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Marini E, De Bernardi A, Tagliabue F, Casucci C, Tiano L, Marcheggiani F, Vaccari F, Taskin E, Puglisi E, Brunetti G, Vischetti C. Copper toxicity on Eisenia fetida in a vineyard soil: a combined study with standard tests, genotoxicity assessment and gut metagenomic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13141-13154. [PMID: 38240981 PMCID: PMC10881645 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) toxicity is a pressing concern for several soils, especially in organic viticulture. The objective of this work was to assess Cu toxicity on the non-target organism Eisenia fetida, employing both traditional and novel tools for early identification of Cu-induced damages. In addition to traditional tests like avoidance and reproductive toxicity experiments, other tests such as the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and gut microbiome analysis were evaluated to identify early and more sensitive pollution biomarkers. Four sub-lethal Cu concentrations were studied, and the results showed strong dose-dependent responses by the earthworm avoidance test and the exceeding of habitat threshold limit at the higher Cu doses. An inverse proportionality was observed between reproductive output and soil Cu concentration. Bioaccumulation was not detected in earthworms; soil concentrations of potentially bioavailable Cu were not affected by E. fetida presence or by time. On the contrary, the SCGE test revealed dose-dependent genotoxicity for the 'tail length' parameter already at the second day of Cu exposition. Gut microbiome analysis a modulation of microbial composition, with the most aboundant families being Pectobateriaceae, Comamonadaceae and Microscillaceae. Bacillaceae increased over time and showed adaptability to copper up to 165 mg/kg, while at the highest dose even the sensitive Acetobacteriaceae family was affected. The research provided new insights into the ecotoxicity of Cu sub-lethal doses highlighting both alterations at earthworms' cellular level and changes in their gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Marini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna De Bernardi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesca Tagliabue
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiano Casucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Filippo Vaccari
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Eren Taskin
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gianluca Brunetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, SA5095, Australia
| | - Costantino Vischetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
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Zhang C, Yang X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Yao M, Zhu L, Gao P, Wang Z. Co-exposure effects of butyl benzyl phthalate and TiO 2 nanomaterials (anatase) on Metaphire guillelmi gut health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167036. [PMID: 37709098 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and TiO2 nanomaterials (nTiO2) are commonly used as plastic additives, nano-fertilizers or nano-pesticides. Their excessive co-applications led to the co-occurrence, which can induce damage to soil organisms such as Metaphire guillelmi (an earthworm widespread in farmland). However, the co-exposure effects of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP, a typical PAEs) and nTiO2 on Metaphire guillelmi at environmental-relevant concentrations remain unclear. In this study, 1 mg kg-1 BBP and 1 mg kg-1 nTiO2 (anatase) were added into the soil to assess: (1) their effects on oxidative damage, digestive system, and neurotoxicity in Metaphire guillelmi gut on days 14 and 28; and (2) whether BBP and nTiO2 affected Metaphire guillelmi gut health by disrupting intestinal microorganisms. The results demonstrated that BBP and nTiO2 had the potential to inhibit the activity of superoxide dismutase, cellulase, protease, Na+K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase, as well as cause oxidative damage by altering intestinal bacteria such as Marmoricola and Microvirga at genus levels after 28 d-exposure. However, the exposure did not cause disorders of the intestinal bacteria. The present study provides more evidence for the sustainable application and scientific management of BBP and nTiO2, thus providing better guidance for PAEs and engineered nanomaterials regulations in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhangjia Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yinglin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Mengyao Yao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215009, China.
