications, including the management of gliomas, breast cancer, hematological tumors, and modulation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Considering the advancements in theranostic and precision therapies, reevaluating these conventional energy sources and their associated sensitizers is imperative. This review introduces three prevalent treatment modalities that harness light and sound stimuli: PDT, SDT, and a synergistic approach that integrates PDT and SDT. This study delineated the therapeutic dynamics and contemporary designs of sensitizers tailored to these modalities. By exploring the historical context of the field and elucidating the latest design strategies, this review underscores the pivotal role of GQDs in propelling the evolution of PDT and SDT. This aspires to stimulate researchers to develop "multimodal" therapies integrating both light and sound stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | | | - Negar Javanmardi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mohsen Riazi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Hussnain Akmal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Drummondville, Quebec, J2C 0R5, Canada.
- Centre national intégré du manufacturier intelligent (CNIMI), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Drummondville, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
- Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Development (SEED) Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
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Aldakhil F, Alarfaj NA, Al-Tamimi SA, El-Tohamy MF. Hydrothermal synthesis of modified lignin-based carbon dots derived from biomass waste for fluorescence determination of valsartan. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19969-19982. [PMID: 38911833 PMCID: PMC11190890 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively investigated as potential tools for numerous applications. Modified lignin-based CDs have been synthesized and used in the field of drug detection. They were found to be highly selective and sensitive to valsartan (VAL). Using a simple hydrothermal method, phosphorus and chlorine co-doped CDs were synthesized using lignin extracted from date seeds. The fluorescence properties of the synthesized CDs are influenced by several factors, which were investigated in detail. The optimal synthesis conditions were 1.50 g of lignin, 18 mL of 2 M NaOH, 1 mM H3PO4, 3 mM HCl and the mixture was heated at 220 °C for 16 hours. The synthesized lignin-based CDs have excellent FL properties and are well soluble in water with reasonable stability. Characterization of the prepared CDs revealed that they have various functional groups with a graphene oxide-like structure. The developed CDs show a good quantum yield of 37.7%. The FL of the CDs is quenched by VAL at λ em 313 nm after λ ex at 275 nm by a combination of static and dynamic quenching mechanisms. The response of VAL was linear in the range of 4.0-100.0 μg mL-1. The detection and quantification limits of VAL were 1.23 and 3.71 μg mL-1, respectively. The nanoprobe was successfully used to analyze VAL in drug samples and provided satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Aldakhil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma A Al-Tamimi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia
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Aldakhil F, Alarfaj NA, Al-Tamimi SA, El-Tohamy MF. A Dual-Mode Spectrophotometric and Fluorescent Probe Based on Lignin-Derived Carbon Dots for the Detection of Atorvastatin Calcium in a Bulk Powder and a Commercial Product. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03745-2. [PMID: 38814526 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Recently, dual-mode techniques have garnered considerable attention and have been shown to be effective approaches for biomedical analysis and environmental monitoring. A novel and simple dual-mode spectrophotometric and fluorometric probe based on lignin-derived carbon dots (LCDs) was developed to detect atorvastatin calcium (ATS) in a bulk powder and its commercial product. The synthesized LCDs exhibit exceptional fluorescence characteristics and are highly soluble in water while maintaining reasonable stability. The average particle size of the LCDs was 3.42 ± 1.03 nm. The characterization of the produced LCDs indicated a structure resembling graphene oxide with the presence of several functional groups. The developed LCDs show a good fluorescence quantum yield of 32.2%. The fluorescence of the LCDs is quenched by ATS at an emission wavelength of 315 nm after excitation at 275 nm through dynamic and static quenching mechanisms. The optimal reaction conditions for the dual-mode reaction were a pH of 9 and 0.05 mL of the LCDs, which were measured after 3 min at 30 °C by spectrophotometry, followed by 7 min at 20 °C by fluorometric methods. According to the spectrophotometric results, the response of ATS was linear in the range of 4.0-100.0 µg/mL, while according to the fluorometric results, the dynamic range was 3.0-50.0 µg/mL. The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.97 µg/mL and 2.95 µg/mL for the fluorometric method, respectively. The nanoprobe effectively analyzed ATS in medication samples and yielded good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Aldakhil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma A Al-Tamimi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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4
