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Li W, Gan Y, Li Y, Li S, Liang J, Fan W, Yu Z, Li Y, Ding Y, Xiao Z, Zhou J. Enhancing propellant performance through intermolecular interactions: cyclodextrin-based MOF loading in nitrocellulose. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29201-29210. [PMID: 37872864 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer promising opportunities for modifying energetic materials due to their micro-porous structure and high performance. In this study, we present a novel green MOF named cyclodextrin-MOF (CD-MOF), which incorporates potassium ions, synthesized using a simple methanol vapor diffusion approach. The CD-MOF incorporates potassium ions and enhances propellant performance through intermolecular force optimization with nitrocellulose (NC). Molecular dynamics simulations reveal stronger interactions between the CD-MOF and NC. The loading of the CD-MOF within NC forms a stable structure with resistance to migration and defense against crystalline precipitation and water absorption. Notably, in static combustion and pyrolysis tests, the CD-MOF exhibits efficient flame and flash inhibition. The thermal degradation and cauterization of the CD-MOF resulted in the formation of a complex microporous material capable of absorbing flammable and harmful gases such as CO, NO, NO2, and N2O. These findings shed light on the superior performance of the CD-MOF compared to conventional inorganic salts, and the comprehensive characterization and molecular simulations provide insights into the unique properties and applications of the CD-MOF, emphasizing its significant contribution to the field of green propellants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuanqi Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiying Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jinghao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenhao Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zichun Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yichang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yajun Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhongliang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Thermal decomposition behavior and kinetic study of nitrocellulose in presence of ternary nanothermites with different oxidizers. FIREPHYSCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
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Jiang H, Wang X, Yu J, Zhou W, Zhao S, Xu S, Zhao F. Size, Morphology and Crystallinity Control Strategy of Ultrafine HMX by Microfluidic Platform. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:464. [PMID: 36770425 PMCID: PMC9921854 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure has a great influence on mechanical sensitivity and detonation performance of energetic materials. An efficient microfluidic platform was applied for size, morphology, and crystallinity controllable preparation of ultrafine HMX. The microfluidic platform has good mixing performance, quick response, and less reagent consumption. The ultrafine γ-HMX was first prepared at room temperature by microfluidic strategy, and the crystal type can be controlled accurately by adjusting the process parameters. With the increase in flow ratio, the particle size decreases gradually, and the crystal type changed from β-HMX to γ-HMX. Thermal behavior of ultrafine HMX shows that γ→δ is easier than β→δ, and the phase stability of HMX is β > γ > δ. Furthermore, the ultrafine β-HMX has higher thermal stability and energy release efficiency than that of raw HMX. The ultrafine HMX prepared by microfluidic not only has uniform morphology and narrow particle size distribution, but also exhibits high density and low sensitivity. This study provides a safe, facile, and efficient way of controlling particle size, morphology, and crystallinity of ultrafine HMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Jiang
- Missile Engineering College, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an 710025, China
- Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Missile Engineering College, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an 710025, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Missile Engineering College, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an 710025, China
| | - Shuangfei Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Siyu Xu
- Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
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Unraveling the Effect of MgAl/CuO Nanothermite on the Characteristics and Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Nanoenergetic Formulation Based on Nanostructured Nitrocellulose and Hydrazinium Nitro-Triazolone. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to develop new energetic composites containing nanostructured nitrocellulose (NNC) or nitrated cellulose (NC), hydrazinium nitro triazolone (HNTO), and MgAl-CuO nanothermite. The prepared energetic formulations (NC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO and NNC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO) were analyzed using various analytical techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The outstanding catalytic impact of MgAl-CuO on the thermal behavior of the developed energetic composites was elucidated by kinetic modeling, applied to the DSC data using isoconversional kinetic methods, for which a considerable drop in the activation energy was acquired for the prepared formulations, highlighting the catalytic influence of the introduced MgAl-CuO nanothermite. Overall, the obtained findings demonstrated that the newly elaborated NC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO and NNC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO composites could serve as promising candidates for application in the next generation of composite explosives and high-performance propellants.
