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Li X, Wang S, Guo J, Wu Z, Guo C, Cai S, Deng M. Core-Hole Excitation Spectra of the Oxides and Hydrates of Fullerene C 60 and Azafullerene C 59N. Molecules 2024; 29:609. [PMID: 38338353 PMCID: PMC10856231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction of fullerenes and their derivatives with environmental molecules such as oxygen or water was crucial for the rational design of low-dimensional materials and devices. In this paper, the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shake-up satellites were employed to distinguish the oxides and hydrates of the fullerene C60 and azafullerene C59N families. The study includes various isomers, such as the open [5,6] and closed [6,6] isomers of C60O, C60H(OH), C60-O-C60, C60H-O-C60H, C59N(OH) and C59N-O-C59N, based on density functional theory. These soft X-ray spectra offered comprehensive insights into the molecular orbitals of these azafullerene molecular groups. The oxygen K-edge NEXAFS, carbon and oxygen K-edge XPS shake-up satellite spectra provided valuable tools for distinguishing oxides or hydrates of fullerene C60 and azafullerene C59N. Our findings could significantly benefit the development of fullerene functional molecular materials and expand the application scope of soft X-ray spectroscopy as a molecular fingerprinting tool for the fullerene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.L.); (S.W.)
- School of Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.L.); (S.W.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China;
| | - Jingdong Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China;
| | - Ziye Wu
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Changrui Guo
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Shaohong Cai
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (C.G.)
- Department of Resources and Environment, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China
| | - Mingsen Deng
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (C.G.)
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Socol M, Preda N, Breazu C, Costas A, Rasoga O, Petre G, Popescu-Pelin G, Iftimie S, Stochioiu A, Socol G, Stanculescu A. Macrocyclic Compounds: Metal Oxide Particles Nanocomposite Thin Films Deposited by MAPLE. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2480. [PMID: 36984360 PMCID: PMC10056935 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite films based on macrocyclic compounds (zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl) 21H,23H-porphyrin (TPyP)) and metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO or CuO) were deposited by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). 1,4-dioxane was used as a solvent in the preparation of MAPLE targets that favor the deposition of films with a low roughness, which is a key feature for their integration in structures for optoelectronic applications. The influence of the addition of ZnO nanoparticles (~20 nm in size) or CuO nanoparticles (~5 nm in size) in the ZnPc:TPyP mixture and the impact of the added metal oxide amount on the properties of the obtained composite films were evaluated in comparison to a reference layer based only on an organic blend. Thus, in the case of nanocomposite films, the vibrational fingerprints of both organic compounds were identified in the infrared spectra, their specific strong absorption bands were observed in the UV-Vis spectra, and a quenching of the TPyP emission band was visible in the photoluminescence spectra. The morphological analysis evidenced agglomerated particles on the composite film surface, but their presence has no significant impact on the roughness of the MAPLE deposited layers. The current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics of the structures based on the nanocomposite films deposited by MAPLE revealed the critical role played by the layer composition and component ratio, an improvement in the electrical parameters values being achieved only for the films with a certain type and optimum amount of metal oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Socol
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Preda
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Carmen Breazu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Andreea Costas
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Oana Rasoga
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Gabriela Petre
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Gianina Popescu-Pelin
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Sorina Iftimie
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Andrei Stochioiu
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Gabriel Socol
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Anca Stanculescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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Atta-Eyison AA, Anukwah GD, Zugle R. Photocatalysis using zinc oxide-zinc phthalocyanine composite for effective mineralization of organic pollutants. CATAL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2021.106357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Socol M, Preda N. Hybrid Nanocomposite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1117. [PMID: 33925952 PMCID: PMC8145415 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuing growth in global energy consumption and the growing concerns regarding climate change and environmental pollution are the strongest drivers of renewable energy deployment. Solar energy is the most abundant and cleanest renewable energy source available. Nowadays, photovoltaic technologies can be regarded as viable pathways to provide sustainable energy generation, the achievement attained in designing nanomaterials with tunable properties and the progress made in the production processes having a major impact in their development. Solar cells involving hybrid nanocomposite layers have, lately, received extensive research attention due to the possibility to combine the advantages derived from the properties of both components: flexibility and processability from the organic part and stability and optoelectronics features from the inorganic part. Thus, this review provides a synopsis on hybrid solar cells developed in the last decade which involve composite layers deposited by spin-coating, the most used deposition method, and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation, a relatively new deposition technique. The overview is focused on the hybrid nanocomposite films that can use conducting polymers and metal phthalocyanines as p-type materials, fullerene derivatives and non-fullerene compounds as n-type materials, and semiconductor nanostructures based on metal oxide, chalcogenides, and silicon. A survey regarding the influence of various factors on the hybrid solar cell efficiency is given in order to identify new strategies for enhancing the device performance in the upcoming years.
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Prepelita P, Garoi F, Craciun V. Structural and optical characteristics determined by the sputtering deposition conditions of oxide thin films. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:354-365. [PMID: 33968560 PMCID: PMC8077636 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The influence of film thickness on the structural and optical properties of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on quartz substrates was investigated. The deposition conditions were optimized to achieve stoichiometric thin films. The orientation of crystallites, structure, and composition were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while the surface topography of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical characteristics were measured for samples with the same composition but obtained with different deposition parameters, such as increasing thickness. The optical constants (i.e., the refractive index n, the extinction coefficient k, and the absorption coefficient α) of the SiO2 and ZnO oxide films were determined from the transmission spectra recorded in the range of 190-2500 nm by using the Swanepoel method, while the energy bandgap was calculated from the absorption spectra. The influence of thickness on the structural and optical properties of the oxide films was investigated. Good optical quality and performance were noticed, which makes these thin films worthy of integration into metamaterial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronela Prepelita
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, PO Box MG-36, Magurele 077125, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Florin Garoi
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, PO Box MG-36, Magurele 077125, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Valentin Craciun
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, PO Box MG-36, Magurele 077125, Ilfov, Romania
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