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Cho H, Bae G, Hong BH. Engineering functionalization and properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with controllable synthesis for energy and display applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3347-3378. [PMID: 38288500 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a new type of 0D nanomaterial, are composed of a graphene lattice with sp2 bonding carbon core and characterized by their abundant edges and wide surface area. This unique structure imparts excellent electrical properties and exceptional physicochemical adsorption capabilities to GQDs. Additionally, the reduction in dimensionality of graphene leads to an open band gap in GQDs, resulting in their unique optical properties. The functional groups and dopants in GQDs are key factors that allow the modulation of these characteristics. So, controlling the functionalization level of GQDs is crucial for understanding their characteristics and further application. This review provides an overview of the properties and structure of GQDs and summarizes recent developments in research that focus on their controllable synthesis, involving functional groups and doping. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive and focused explanation of how GQDs have been advantageously applied in recent years, particularly in the fields of energy storage devices and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonwoo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gaeun Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
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Bhaloo A, Nguyen S, Lee BH, Valimukhametova A, Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Sottile O, Dorsky A, Naumov AV. Doped Graphene Quantum Dots as Biocompatible Radical Scavenging Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1536. [PMID: 37627531 PMCID: PMC10451549 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is proven to be a leading factor in a multitude of adverse conditions, from Alzheimer's disease to cancer. Thus, developing effective radical scavenging agents to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) driving many oxidative processes has become critical. In addition to conventional antioxidants, nanoscale structures and metal-organic complexes have recently shown promising potential for radical scavenging. To design an optimal nanoscale ROS scavenging agent, we have synthesized ten types of biocompatible graphene quantum dots (GQDs) augmented with various metal dopants. The radical scavenging abilities of these novel metal-doped GQD structures were, for the first time, assessed via the DPPH, KMnO4, and RHB (Rhodamine B protectant) assays. While all metal-doped GQDs consistently demonstrate antioxidant properties higher than the undoped cores, aluminum-doped GQDs exhibit 60-95% radical scavenging ability of ascorbic acid positive control. Tm-doped GQDs match the radical scavenging properties of ascorbic acid in the KMnO4 assay. All doped GQD structures possess fluorescence imaging capabilities that enable their tracking in vitro, ensuring their successful cellular internalization. Given such multifunctionality, biocompatible doped GQD antioxidants can become prospective candidates for multimodal therapeutics, including the reduction of ROS with concomitant imaging and therapeutic delivery to cancer tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bhaloo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA; (A.B.); (S.N.); (B.H.L.); (A.V.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Steven Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA; (A.B.); (S.N.); (B.H.L.); (A.V.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Bong Han Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA; (A.B.); (S.N.); (B.H.L.); (A.V.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Alina Valimukhametova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA; (A.B.); (S.N.); (B.H.L.); (A.V.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Olivia Sottile
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA; (A.B.); (S.N.); (B.H.L.); (A.V.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Abby Dorsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA; (A.B.); (S.N.); (B.H.L.); (A.V.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Anton V. Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA; (A.B.); (S.N.); (B.H.L.); (A.V.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
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Mohammed MS, Targhan H, Bahrami K. Design and introduction of quaternary ammonium hydroxide-functionalized graphene oxide quantum dots as a pseudo-homogeneous catalyst for epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8140. [PMID: 37208347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In present work, design and synthesis of a novel pseudo-homogeneous catalyst is described. For this purpose, amine-functionalized graphene oxide quantum dots (N-GOQDs) were prepared from graphene oxide (GO) by a facile one-step oxidative fragmentation approach. The prepared N-GOQDs were then modified with quaternary ammonium hydroxide groups. Various characterization techniques clearly revealed that the quaternary ammonium hydroxide-functionalized GOQDs (N-GOQDs/OH-) have been successfully synthesized. TEM image revealed that the GOQDs particles are almost regularly spherical in shape and mono-dispersed with particle sizes < 10 nm. The efficiency of the synthesized N-GOQDs/OH- as a pseudo-homogeneous catalyst in epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of aqueous H2O2 as an oxidant at room temperature was investigated. The corresponding epoxide products were obtained in good to high yields. This procedure has the advantages of a green oxidant, high yields, involvement of non-toxic reagents and reusability of the catalyst without discernible loss in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salim Mohammed
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center (NNRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran
| | - Homa Targhan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran
| | - Kiumars Bahrami
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center (NNRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran.