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3
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Wang J, Deng J, Chen Z, Zhang L, Shi L, Zhang X, Shen Z, Chen Y. Effects of biochar on earthworms during remediation of potentially toxic elements contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139487. [PMID: 37478983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of biochar for soil remediation and improvement, its effects on soil organisms are receiving increased attention. The impacts of biochar on earthworms are still poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the potential ecotoxicity of rice husk biochar (RB) and sludge biochar (SB) on earthworms during potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contaminated soil remediation. The results showed that high rates of RB addition (5% and 10%) caused earthworm mortality, but SB addition did not affect earthworm survival. When added at non-lethal rates (3%), RB and SB addition did not affect survival, weight loss, and PTEs accumulation of earthworms, while resulting in apparent avoidance behavior and oxidative stress response. Among them, RB addition was more likely to cause avoidance behavior, while SB addition had a more pronounced stress effect on earthworms. Additionally, the bacterial communities in the earthworm gut were more sensitive to biochar addition than those in soil. SB addition had a greater impact on earthworm gut bacterial communities than RB addition. The addition of RB and SB increased the abundance of Bacillaceae while decreasing the abundance of Rhizobiaceae in the earthworm gut. This change in the composition of bacterial community may impact the nitrogen cycle and organic matter degradation functions of earthworms. The study suggests that RB and SB may have different effects on earthworms during PTEs-contaminated soil remediation, depending on their properties. It will assist us to understand the potential ecotoxicity of biochar and provide several guidance for its safe application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jia Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zanming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Long Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Boraschi D, Canesi L, Drobne D, Kemmerling B, Pinsino A, Prochazkova P. Interaction between nanomaterials and the innate immune system across evolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:747-774. [PMID: 36639936 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with the immune system mainly occurs with cells and molecules of innate immunity, which are present in interface tissues of living organisms. Immuno-nanotoxicological studies aim at understanding if and when such interaction is inconsequential or may cause irreparable damage. Since innate immunity is the first line of immune reactivity towards exogenous agents and is highly conserved throughout evolution, this review focuses on the major effector cells of innate immunity, the phagocytes, and their major sensing receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), for assessing the modes of successful versus pathological interaction between ENMs and host defences. By comparing the phagocyte- and TLR-dependent responses to ENMs in plants, molluscs, annelids, crustaceans, echinoderms and mammals, we aim to highlight common recognition and elimination mechanisms and the general sufficiency of innate immunity for maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boraschi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), 1068 Xueyuan Blvd, 518071, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80132, Napoli, Italy.,China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation (SIAT, CNR, SZN), Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000, Ljubliana, Slovenia
| | - Birgit Kemmerling
- ZMBP - Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
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Masri A, Brown DM, Smith DGE, Stone V, Johnston HJ. Comparison of In Vitro Approaches to Assess the Antibacterial Effects of Nanomaterials. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:255. [PMID: 36412895 PMCID: PMC9703965 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of nanomaterials (NMs) can be exploited in a range of consumer products (e.g., wound dressings, food packaging, textiles, medicines). There is also interest in the exploitation of NMs as treatments for infectious diseases to help combat antibiotic resistance. Whilst the antibacterial activity of NMs has been assessed in vitro and in vivo in numerous studies, the methodology used is very varied. Indeed, while numerous approaches are available to assess the antibacterial effect of NMs in vitro, they have not yet been systematically assessed for their suitability and sensitivity for testing NMs. It is therefore timely to consider what assays should be prioritised to screen the antibacterial properties of NMs. The majority of existing in vitro studies have focused on investigating the antibacterial effects exhibited by silver (Ag) NMs and have employed a limited range of assays. We therefore compared the antibacterial effects of copper oxide (CuO) NMs to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis at various concentrations (12.5-200 µg/mL) using a battery of tests (well and disc diffusion, plate counts-time-kill method, optical density measurement-OD, Alamar Blue and live/dead viability assays, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction). CuO NMs were most toxic to B. subtilis and E. coli, while P. aeruginosa was the least sensitive strain. All assays employed detected the antibacterial activity of CuO NMs; however, they varied in their sensitivity, time, cost, technical difficulty and requirement for specialized equipment. In the future, we suggest that a combination of approaches is used to provide a robust assessment of the antibacterial activity of NMs. In particular, we recommend that the time-kill and OD assays are prioritised due to their greater sensitivity. We also suggest that standard operating protocols are developed so that the antibacterial activity of NMs can be assessed using a harmonised approach.
