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Fromme T, Reichenberger S, Tibbetts KM, Barcikowski S. Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents - products, reactions, and perspectives. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:638-663. [PMID: 38887526 PMCID: PMC11181208 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) is an established method for producing functional and durable nanomaterials and catalysts in virtually any liquid of choice. While the redox reactions during laser synthesis in water are fairly well understood, the corresponding reactions in organic liquids remain elusive, particularly because of the much greater complexity of carbon chemistry. To this end, this article first reviews the knowledge base of chemical reactions during LSPC and then deduces identifiable reaction pathways and mechanisms. This review also includes findings that are specific to the LSPC method variants laser ablation (LAL), fragmentation (LFL), melting (LML), and reduction (LRL) in organic liquids. A particular focus will be set on permanent gases, liquid hydrocarbons, and solid, carbonaceous species generated, including the formation of doped, compounded, and encapsulated nanoparticles. It will be shown how the choice of solvent, synthesis method, and laser parameters influence the nanostructure formation as well as the amount and chain length of the generated polyyne by-products. Finally, theoretical approaches to address the mechanisms of organic liquid decomposition and carbon shell formation are highlighted and discussed regarding current challenges and future perspectives of LSPC using organic liquids instead of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Fromme
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Reichenberger
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Katharine M Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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2
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Khairani IY, Lin Q, Landers J, Salamon S, Doñate-Buendía C, Karapetrova E, Wende H, Zangari G, Gökce B. Solvent Influence on the Magnetization and Phase of Fe-Ni Alloy Nanoparticles Generated by Laser Ablation in Liquids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:227. [PMID: 36677981 PMCID: PMC9864041 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of bimetallic iron-nickel nanoparticles with control over the synthesized phases, particle size, surface chemistry, and oxidation level remains a challenge that limits the application of these nanoparticles. Pulsed laser ablation in liquid allows the properties tuning of the generated nanoparticles by changing the ablation solvent. Organic solvents such as acetone can minimize nanoparticle oxidation. Yet, economical laboratory and technical grade solvents that allow cost-effective production of FeNi nanoparticles contain water impurities, which are a potential source of oxidation. Here, we investigated the influence of water impurities in acetone on the properties of FeNi nanoparticles generated by pulsed laser ablation in liquids. To remove water impurities and produce "dried acetone", cost-effective and reusable molecular sieves (3 Å) are employed. The results show that the Fe50Ni50 nanoparticles' properties are influenced by the water content of the solvent. The metastable HCP FeNi phase is found in NPs prepared in acetone, while only the FCC phase is observed in NPs formed in water. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed that the FeNi nanoparticles oxidation in dried acetone is reduced by 8% compared to acetone. The high-field magnetization of Fe50Ni50 nanoparticles in water is the highest, 68 Am2/kg, followed by the nanoparticles obtained after ablation in acetone without water impurities, 59 Am2/kg, and acetone, 52 Am2/kg. The core-shell structures formed in these three liquids are also distinctive, demonstrating that a core-shell structure with an outer oxide layer is formed in water, while carbon external layers are obtained in acetone without water impurity. The results confirm that the size, structure, phase, and oxidation of FeNi nanoparticles produced by pulsed laser ablation in liquids can be modified by changing the solvent or just reducing the water impurities in the organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Y. Khairani
- Chair of Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Qiyuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Joachim Landers
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Soma Salamon
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Doñate-Buendía
- Chair of Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Wende
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Zangari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Chair of Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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Kuncser V. Multifunctional Magnetic Nanocomposites: Innovative Processing and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:206. [PMID: 36616116 PMCID: PMC9824142 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional magnetic nanocomposites are among those heterogeneous nanosized systems where at least one phase component is magnetic and can act as an intermediate of either the actuation or the response of the overall system. The main advantage of heterogeneous nanosystems is the possibility of combining and inter-influencing the electronic properties of constituent interfaced nanophases. Consequently, unique physico-chemical properties of the hybrid materials of interest in various applications can be obtained. This Special Issue of Nanomaterials highlights the most advanced processing and characterization tools of some multifunctional magnetic nanocomposites and heterogeneous systems of interest in various applications, from biomedicine to sensoristics and energy-saving materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuncser
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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Nadarajah R, Tasdemir L, Thiel C, Salamon S, Semisalova AS, Wende H, Farle M, Barcikowski S, Erni D, Gökce B. Formation of Fe-Ni Nanoparticle Strands in Macroscopic Polymer Composites: Experiment and Simulation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2095. [PMID: 34443925 PMCID: PMC8398175 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic-field-induced strand formation of ferromagnetic Fe-Ni nanoparticles in a PMMA-matrix is correlated with the intrinsic material parameters, such as magnetization, particle size, composition, and extrinsic parameters, including magnetic field strength and viscosity. Since various factors can influence strand formation, understanding the composite fabrication process that maintains the strand lengths of Fe-Ni in the generated structures is a fundamental step in predicting the resulting structures. Hence, the critical dimensions of the strands (length, width, spacing, and aspect ratio) are investigated in the experiments and simulated via different intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. Optimal parameters were found by optical microscopy measurements and finite-element simulations using COMSOL for strand formation of Fe50Ni50 nanoparticles. The anisotropic behavior of the aligned strands was successfully characterized through magnetometry measurements. Compared to the unaligned samples, the magnetically aligned strands exhibit enhanced conductivity, increasing the current by a factor of 1000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksan Nadarajah
- Technical Chemistry I, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (R.N.); (L.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Leyla Tasdemir
- Technical Chemistry I, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (R.N.); (L.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Christian Thiel
- General and Theoretical Electrical Engineering (ATE), Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany; (C.T.); (D.E.)
