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Nawaz R, Haider S, Anjum M, Oad VK, Haider A, Khan R, Aqif M, Hanif T, Khan N. Optimized photodegradation of palm oil agroindustry waste effluent using multivalent manganese-modified black titanium dioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27831-3. [PMID: 37266783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a methodological approach to use manganese (Mn3+Mn7+)-modified black titanium dioxide (Mn/BTiO2) as a photocatalyst to optimize and improve visible-light-driven photodegradation of treated agro-industrial effluent (TPOME). A modified wet chemical process was used to prepare BTiO2. The BTiO2 was then wet impregnated with Mn and calcined at 300 °C for 1 h to produce Mn/BTiO2. The activity of Mn/BTiO2 was investigated in terms of photo-assisted elimination of chemical oxygen demand (COD), phenolic compounds (PCs), color, and total organic carbon (TOC). Using the design of experiments (DOE), the conditions of the photocatalytic process, including photocatalyst loading, Mn concentration, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dose, and irradiation time, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions (0.85 g/L photocatalyst loading, 0.048 mol/L H2O2 dose, 0.301 wt.% Mn concentration, and 204 min irradiation time) COD, PCs, color, and TOC removal efficiencies of 88.87%, 86.04%, 62.8%, and 84.66%, respectively, were obtained. Statistical analysis showed that the response variable's removal from TPOME estimation had high R2 and low RMSE, MSE, MAD, MAE, and MAPE values, indicating high reliability. This study demonstrated the significant potential of the developed photocatalytic system for the treatment of waste effluent generated by the palm oil industry and other agro-industries, with the ability to simultaneously reduce a number of organic pollution indicators (OPIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rab Nawaz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Shamsabad, Murree Rd, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzammil Anjum
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Shamsabad, Murree Rd, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Vipin Kumar Oad
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adnan Haider
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aqif
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute, Topi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23460, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Hanif
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Nasruulah Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, District Dir Lower, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
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Haruna A, Chong FK, Ho YC, Merican ZMA. Preparation and modification methods of defective titanium dioxide-based nanoparticles for photocatalytic wastewater treatment-a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70706-70745. [PMID: 36044146 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid population growth and industrial expansion worldwide have created serious water contamination concerns. To curb the pollution issue, it has become imperative to use a versatile material for the treatment. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been recognized as the most-studied nanoparticle in various fields of science and engineering due to its availability, low cost, efficiency, and other fascinating properties with a wide range of applications in modern technology. Recent studies revealed the photocatalytic activity of the material for the treatment of industrial effluents to promote environmental sustainability. With the wide band gap energy of 3.2 eV, TiO2 can be activated under UV light; thus, many strategies have been proposed to extend its photoabsorption to the visible light region. In what follows, this has generated increasing attention to study its characteristics and structural modifications in different forms for photocatalytic applications. The present review provides an insight into the understanding of the synthesis methods of TiO2, the current progress in the treatment techniques for the degradation of wide environmental pollutants employing modified TiO2 nanoparticles, and the factors affecting its photocatalytic activities. Further, recent developments in using titania for practical applications, the approach for designing novel nanomaterials, and the prospects and opportunities in this exciting area have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrashid Haruna
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Institute of Autonomous System, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Fai-Kait Chong
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Institute of Autonomous System, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yeek-Chia Ho
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Centre for Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute for Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Merican Aljunid Merican
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Institute of Contaminant Management for Oil & Gas, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