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6
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Boraschi D. An Evolutionary and Environmental Perspective of the Interaction of Nanomaterials with the Immune System. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060957. [PMID: 35335770 PMCID: PMC8949029 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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7
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Veltman B, Harpaz D, Cohen Y, Poverenov E, Eltzov E. Characterization of the selective binding of modified chitosan nanoparticles to Gram-negative bacteria strains. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:666-675. [PMID: 34822835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a nature-sourced polysaccharide widely used in numerous applications. The antibacterial potential of chitosan has attracted researchers to further develop and utilize this polymer for the formation of biocompatible antibacterial agents for both the food and healthcare industries. The tested hypothesis in this study is that modified N-alkylaminated chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have selective binding properties to Gram-negative bacteria strains that result in bacterial aggregation. Various bacterial strains were tested of five Gram-negative bacteria including Erwinia carotovora, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, and Serratia marcescens, as well as three Gram-positive bacteria strains including Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus subtilis. The fluorescence microscopy characterization showed that the presence of CNPs caused the aggregation of Escherichia coli bacteria cells, where modified CNPs with a shorter chain length of the substituent caused a higher aggregation effect. Moreover, it was found that the CNPs exhibited a selective binding behavior to Gram-negative as compared to Gram-positive bacteria strains, mainly to Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Also, the scanning electron microscopy characterization showed that CNPs exhibited selective binding to Gram-negative bacteria, which was especially understood when both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria strains were within the same sample. In addition, the bacterial viability assay suggests that CNPs with a lower degree of substitution have a higher inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. CNPs with longer side chains had a less inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth of Gram-negative strains, where a concentration-dependent response pattern was only seen for the cases of Gram-negative strains, and not for the case of Gram-positive strain. To conclude, the further understanding of the selective binding of CNPs to Gram-negative bacteria strains may produce new opportunities for the discovery and characterization of effective antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Veltman
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Yael Cohen
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Elena Poverenov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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8
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Tang M, Li S, Wei L, Hou Z, Qu J, Li L. Do Engineered Nanomaterials Affect Immune Responses by Interacting With Gut Microbiota? Front Immunol 2021; 12:684605. [PMID: 34594323 PMCID: PMC8476765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been widely exploited in several industrial domains as well as our daily life, raising concern over their potential adverse effects. While in general ENMs do not seem to have detrimental effects on immunity or induce severe inflammation, their indirect effects on immunity are less known. In particular, since the gut microbiota has been tightly associated with human health and immunity, it is possible that ingested ENMs could affect intestinal immunity indirectly by modulating the microbial community composition and functions. In this perspective, we provide a few pieces of evidence and discuss a possible link connecting ENM exposure, gut microbiota and host immune response. Some experimental works suggest that excessive exposure to ENMs could reshape the gut microbiota, thereby modulating the epithelium integrity and the inflammatory state in the intestine. Within such microenvironment, numerous microbiota-derived components, including but not limited to SCFAs and LPS, may serve as important effectors responsible of the ENM effect on intestinal immunity. Therefore, the gut microbiota is implicated as a crucial regulator of the intestinal immunity upon ENM exposure. This calls for including gut microbiota analysis within future work to assess ENM biocompatibility and immunosafety. This also calls for refinement of future studies that should be designed more elaborately and realistically to mimic the human exposure situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Tang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhaohua Hou
- Department of Surgery, Sloan Kettering Institute Z427-D, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Research Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Swartzwelter BJ, Mayall C, Alijagic A, Barbero F, Ferrari E, Hernadi S, Michelini S, Navarro Pacheco NI, Prinelli A, Swart E, Auguste M. Cross-Species Comparisons of Nanoparticle Interactions with Innate Immune Systems: A Methodological Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1528. [PMID: 34207693 PMCID: PMC8230276 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many components of the innate immune system are evolutionarily conserved and shared across many living organisms, from plants and invertebrates to humans. Therefore, these shared features can allow the comparative study of potentially dangerous substances, such as engineered nanoparticles (NPs). However, differences of methodology and procedure between diverse