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7
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Taşdemir Ş, Morçimen ZG, Doğan AA, Görgün C, Şendemir A. Surface Area of Graphene Governs Its Neurotoxicity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37201186 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unique physicochemical properties, graphene and its derivatives are widely exploited for biomedical applications. It has been shown that graphene may exert different degrees of toxicity in in vivo or in vitro models when administered via different routes and penetrated through physiological barriers, subsequently being distributed within tissues or located within cells. In this study, in vitro neurotoxicity of graphene with different surface areas (150 and 750 m2/g) was examined on dopaminergic neuron model cells. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with graphene possessing two different surface areas (150 and 750 m2/g) in different concentrations between 400 and 3.125 μg/mL, and the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were investigated. Both sizes of graphene have shown increased cell viability in decreasing concentrations. Cell damage increased with higher surface area. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) results have concluded that the viability loss of the cells is not through membrane damage. Neither of the two graphene types showed damage through lipid peroxidation (MDA) oxidative stress pathway. Glutathione (GSH) values increased within the first 24 and 48 h for both types of graphene. This increase suggests that graphene has an antioxidant effect on the SH-SY5Y model neurons. Comet analysis shows that graphene does not show genotoxicity on either surface area. Although there are many studies on graphene and its derivatives on their use with different cells in the literature, there are conflicting results in these studies, and most of the literature is focused on graphene oxide. Among these studies, no study examining the effect of graphene surface areas on the cell was found. Our study contributes to the literature in terms of examining the cytotoxic and genotoxic behavior of graphene with different surface areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Taşdemir
- Bioengineering Department, Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | | | | | - Cansu Görgün
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova 16126, Italy
| | - Aylin Şendemir
- Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
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8
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Engineered Graphene Quantum Dots as a Magnetic Resonance Signal Amplifier for Biomedical Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052363. [PMID: 36903608 PMCID: PMC10005761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nano-contrast agents (nano-CAs) has increasingly attracted scholarly interest owing to their size, surface chemistry, and stability. Herein, a novel T1 nano-CA (Gd(DTPA)-GQDs) was successfully prepared through the functionalization of graphene quantum dots with poly(ethylene glycol) bis(amine) and their subsequent incorporation into Gd-DTPA. Remarkably, the resultant as-prepared nano-CA displayed an exceptionally high longitudinal proton relaxivity (r1) of 10.90 mM-1 s-1 (R2 = 0.998), which was significantly higher than that of commercial Gd-DTPA (4.18 mM-1 s-1, R2 = 0.996). The cytotoxicity studies indicated that the Gd(DTPA)-GQDs were not cytotoxic by themselves. The results of the hemolysis assay and the in vivo safety evaluation demonstrate the outstanding biocompatibility of Gd(DTPA)-GQDs. The in vivo MRI study provides evidence that Gd(DTPA)-GQDs exhibit exceptional performance as T1-CAs. This research constitutes a viable approach for the development of multiple potential nano-CAs with high-performance MR imaging capabilities.
