Highly Efficient Antimicrobial Activity of CuxFeyOz Nanoparticles against Important Human Pathogens

Exploration of Metal-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as an Antimicrobial Agent: A Comprehensive Review

Over the past two decades, nanotechnology has captured significant interest, especially in the medical field, where the unique characteristics of nanoscale particles offer substantial advantages. The family of nanosized materials, specifically iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), has emerged as promising due to their magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and substantial surface area for therapeutic molecule attachment. The review explores various strategies to enhance the antibacterial properties of IONPs, such as metal doping, which modifies their physicochemical, biological, electrical, and optical properties. Metal-doped IONPs, including those with nickel, copper, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, gold, and others, have shown that they effectively eradicate viruses and bacteria. The mechanisms behind their enhanced antibacterial activity involve generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting antibiotic-resistant genes, disrupting cell walls and DNA, dysfunction of efflux pumps, and internalizing nanoparticles. The review also addresses the potential toxicity of IONPs, highlighting factors such as their dimension, form, and outermost layers, which change how they affect the overall condition of cellular structures. Surface coatings using polymers and essential oils are among the strategies being investigated as potential ways to reduce toxicity. This review additionally looks into IONPs' drug delivery potential for antibiotics and antifungals. The integration of IONPs with various pharmaceutical compounds and their controlled release mechanisms are also detailed. The review concludes by offering a positive outlook on the potential enhancements and prospects of IONPs. Challenges in synthesis technologies, size tuning, and surface alteration are acknowledged, emphasizing the need for continued research to fully harness the capabilities of IONPs in biomedical applications.

The Promise of Metal-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agent

Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is one of the pressing global public health concerns and projections indicate a potential 10 million fatalities by the year 2050. The decreasing effectiveness of commercially available antibiotics due to the drug resistance phenomenon has spurred research efforts to develop potent and safe antimicrobial agents. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), especially when doped with metals, have emerged as a promising avenue for combating microbial infections. Like IONPs, the antimicrobial activities of doped-IONPs are also linked to their surface charge, size, and shape. Doping metals on nanoparticles can alter the size and magnetic properties by reducing the energy band gap and combining electronic charges with spins. Furthermore, smaller metal-doped nanoparticles tend to exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activity due to their higher surface-to-volume ratio, facilitating greater interaction with bacterial cells. Moreover, metal doping can also lead to increased charge density in magnetic nanoparticles and thereby elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These ROS play a vital role to disrupt bacterial cell membrane, proteins, or nucleic acids. In this review, we compared the antimicrobial activities of different doped-IONPs, elucidated their mechanism(s), and put forth opinions for improved biocompatibility.

Green synthesis of biocompatible Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles using Citrus Sinensis peels extract for their biological activities and magnetic- hyperthermia applications.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3010022/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0]

Plants include active chemicals known as phytochemicals and biomolecules that serve as decreasing and biostability factors for nanoparticle (NP) creation. Citrus Sinensis peels are rich in phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidants, and biophysical benefits. Herein, we prepared superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) by co-precipitation using Citrus Sinensis peel extract as a novel green synthesis method. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, dye degradation activities, and antimicrobial activities of Fe3O4 MNPs were investigated. Furthermore, the produced materials were characterized using FTIR, UV, TEM, VSM, and XRD analysis. The Fe3O4 MNPs showed higher antibacterial activities against multi antibiotic resistant bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. The sample has generated a lot of attention in the scientific community for magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) applications. The maximum value of the specific absorption rate (SAR) was evaluated at sample concentrations of 10mg under the magnetic field condition. Additionally, these newly fabricated SPIONs virtually achieve significant execution under the alternating magnetic field (AMF) in fluid HT and are suitable for biomedical applications.