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Haldavnekar R, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. Cancer Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles with Self-Functionalized 3D Nanosensor for Real-Time Cancer Diagnosis: Eliminating the Roadblocks in Liquid Biopsy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12226-12243. [PMID: 35968931 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy for determining the presence of cancer and the underlying tissue of origin is crucial to overcome the limitations of existing tissue biopsy and imaging-based techniques by capturing critical information from the dynamic tumor heterogeneity. A newly emerging liquid biopsy with extracellular vesicles (EVs) is gaining momentum, but its clinical relevance is in question due to the biological and technical challenges posed by existing technologies. The biological barriers of existing technologies include the inability to generate fundamental details of molecular structure, chemical composition as well as functional variations in EVs by gathering simultaneous information on multiple intra-EV molecules, unavailability of holistic qualitative analysis, in addition to the inability to identify tissue of origin. Technological barriers include reliance on EV isolation with a few labeled biomarkers, resulting in the inability to generate comprehensive information on the disease. A more favorable approach would be to generate holistic information on the disease without the use of labels. Such a marker-free diagnosis is impossible with the existing liquid biopsy due to the unavailability clinically validated cancer stem cells (CSC)-specific markers and dependence of existing technologies on EV isolation, undermining the clinical relevance of EV-based liquid biopsy. Here, CSC EVs were employed as an independent liquid biopsy modality. We hypothesize that tracking the signals of CSCs in peripheral blood with CSC EVs will provide a reliable solution for accurate cancer diagnosis, as CSC are the originators of tumor contributing to tumor heterogeneity. We report nanoengineered 3D sensors of extremely small nano-scaled probes self-functionalized for SERS, enabling integrative molecular and functional profiling of otherwise undetectable CSC EVs. A substantially enhanced SERS and ultralow limit of detection (10 EVs per 10 μL) were achieved. This was attributed to the efficient probe-EV interaction due to the 3D networks of nanoprobes, ensuring simultaneous detection of multiple EV signals. We experimentally demonstrate the crucial role of CSC EVs in cancer diagnosis. We then completed a pilot validation of this modality for cancer detection as well as for identification of the tissue of origin. An artificial neural network distinguished cancer from noncancer with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for three hard to detect cancers (breast, lung, and colorectal cancer). Binary classification to distinguish one tissue of origin against all other achieved 100% accuracy, while simultaneous identification of all three tissues of origin with multiclass classification achieved up to 79% accuracy. This noninvasive tool may complement existing cancer diagnostics, treatment monitoring as well as longitudinal disease monitoring by validation with a large cohort of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Haldavnekar
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Bo Tan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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Haldavnekar R, Venkatakrishnan A, Kiani A. Tracking the Evolution of Metastasis with Self-Functionalized 3D Nanoprobes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1633-1647. [PMID: 35316034 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in cancer treatment, metastasis is the cause of mortality in 90% of cancer cases. It has now been well-established that dissemination of cancer cells to distant sites occurs very early during tumorigenesis, resulting in the minimal effect of surgical or chemotherapeutic treatments after the detection of metastasis. The underlying reason for this challenge is mostly due to the limited understanding of molecular mechanisms of the metastasis cascade, particularly related to metastatic traits. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate this currently invisible evolution of metastasis. The tracking of metastasis evolution has not been addressed yet. Here, we introduce, for the first time, a synchronous approach to unveil the molecular mechanisms of the metastasis cascade. As cancer stem cells (CSCs) demonstrate cancer initiation, drug resistance, metastasis, and tumor relapse and can exist in a quasi-intermediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition state, the tumor-initiating events during a CSCs metamorphosis were monitored with single-cell sensitivity. Because of the invasive and resistive properties of the metastable intermediate CSCs, investigation of the molecular profiles of the quasi-intermediate CSCs was necessary for the detection of metastasis dissemination. For this purpose, the ultrasensitive technique of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was adopted. Titanium-based, biocompatible three-dimensional (3D) nanoprobes that were synthesized for multiphoton ionization achieved a substantial SERS enhancement of ∼80-fold due to the oxygen vacancy-enriched composition of the nanoprobes. The 3D interconnected complex nanoarchitecture of the nanoprobes enabled us to entrap the nonadherent CSCs of three metastatic cancer cell lines (triple negative breast adenocarcinoma (MDAMB231), human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma (COLO 