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Mohammed I, Mohammed J, Srivastava AK. Recent Progress in Hexagonal Ferrites Based Composites for Microwave Absorption. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mohammed
- Department of Physics School of Physical Sciences and Chemical Engineering Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab 144411 India
| | - Jibrin Mohammed
- Department of Physics Faculty of Science Federal University Dutse Dutse Jigawa P.M.B. 7156 Nigeria
| | - Ajeet Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Physics School of Computer Sciences and Engineering Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab 144411 India
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Payami E, Teimuri-Mofrad R. Ternary nanocomposite of GQDs-PolyFc/Fe3O4/PANI: Design, synthesis, and applied for electrochemical energy storage. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Graphene quantum dots an efficient nanomaterial for enhancing the photostability of trans-resveratrol in food samples. Food Chem 2022; 386:132766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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12
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Pimsin N, Keawprom C, Areerob Y, Limchoowong N, Sricharoen P, Nuengmatcha P, Oh WC, Chanthai S. Selective Fe(ii)-fluorescence sensor with validated two-consecutive working range using N,S,I-GQDs associated with garlic extract as an auxiliary green chelating agent. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14356-14367. [PMID: 35702222 PMCID: PMC9097786 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this work was to use the pyrolysis process to synthesize graphene quantum dots doped with garlic extract (as N,S-GQDs) and simultaneously co-doped with iodine (as I-GQDs). XPS, HR-TEM, FE-SEM/EDX, FT-IR, fluorescence, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the N,S,I-GQDs and analyze their morphological images. The quantum yield of N,S,I-GQDs was found to be 45%, greater than that of undoped GQDs (31%). When stimulated at 363 nm, the N,S,I-GQDs display a strong fluorescence intensity at a maximum wavelength of 454 nm. Using N,S,I-GQDs as a fluorescence quenching sensor for screening tests with various metal ions, it was discovered that they are extremely selective towards Fe2+ over Fe3+ and other ions. Thus, solution pH, concentration of N,S,I-GQDs, quantity of garlic extract, EDTA and AgNO3 concentration as masking agents, reaction duration under ultrasonic aid, and tolerable limit of Fe3+ presence in the target analyte were all optimized for Fe2+ detection. A highly sensitive detection of Fe2+ was obtained using a linear curve with y = 141.34x + 5.5855, R 2 = 0.9961, LOD = 0.11 mg L-1, and LOQ = 0.35 mg L-1. The method precision, given as RSDs, was determined to be satisfactory at 1.04% for intra-day analysis and 3.22% for inter-day analysis, respectively. As a result, the selective determination of trace amounts of Fe2+ in real water samples using such labile multi-element doped GQDs in conjunction with garlic extract as a green chelating agent to maintain its enhanced sensitivity was successfully applied with good recoveries ranging from 89.16 to 121.45%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Pimsin
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Chayanee Keawprom
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Yonrapach Areerob
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
| | - Nunticha Limchoowong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok 10110 Thailand
| | - Phitchan Sricharoen
- Department of Premedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkokthonburi University, Thawi Watthana Bangkok 10170 Thailand
- Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) Ongkharak Nakhon Nayok 26120 Thailand
| | - Prawit Nuengmatcha
- Creative Innovation in Science and Technology and Nanomaterials Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80280 Thailand
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanseo University Seosan Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Saksit Chanthai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
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Rabeya R, Mahalingam S, Lau KS, Manap A, Satgunam M, Chia CH, Akhtaruzzaman M. Hydrothermal functionalization of graphene quantum dots extracted from cellulose. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Amino-functionalized nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and silver-graphene based nanocomposites: Ultrafast charge transfer and a proof-of-concept study for bioimaging applications. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Rodwihok C, Tam TV, Choi WM, Suwannakaew M, Woo SW, Wongratanaphisan D, Kim HS. Preparation and Characterization of Photoluminescent Graphene Quantum Dots from Watermelon Rind Waste for the Detection of Ferric Ions and Cellular Bio-Imaging Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040702. [PMID: 35215030 PMCID: PMC8878562 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized using watermelon rind waste as a photoluminescent (PL) agent for ferric ion (Fe3+) detection and in vitro cellular bio-imaging. A green and simple one-pot hydrothermal technique was employed to prepare the GQDs. Their crystalline structures corresponded to the lattice fringe of graphene, possessing amide, hydroxyl, and carboxyl functional groups. The GQDs exhibited a relatively high quantum yield of approximately 37%. Prominent blue emission under UV excitation and highly selective PL quenching for Fe3+ were observed. Furthermore, Fe3+ could be detected at concentrations as low as 0.28 μM (limit of detection), allowing for high sensitivity toward Fe3+ detection in tap and drinking water samples. In the bio-imaging experiment, the GQDs exhibited a low cytotoxicity for the HeLa cells, and they were clearly illuminated at an excitation wavelength of 405 nm. These results can serve as the basis for developing an environment-friendly, simple, and cost-effective approach of using food waste by converting them into photoluminescent nanomaterials for the detection of metal ions in field water samples and biological cellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Rodwihok
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (C.R.); (M.S.); (S.W.W.)
| | - Tran Van Tam
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44160, Korea; (T.V.T.); (W.M.C.)