| | - Soma Salamon
- Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.S.); (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Anna S. Semisalova
- Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.S.); (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Heiko Wende
- Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.S.); (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Michael Farle
- Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; (S.S.); (A.S.S.); (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry I, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (R.N.); (L.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniel Erni
- General and Theoretical Electrical Engineering (ATE), Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany; (C.T.); (D.E.)
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Technical Chemistry I, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (R.N.); (L.T.); (S.B.)
- Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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Nadarajah R, Landers J, Salamon S, Koch D, Tahir S, Doñate-Buendía C, Zingsem B, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Donner W, Farle M, Wende H, Gökce B. Towards laser printing of magnetocaloric structures by inducing a magnetic phase transition in iron-rhodium nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13719. [PMID: 34215776 PMCID: PMC8253782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of magnetocaloric materials represents an approach to enable efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration. It is envisioned as a key technology to reduce CO2 emissions of air conditioning and cooling systems. Fe-Rh has been shown to be one of the best-suited materials in terms of heat exchange per material volume. However, the Fe-Rh magnetocaloric response depends on its composition. Hence, the adaptation of material processing routes that preserve the Fe-Rh magnetocaloric response in the generated structures is a fundamental step towards the industrial development of this cooling technology. To address this challenge, the temperature-dependent properties of laser synthesized Fe-Rh nanoparticles and the laser printing of Fe-Rh nanoparticle inks are studied to generate 2D magnetocaloric structures that are potentially interesting for applications such as waste heat management of compact electrical appliances or thermal diodes, switches, and printable magnetocaloric media. The magnetization and temperature dependence of the ink's γ-FeRh to B2-FeRh magnetic transition is analyzed throughout the complete process, finding a linear increase of the magnetization M (0.8 T, 300 K) up to 96 Am2/kg with ca. 90% of the γ-FeRh being transformed permanently into the B2-phase. In 2D structures, magnetization values of M (0.8 T, 300 K) ≈ 11 Am2/kg could be reached by laser sintering, yielding partial conversion to the B2-phase equivalent to long-time heating temperature of app. 600 K, via this treatment. Thus, the proposed procedure constitutes a robust route to achieve the generation of magnetocaloric structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joachim Landers
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Soma Salamon
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - David Koch
- Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Shabbir Tahir
- Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carlos Doñate-Buendía
- Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Benjamin Zingsem
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy With Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy With Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Donner
- Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Farle
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Wende
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
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Liang SX, Zhang LC, Reichenberger S, Barcikowski S. Design and perspective of amorphous metal nanoparticles from laser synthesis and processing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11121-11154. [PMID: 33969854 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00701g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous metal nanoparticles (A-NPs) have aroused great interest in their structural disordering nature and combined downsizing strategies (e.g. nanoscaling), both of which are beneficial for highly strengthened properties compared to their crystalline counterparts. Conventional synthesis strategies easily induce product contamination and/or size limitations, which largely narrow their applications. In recent years, laser ablation in liquid (LAL) and laser fragmentation in liquid (LFL) as "green" and scalable colloid synthesis methodologies have attracted extensive enthusiasm in the production of ultrapure crystalline NPs, while they also show promising potential for the production of A-NPs. Yet, the amorphization in such methods still lacks sufficient rules to follow regarding the formation mechanism and criteria. To that end, this article reviews amorphous metal oxide and carbide NPs from LAL and LFL in terms of NP types, liquid selection, target elements, laser parameters, and possible formation mechanism, all of which play a significant role in the competitive relationship between amorphization and crystallization. Furthermore, we provide the prospect of laser-generated metallic glass nanoparticles (MG-NPs) from MG targets. The current and potential applications of A-NPs are also discussed, categorized by the attractive application fields e.g. in catalysis and magnetism. The present work aims to give possible selection rules and perspective on the design of colloidal A-NPs as well as the synthesis criteria of MG-NPs from laser-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Xing Liang
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 7, Essen 45141, Germany.
| | - Lai-Chang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Sven Reichenberger
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 7, Essen 45141, Germany.
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 7, Essen 45141, Germany.
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