205), and cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa)─all very aggressive forms of cancer). The nanoprobes not only promoted the CSC proliferation to successfully attain the quasi-intermediate states but also monitored its reprogramming into a cancer cell state. The nanoprobes substantially amplified weak intracellular Raman signals to capture the molecular events during a CSC transformation. The detection of cancer was achieved with 100% accuracy. We experimentally demonstrated that the molecular signatures of CSC reprogramming are cancer-type specific. This observation enabled us to identify the origin of metastasis with 100% accuracy, providing more clarity on the relatively unknown quasi-intermediate states. This first demonstration of CSC-based tracking of metastasis evolution has the potential to provide an insightful perspective of tumorigenesis that could be useful in cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as in the monitoring of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Haldavnekar
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada.,Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing research facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada.,BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada.,Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Akshay Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A3K7, Canada
| | - Amirkianoosh Kiani
- Silicon Hall: Micro/Nano Manufacturing Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street N, Oshawa, Ontario L1G0C5, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street N, Oshawa, Ontario L1G0C5, Canada
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Feng G, Hu M, Yuan S, Nan J, Zeng H. Hydrogenated Amorphous TiO 2-x and Its High Visible Light Photoactivity. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112801. [PMID: 34835567 PMCID: PMC8625909 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenated crystalline TiO2 with oxygen vacancy (OV) defect has been broadly investigated in recent years. Different from crystalline TiO2, hydrogenated amorphous TiO2−x for advanced photocatalytic applications is scarcely reported. In this work, we prepared hydrogenated amorphous TiO2−x (HA-TiO2−x) using a unique liquid plasma hydrogenation strategy, and demonstrated its highly visible-light photoactivity. Density functional theory combined with comprehensive analyses was to gain fundamental understanding of the correlation among the OV concentration, electronic band structure, photon capturing, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and photocatalytic activity. One important finding was that the narrower the bandgap HA-TiO2−x possessed, the higher photocatalytic efficiency it exhibited. Given the narrow bandgap and extraordinary visible-light absorption, HA-TiO2−x showed excellent visible-light photodegradation in rhodamine B (98.7%), methylene blue (99.85%), and theophylline (99.87) within two hours, as well as long-term stability. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates of rhodamine B, methylene blue, and theophylline were measured to 55%, 61.8%, and 50.7%, respectively, which indicated that HA-TiO2−x exhibited high wastewater purification performance. This study provided a direct and effective hydrogenation method to produce reduced amorphous TiO2−x which has great potential in practical environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (G.F.); (M.H.); (S.Y.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Mengyun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (G.F.); (M.H.); (S.Y.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (G.F.); (M.H.); (S.Y.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Junyi Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Heping Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (G.F.); (M.H.); (S.Y.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan 250101, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhang B, Peng X, Wang Z. Noble Metal-Free TiO 2-Coated Carbon Nitride Layers for Enhanced Visible Light-Driven Photocatalysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E805. [PMID: 32340144 PMCID: PMC7221541 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Composites of g-C3N4/TiO2 were one-step prepared using electron impact with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma as the electron source. Due to the low operation temperature, TiO2 by the plasma method shows higher specific surface area and smaller particle size than that prepared via conventional calcination. Most interestingly, electron impact produces more oxygen vacancy on TiO2, which facilitates the recombination and formation of heterostructure of g-C3N4/TiO2. The composites have higher light absorption capacity and lower charge recombination efficiency. g-C3N4/TiO2 by plasma can produce hydrogen at a rate of 219.9 μmol·g-1·h-1 and completely degrade Rhodamine B (20mg·L-1) in two hours. Its hydrogen production rates were 3 and 1.5 times higher than that by calcination and pure g-C3N4, respectively. Electron impact, ozone and oxygen radical also play key roles in plasma preparation. Plasma has unique advantages in metal oxides defect engineering and the preparation of heterostructured composites with prospective applications as photocatalysts for pollutant degradation and water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (B.Z.); (X.P.)
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