| | - Won Mook Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44160, Korea; (T.V.T.); (W.M.C.)
| | - Mayulee Suwannakaew
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (C.R.); (M.S.); (S.W.W.)
| | - Sang Woon Woo
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (C.R.); (M.S.); (S.W.W.)
| | - Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Han S. Kim
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (C.R.); (M.S.); (S.W.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Development of novel blue emissive carbon dots for sensitive detection of dual metal ions and their potential applications in bioimaging and chelation therapy. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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18
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Ghanbari N, Salehi Z, Khodadadi A, Shokrgozar M, Saboury A, Farzaneh F. Tryptophan-functionalized graphene quantum dots with enhanced curcumin loading capacity and pH-sensitive release. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Alaghmandfard A, Sedighi O, Tabatabaei Rezaei N, Abedini AA, Malek Khachatourian A, Toprak MS, Seifalian A. Recent advances in the modification of carbon-based quantum dots for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111756. [PMID: 33545897 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum dots (CDs) are mainly divided into two sub-groups; carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which exhibit outstanding photoluminescence (PL) properties, low toxicity, superior biocompatibility and facile functionalization. Regarding these features, they have been promising candidates for biomedical science and engineering applications. In this work, we reviewed the efforts made to modify these zero-dimensional nano-materials to obtain the best properties for bio-imaging, drug and gene delivery, cancer therapy, and bio-sensor applications. Five main surface modification techniques with outstanding results are investigated, including doping, surface functionalization, polymer capping, nano-composite and core-shell structures, and the drawbacks and challenges in each of these methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Sedighi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Tabatabaei Rezaei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Abedini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Muhammet S Toprak
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd) London BioScience Innovation Centre 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK.
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20
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Graphene quantum dots as full-color and stimulus responsive fluorescence ink for information encryption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 579:307-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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A nanocomposite probe of graphene quantum dots and magnetite nanoparticles embedded in a selective polymer for the enrichment and detection of ceftazidime. Talanta 2020; 218:121168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Dehvari K, Chiu SH, Lin JS, Girma WM, Ling YC, Chang JY. Heteroatom doped carbon dots with nanoenzyme like properties as theranostic platforms for free radical scavenging, imaging, and chemotherapy. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:343-357. [PMID: 32682058 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based artificial nanoenzymes have gained increasing interest as emerging and promising nanotheranostic agents due to their biocompatibility, low cost, and straightforward production. Herein, a multifunctional Mn, N, and S incorporated carbon dots (MnNS:CDs) nanoenzyme exhibiting scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), photoluminescence quantum yield of 17.7%, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast was explored. The optical, magnetic, and antioxidant properties of MnNS:CDs were then regulated by control over Mn incorporation to achieve higher photostability and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, conjugation of MnNS:CDs with hyaluronic acid (HA) (denoted as MnNS:CDs@HA) endowed them with high biocompatibility, which is validated by in vivo studies on zebrafish, and the ability to specifically target cluster determinant 44 (CD44)-overexpressing B16F1 cells, as verified by in vitro confocal and MRI studies. The MnNS:CDs@HA probe with therapeutic antioxidant and dual-modal imaging capability was further assessed for non-covalent binding of doxorubicin (DOX) as a model chemotherapeutic cancer drug. Results showed that targeted delivery and pH-dependent release of DOX elicited apparent cell toxicity (90%) toward B16F1 cancer cells when compared to free DOX treatment group (60%). Benefiting from their intrinsic antioxidant properties, and dual-modal imaging ability, the MnNS:CDs@HA nanocarrier is projected to improve non-invasive targeted diagnosis and therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Carbon dots (CDs) have gained increasing interest as emerging and promising artificial functional nanomaterials that mimic the structures and functions of natural enzymes. In this work, Mn, N, and S incorporated CDs (MnNS:CDs) were synthesized using a one-pot microwave hydrothermal method to serve as fluorescent and magnetic resonance imaging probes, and catalase mimics in the reduction of the oxidative-stress related damage. Further conjugation of the probes with hyaluronic acid endows them with a good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility as well as the capability to selectively target CD44-overexpressing cancer cells, as investigated by in vitro fluorescence, and magnetic resonance imaging. The dual-modal nanoprobe was then used to carry on doxorubicin through a non-covalent association. Favorably, targeted delivery, and pH-responsive release of doxorubicin enhanced cell killing efficiency by 50% as opposed to the free doxorubicin treatment group. The presented theranostic heteroatom doped CDs hold great promise for dual-modal imaging enabling accurate diagnosis coupled with therapeutic effect through free radical scavenging and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalilalrahman Dehvari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hui Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jin-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wubshet Mekonnen Girma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yaw Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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23