species and models make comparison of innate immune responses to NPs between organisms difficult in many cases. To this aim, this review provides an overview of suitable methods and assays that can be used to measure NP immune interactions across species in a multidisciplinary approach. The first part of this review describes the main innate immune defense characteristics of the selected models that can be associated to NPs exposure. In the second part, the different modes of exposure to NPs across models (considering isolated cells or whole organisms) and the main endpoints measured are discussed. In this synergistic perspective, we provide an overview of the current state of important cross-disciplinary immunological models to study NP-immune interactions and identify future research needs. As such, this paper could be used as a methodological reference point for future nano-immunosafety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Mayall
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Liubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Institut Català de Nanosciència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eleonora Ferrari
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology–ZMBP Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Szabolcs Hernadi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK;
| | - Sara Michelini
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | | | | | - Elmer Swart
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK;
| | - Manon Auguste
- Department of Earth Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
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10
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Fischer J, Evlanova A, Philippe A, Filser J. Soil properties can evoke toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles towards springtails at low concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116084. [PMID: 33246757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) are used as an efficient alternative to conventional Cu in agriculture and might end up in soils. They show a high toxicity towards cells and microorganisms, but only low toxicity towards soil invertebrates. However, most existing soil ecotoxicological studies were conducted in a sandy reference soil and at test concentrations ≥100 mg Cu/kg soil. Therefore, there is a knowledge gap concerning the effect of soil texture on the toxicity of CuO-NP at lower, more realistic test concentrations. In our study, a sandy reference soil and three loamy soils were spiked with CuO-NP at up to four concentrations, ranging from 5 to 158 mg Cu/kg. We investigated 28-day reproduction as well as weight and Cu content after 14-day bioaccumulation and subsequent 14-day elimination for the springtail Folsomia candida. For the first time we analysed the size distribution of CuO-NP in aqueous test soil extracts by single particle-ICP-MS which revealed that the diameter of CuO-NP significantly increased with increasing concentration, but did not vary between test soils. Negative effects on reproduction were only observed in loamy soils, most pronounced in a loamy-acidic soil (-61%), and they were always strongest at the lowest test concentration. The observed effects were much stronger than reported by other studies performed with sandy soils and higher CuO-NP concentrations. In the same soil and concentration, a moderate impact on growth (-28%) was observed, while Cu elimination from springtails was inhibited. Rather than Cu body concentration, the diameter of the CuO-NP taken up, as well as NP-clay interactions might play a crucial role regarding their toxicity. Our study reports for the first time toxic effects of CuO-NP towards a soil invertebrate at a low, realistic concentration range. The results strongly suggest including lower test concentrations and a range of soil types in nanotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fischer
- University of Bremen, UFT, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Anna Evlanova
- University of Bremen, UFT, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Allan Philippe
- IES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Juliane Filser
- University of Bremen, UFT, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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11
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The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249695. [PMID: 33353206 PMCID: PMC7766945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system evolved to detect and react against potential dangers such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental particles. The advent of modern technology has exposed innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, to a relatively novel type of particulate matter, i.e., engineered nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are not inherently pathogenic, and yet cases have been described in which specific nanoparticle types can either induce innate/inflammatory responses or modulate the activity of activated innate cells. Many of these studies rely upon activation by agonists of toll-like receptors, such as lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan, instead of the more realistic stimulation by whole live organisms. In this review we examine and discuss the effects of nanoparticles on innate immune cells activated by live bacteria. We focus in particular on how nanoparticles may interfere with bacterial processes in the context of innate activation, and confine our scope to the effects due to particles themselves, rather than to molecules adsorbed on the particle surface. Finally, we examine the long-lasting consequences of coexposure to nanoparticles and bacteria, in terms of potential microbiome alterations and innate immune memory, and address nanoparticle-based vaccine strategies against bacterial infection.
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