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Polis M, Stolarczyk A, Glosz K, Jarosz T. Quo Vadis, Nanothermite? A Review of Recent Progress. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093215. [PMID: 35591548 PMCID: PMC9105280 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
One of the groups of pyrotechnic compositions is thermite compositions, so-called thermites, which consist of an oxidant, usually in the form of a metal oxide or salt, and a free metal, which is the fuel. A characteristic feature of termite combustion reactions, apart from their extremely high exothermicity, is that they proceed, for the most part, in liquid and solid phases. Nanothermites are compositions, which include at least one component whose particles size is on the order of nanometers. The properties of nanothermites, such as high linear burning velocities, high reaction heats, high sensitivity to stimuli, low ignition temperature, ability to create hybrid compositions with other high-energy materials allow for a wide range of applications. Among the applications of nanothermites, one should mention igniters, detonators, microdetonators, micromotors, detectors, elements of detonation chain or elements allowing self-destruction of systems (e.g., microchips). The aim of this work is to discuss the preparation methods, research methods, direction of the future development, eventual challenges or problems and to highlight the applications and emerging novel avenues of use of these compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Polis
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Explosive Techniques Research Group, 42-693 Krupski Młyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (T.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Stolarczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Karolina Glosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.S.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (T.J.)
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Tarchoun AF, Trache D, Klapötke TM, Slimani K, Belouettar B, Abdelaziz A, Bekhouche S, Bessa W. Valorization of Esparto Grass Cellulosic Derivatives for the Development of Promising Energetic Azidodeoxy Biopolymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Isoconversional Thermal Kinetic Analysis. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun
- Energetic Materials Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
- Energetic Propulsion Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Djalal Trache
- Energetic Materials Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig Maximilian University Butenandtstrasse 5–13 (D) D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Kheireddine Slimani
- Energetic Materials Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Baha‐eddine Belouettar
- Energetic Materials Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Amir Abdelaziz
- Energetic Materials Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Slimane Bekhouche
- Energetic Materials Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Wissam Bessa
- Energetic Materials Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
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Li ZP, Jiang JC, Huang AC, Tang Y, Miao CF, Zhai J, Huang CF, Xing ZX, Shu CM. Thermal hazard evaluation on spontaneous combustion characteristics of nitrocellulose solution under different atmospheric conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24053. [PMID: 34912019 PMCID: PMC8674321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrocellulose (NC) is widely used in both military and civilian fields. Because of its high chemical sensitivity and low decomposition temperature, NC is prone to spontaneous combustion. Due to the dangerous properties of NC, it is often dissolved in other organic solvents, then stored and transported in the form of a solution. Therefore, this paper took NC solutions (NC-S) with different concentrations as research objects. Under different atmospheric conditions, a series of thermal analysis experiments and different reaction kinetic methods investigated the influence of solution concentration and oxygen concentration on NC-S’s thermal stability. The variation rules of NC-S’s thermodynamic parameters with solution and oxygen concentrations were explored. On this basis, the spontaneous combustion characteristics of NC-S under actual industrial conditions were summarized to put forward the theoretical guidance for the spontaneous combustion treatment together with the safety in production, transportation, and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Li
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Jiang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China.
| | - An-Chi Huang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Miao
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhai
- Department of Civil Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Chung-Fu Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xing
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi-Min Shu
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC.
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Nanoenergetic Materials: Preparation, Properties, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122347. [PMID: 33256035 PMCID: PMC7759926 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Warren LR, Wang Z, Pulham CR, Morrison CA. A Review of the Catalytic Effects of Lead‐Based Ballistic Modifiers on the Combustion Chemistry of Double Base Propellants. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisette R. Warren
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Zixuan Wang
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Colin R. Pulham
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Carole A. Morrison
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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