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Jain K, Takuli A, Gupta TK, Gupta D. Rethinking Nanoparticle Synthesis: A Sustainable Approach vs. Traditional Methods. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400701. [PMID: 39126206 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This review portrays a comparison between green protocols and conventional nanoparticle (NP) synthesis strategies, highlighting each method's advantages and limitations. Various top-down and bottom-up methods in NP synthesis are described in detail. The green chemistry principles are emphasized for designing safe processes for nanomaterial synthesis. Among the green biogenic sources plant extracts, vitamins, enzymes, polysaccharides, fungi (Molds and mushrooms), bacteria, yeast, algae, and lichens are discussed. Limitations in the reproducibility of green protocols in terms of availability of raw material, variation in synthetic protocol, and selection of material due to geographical differences are elaborated. Finally, a conclusion is drawn utilizing green chemical principles, & a circular economy strategy to minimize waste generation, offering a promising framework for the synthesis of NPs emphasizing sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Jain
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Anshika Takuli
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Tejendra K Gupta
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Deepshikha Gupta
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
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Phytochemical-Based Nanomaterials against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: An Updated Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061392. [PMID: 36987172 PMCID: PMC10058650 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is a growing global health threat, leading to the search for alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections. Phytochemicals, which are naturally occurring compounds found in plants, have shown potential as antimicrobial agents; however, therapy with these agents has certain limitations. The use of nanotechnology combined with antibacterial phytochemicals could help achieve greater antibacterial capacity against ARB by providing improved mechanical, physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, bioavailability, morphological or release properties. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the current state of research on the use of phytochemical-based nanomaterials for the treatment against ARB, with a special focus on polymeric nanofibers and nanoparticles. The review discusses the various types of phytochemicals that have been incorporated into different nanomaterials, the methods used to synthesize these materials, and the results of studies evaluating their antimicrobial activity. The challenges and limitations of using phytochemical-based nanomaterials, as well as future directions for research in this field, are also considered here. Overall, this review highlights the potential of phytochemical-based nanomaterials as a promising strategy for the treatment against ARB, but also stresses the need for further studies to fully understand their mechanisms of action and optimize their use in clinical settings.
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Asri NAN, Mahat MM, Zakaria A, Safian MF, Abd Hamid UM. Fabrication Methods of Electroactive Scaffold-Based Conducting Polymers for Tissue Engineering Application: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:876696. [PMID: 35875482 PMCID: PMC9300926 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.876696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive scaffolds, defined as scaffold systems capable of carrying electric current, have been extensively researched for tissue engineering applications. Conducting polymers (CPs) as components of conductive scaffolds was introduced to improve morphology or cell attachment, conductivity, tissue growth, and healing rate, all of which are beneficial for cardiac, muscle, nerve, and bone tissue management. Conductive scaffolds have become an alternative for tissue replacement, and repair, as well as to compensate for the global organ shortage for transplantation. Previous researchers have presented a wide range of fabrication methods for conductive scaffolds. This review highlights the most recent advances in developing conductive scaffolds, with the aim to trigger more theoretical and experimental work to address the challenges and prospects of these new fabrication techniques in medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ain Najihah Asri
- School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Muzamir Mahat
- School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Mohd Muzamir Mahat, ; Azlan Zakaria, ; Muhd Fauzi Safian, ; Umi Marshida Abd Hamid,
| | - Azlan Zakaria
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Mohd Muzamir Mahat, ; Azlan Zakaria, ; Muhd Fauzi Safian, ; Umi Marshida Abd Hamid,
| | - Muhd Fauzi Safian
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Mohd Muzamir Mahat, ; Azlan Zakaria, ; Muhd Fauzi Safian, ; Umi Marshida Abd Hamid,
| | - Umi Marshida Abd Hamid
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Mohd Muzamir Mahat, ; Azlan Zakaria, ; Muhd Fauzi Safian, ; Umi Marshida Abd Hamid,
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The Functional and Application Possibilities of Starch/Chitosan Polymer Composites Modified by Graphene Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115956. [PMID: 35682636 PMCID: PMC9180379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes functional properties of bionanocomposites consisting of starch/chitosan/graphene oxide (GO) obtained using the green synthesis method, such as water-barrier and optical properties, as well as the rate of degradation by enzymatic and acid hydrolysis. The toxicity of the composites and their effects on the development of pathogenic microflora during storage of meat food products was also investigated. Although the results showed that the barrier properties of the composites were weak, they were similar to those of biological systems. The studies carried out confirmed the good optical properties of the composites containing chitosan, which makes it possible to use them as active elements of packaging. The susceptibility of starch and chitosan films to enzymatic and acid hydrolyses indicates their relatively high biodegradability. The lack of toxicity and the high barrier against many microorganisms offer great potential for applications in the food industry.
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Leena MM, Yoha KS, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Electrospun nanofibrous membrane for filtration of coconut neera. NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021. [PMCID: PMC8062614 DOI: 10.1007/s41204-021-00116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coconut neera is a nutritious natural drink that is rich in amino acids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. Nevertheless, the inherent presence of yeast activates natural fermentation. To prevent the fermentation process, it is necessary to reduce the yeast load in fresh neera, at the earliest possible. In this research, an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibrous membrane was used for the removal of yeast from coconut neera. Randomly oriented non-woven nanofibers were fabricated using the electrospinning process. The process conditions were optimized at 15 kV applied voltage, 8 cm distance between the spinneret needle and the collector plate, and 1.6 ml/h feed flow rate for the best nanofiber characteristics and high filtration efficiency. The optimized nanofibrous membrane for neera filtration had an average fiber diameter of 942 nm, average porosity of 73.26%, and a mean thickness of 150 µm. Results confirmed that the porosity of the membrane had a significant effect on the flow rate of permeate. The biochemical characteristics of neera filtrate were investigated. In comparison with fresh neera, the filtered counterpart had significant changes in titratable acidity, pH, and color. While no significant changes were observed in total soluble solids content, slight reductions were noted in the total polyphenolic content and minerals. Importantly, the neera filtrate obtained through the optimized nanofibrous membrane showed a 2 log-reduction in yeast load. The effective reusability of the membrane and stability of the nanofiber morphology at repeated usage was confirmed. This approach shows prospects for neera filtration while retaining nutrient content and can be extended to other natural extract applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Maria Leena
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 005 India
| | - K. S. Yoha
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 005 India
| | - J. A. Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 005 India
| | - C. Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 005 India
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Designing of Nanomaterials-Based Enzymatic Biosensors: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the many biological entities employed in the development of biosensors, enzymes have attracted the most attention. Nanotechnology has been fostering excellent prospects in the development of enzymatic biosensors, since enzyme immobilization onto conductive nanostructures can improve characteristics that are crucial in biosensor transduction, such as surface-to-volume ratio, signal response, selectivity, sensitivity, conductivity, and biocatalytic activity, among others. These and other advantages of nanomaterial-based enzymatic biosensors are discussed in this work via the compilation of several reports on their applications in different industrial segments. To provide detailed insights into the state of the art of this technology, all the relevant concepts around the topic are discussed, including the properties of enzymes, the mechanisms involved in their immobilization, and the application of different enzyme-derived biosensors and nanomaterials. Finally, there is a discussion around the pressing challenges in this technology, which will be useful for guiding the development of future research in the area.
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