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Chen Z, Xu X, Meng D, Jiang H, Zhou Y, Feng S, Mu Z, Yang Y. Dual-Emitting N/S-Doped Carbon Dots-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent and Light Scattering Sensor for High Precision Detection of Fe(III) Ions. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1007-1013. [PMID: 32607734 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Precise and rapid sensing of Fe(III) under concerned facile conditions is important in environmental monitoring. Herein, a facile and label-free ratiometric sensor is constructed for selective determination of Fe(III) ions by coupling second-order scattering (SOS) and fluorescence. We were synthesized fluorescent N, S-doped carbon dots (N/S-CDs) via facile one-step hydrothermal treatment with an intensive fluorescence and a weak SOS signal and high quantum yield (32%). The fluorescence of N/S-CDs was quenched whereas the intensity of SOS was relatively increased by Fe(III) ions due to aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching or enhancement. Based on this effect, a novel fluorescent ratiometric probe with the combined fluorescence and SOS is proposed for the sensing of Fe(III) ions, and with the detection limit of 83 nM and linear range of 0.1-10 μM and 10-40 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Chen
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Dongling Meng
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Honglin Jiang
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Shouai Feng
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhao Mu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
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24
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Shen S, Wang J, Wu Z, Du Z, Tang Z, Yang J. Graphene Quantum Dots with High Yield and High Quality Synthesized from Low Cost Precursor of Aphanitic Graphite. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E375. [PMID: 32098041 PMCID: PMC7075322 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to keep the balance of high quality and high yield for graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Because the quality is uncontrollable during cutting large 2D nanosheets to small 0D nanodots by top-down methods and the yield is low for GQDs with high quality obtained from bottom-up strategy. Here, aphanitic graphite (AG), a low-cost graphite contains a large amount of small graphite nanocrystals with size of about 10 nm is used as the precursor of graphene oxide quantum dots (GO-QDs) for the first time. GO-QDs with high yield and high quality were successfully obtained directly by liquid phase exfoliating AG without high strength cutting. The yield of these GO-QDs can reach up to 40 wt. %, much higher than that obtained from flake graphite (FG) precursor (less than 10 wt. %). The size of GO-QDs can be controlled in 2-10 nm. The average thickness of GO-QDs is about 3 nm, less than 3 layer of graphene sheet. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with different surface properties can be easily obtained by simple hydrothermal treatment of GO-QDs, which can be used as highly efficient fluorescent probe. Developing AG as precursor for GQDs offers a way to produce GQDs in a low-cost, highly effective and scalable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Junhe Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
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Wu J, Wang W, Wang Z. Porphin-Based Carbon Dots for "Turn Off-On" Phosphate Sensing and Cell Imaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E326. [PMID: 32075049 PMCID: PMC7075202 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Porphin-based carbon dots (denoted as PCDs) are prepared through a one-step hydrothermal method by using meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphin (TCPP), citric acid, and ethanediamine as precursor. PCDs give rise to the optimal photoluminescence at λex/λem = 375/645 nm, exhibit an excitation-independent property, excellent water solubility, and good biocompatibility, which provide red emission and avoid the autofluorescence as an efficient fluorescent imaging probe. On the other hand, when Eu3+ is added into PCDs, the carboxylate groups located on the surface of PCDs exhibit high affinity to Eu3+, resulting in the fluorescence of PCDs turning off via static quenching. In the presence of phosphate, owing to the strong coordination with Eu3+, the fluorescence of PCDs turns on. Based on this performance, a novel "turn off-on" phosphate sensing system is developed. The detection limit of this sensing system can attain 3.59 × 10-3 μmol L-1. This system has been utilized for the detection of phosphate in real samples successfully, which further demonstrates potential applications in biological diagnostic and environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (J.W.); (W.W.)
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