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Mensah A, Liu XY, Hu BX, Kweku EV, Wang FM, Chen LZ, Zheng SJ. One Pot Synthesis of New Benzimidazole Derivatives with Exceptionally High Luminescence Quantum Efficiency. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:1091-1101. [PMID: 39044697 DOI: 10.2174/0115701794271985231219070212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES There are different approaches to the synthesis of benzimidazole. In this article, five new benzimidazole derivatives, BMPO, Me-BMPO, Di-MeBMPO, F-BMPO and Cl-BMPO where (BMPO=3-[(1H)-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl]pyridin-2(1H)-one), have been prepared. Another study was carried out on luminescence properties and their potential applications for the detection of transition metal ions. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the one-pot synthesis approach, all the derivatives of the benzimidazole compounds were obtained. The compounds were characterized using HRMS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and X-ray crystallography. Herein, a mechanism has been deciphered by predicting the release of HCl(g). RESULTS All compounds showed a strong deep blue emission when dissolved in dimethylacetamide (DMA), with emission wavelengths at 423, 428, 435, 423, and 421 nm, and half-times of 3.64, 2.77, 2, 19, 3.42 and 3.52 ns, respectively. In addition, their emission quantum yields were determined to be 72, 50, 42, 73 and 80%. CONCLUSION Five new benzimidazole derivatives, BMPO, Me-BMPO, Di-MeBIPO, F-BIPO, and Cl-BIPO, have been successfully synthesized by the one-pot synthesis method, and their structures are characterized and confirmed. The compounds exhibited exceptional luminescence by emitting a strong blue light in DMA with high fluorescence quantum yields between 42~80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Mensah
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ye Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Xiang Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Ennin Vendish Kweku
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Ming Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhuang Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Jun Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
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2
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Mohammed SM, Shehab WS, Emwas AHM, Jaremko M, Abdellattif MH, Zordok WA, Tantawy ES. Eco-Friendly Synthesis of 1 H-benzo[ d]imidazole Derivatives by ZnO NPs Characterization, DFT Studies, Antioxidant and Insilico Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:969. [PMID: 37513881 PMCID: PMC10385378 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazoles are classified as a category of heterocyclic compounds. Molecules having benzimidazole motifs show promising utility in organic and scientific studies. A series of mono-substituted benzimidazoles were synthesized by ZnO-NPs via cyclocondensation between substituted aromatic aldehydes and o-phenylene diamine. The synthesized compounds were characterized and compared with the traditional methods. The nano-catalyzed method displayed a higher yield, shorter time and recyclable catalyst. The DFT study and antioxidant activity were investigated for benzo[d]imidazole derivatives. Compound 2a exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among the tested compounds. We focused on the catalytic activity of ZnO in the synthesis of heterocyclic structures with the goal of stimulating further progress in this field. The superiorities of this procedure are high yield of product, low amounts of catalyst and short reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Wesam S Shehab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdul-Hamid M Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, Sciences College, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Zordok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Eman S Tantawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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3
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Chaidali AG, Lykakis IN. Simple Synthetic Approach to N-(Pyridin-2-yl)imidates from Nitrostyrenes and 2-Aminopyridines via the N-(Pyridin-2-yl)iminonitriles as Intermediates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083321. [PMID: 37110555 PMCID: PMC10147006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile, green, synthetic protocol of several substituted N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates from nitrostyrenes and 2-aminopyridines via the corresponding N-(pyridin-2-yl)iminonitriles as intermediates is reported. The reaction process involved the in situ formation of the corresponding α-iminontriles under heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysis in the presence of Al2O3. Subsequently, α-iminonitriles were selectively transformed into the desired N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates under ambient conditions and in the presence of Cs2CO3 in alcoholic media. Under these conditions, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediols also led to the corresponding mono-substituted imidates at room temperature. The present synthetic protocol was also developed on one mmol scale, providing access to this important scaffold. A preliminary synthetic application of the present N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates was carried out for their facile conversion into the N-heterocycles 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine in the presence of the corresponding ethylenediamine and 1,3-diaminopropane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriani G Chaidali
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Lykakis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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4
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Rouzifar M, Sobhani S, Farrokhi A, Sansano JM. Cobalt isatin-Schiff-base derivative of MOF as a heterogeneous multifunctional bio-photocatalyst for sunlight-induced tandem air oxidation condensation process. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5115. [PMID: 36991101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A sunlight-induced tandem air oxidation-condensation of alcohols with ortho-substituted anilines or malononitrile for the efficient synthesis of benz-imidazoles/-oxazoles/-thiazoles, or benzylidene malononitrile catalyzed by Co-isatin-Schiff-base-MIL-101(Fe) as a heterogeneous multifunctional bio-photocatalyst is reported. In these reactions, Co-isatin-Schiff-base-MIL-101(Fe) acts both as a photocatalyst, and a Lewis acid to catalyze the reaction of the in-situ formed aldehydes with o-substituted anilines or malononitrile. A significant decrease in the band gap energy and an increase in the characteristic emission of MIL-101(Fe) after functionalization with cobalt Schiff-base according to the DRS analysis and fluorescence spectrophotometry, respectively, indicate that the photocatalytic effectiveness of the catalyst is associated primarily to the synergetic influence of Fe-O cluster and Co-Schiff-base. EPR results obviously pointed out that Co-isatin-Schiff-base-MIL-101(Fe) is capable of creating 1O2 and O2⋅- as active oxygen species under visible light irradiation. Using an inexpensive catalyst, sunlight irradiation, air as a cost-effective and abundant oxidant, and a low amount of the catalyst with recoverability and durability in ethanol as a green solvent, make this methodology as an environmentally friendly process with energy-saving organic synthetic strategies. Furthermore, Co-isatin-Schiff-base-MIL-101(Fe) displays excellent photocatalytic antibacterial activity under sunlight irradiation against E. coli, S. aureus and S. pyogenes. Based on our knowledge, this is the first report of using a bio-photocatalyst for the synthesis of the target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rouzifar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sara Sobhani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Alireza Farrokhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - José Miguel Sansano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
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5
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Qin H, Odilov A, Bonku EM, Zhu F, Hu T, Liu H, Aisa HA, Shen J. Facile Synthesis of Benzimidazoles via N-Arylamidoxime Cyclization. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45678-45687. [PMID: 36530318 PMCID: PMC9753192 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of benzimidazoles was described by a one-pot process containing acylation-cyclization of N-arylamidoxime. This method provided an alternative synthesis of benzimidazoles with a certain diversity of substituted groups in acceptable yields (up to 96%). More importantly, the construction of bis-benzimidazole (8), the key intermediate for making telmisartan, was achieved by adopting this method that enabled avoiding the undesired nitration with nitric/sulfuric acid and the cyclization in polyphosphoric acid in the existing operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Qin
- Key
Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Abdullajon Odilov
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Emmanuel Mintah Bonku
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Zhu
- Topharman
Shanghai Co., Ltd., No.
388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201203, P.R.
China
| | - Tianwen Hu
- Topharman
Shanghai Co., Ltd., No.
388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201203, P.R.
China
| | - He Liu
- Topharman
Shanghai Co., Ltd., No.
388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hitech Park, Shanghai 201203, P.R.
China
| | - Haji A. Aisa
- Key
Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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6
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Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Halogen-Substituted 2-Aryl-N-phenylbenzimidazoles. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Four 2-arylbenzimidazoles (aryl = 4-Br-phenyl (1), 3-Br-phenyl (2), 4-I-phenyl (3), 3-I-phenyl (4)) were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C{1H} NMR, UV–Vis spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both pairs of benzimidazoles bearing the halogen atom at the same position form isostructural crystals, in which para-substituted compounds 1 and 3 are assembled by weak C–H···π and π···π interactions while their meta-isomers 2 and 4 are linked via intermolecular halogen···nitrogen and C–H···π contacts.
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7
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Biological Response of Human Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation in Combination with Gold Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205086. [PMID: 36291870 PMCID: PMC9600885 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Various types of metallic nanoparticles and especially gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been utilized in radiation studies to enhance the radiosensitization of cancer cells while minimizing detrimental effects in normal tissue. The aim of our study was to investigate the biological responses of various human cancer cells to gold-nanoparticle-induced radiosensitization. This was accomplished by using different AuNPs and several techniques in order to provide valuable insights regarding the multiple adverse biological effects, following ionizing radiation (IR) in combination with AuNPs. Insightful methodologies such as transmission electron microscopy were employed to identify comprehensively the complexity of the biological damage occurrence. Our findings confirm that AuNP radiosensitization may occur due to extensive and/or complex DNA damage, cell death, or cellular senescence. This multiparameter study aims to further elucidate the biological mechanisms and at the same time provide new information regarding the use of AuNPs as radiosensitizers in cancer treatment. Abstract In the context of improving radiation therapy, high-atomic number (Z) metallic nanoparticles and, more importantly, gold-based nanostructures are developed as radiation enhancers/radiosensitizers. Due to the diversity of cell lines, nanoparticles, as well as radiation types or doses, the resulting biological effects may differ and remain obscure. In this multiparameter study, we aim to shed light on these effects and investigate them further by employing X-irradiation and three human cancer cell lines (PC3, A549, and U2OS cells) treated by multiple techniques. TEM experiments on PC3 cells showed that citrate-capped AuNPs were found to be located mostly in membranous structures/vesicles or autophagosomes, but also, in the case of PEG-capped AuNPs, inside the nucleus as well. The colony-forming capability of cancer cells radiosensitized by AuNPs decreased significantly and the DNA damage detected by cytogenetics, γH2AX immunostaining, and by single (γH2AX) or double (γH2AX and OGG1) immunolocalization via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was in many cases higher and/or persistent after combination with AuNPs than upon individual exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). Moreover, different cell cycle distribution was evident in PC3 but not A549 cells after treatment with AuNPs and/or irradiation. Finally, cellular senescence was investigated by using a newly established staining procedure for lipofuscin, based on a Sudan Black-B analogue (GL13) which showed that based on the AuNPs’ concentration, an increased number of senescent cells might be observed after exposure to IR. Even though different cell lines or different types and concentrations of AuNPs may alter the levels of radiosensitization, our results imply that the complexity of damage might also be an important factor of AuNP-induced radiosensitization.
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8
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Xiong Y, Wang K, Ma L, Zhu J, Miao Y, Gong L, Mu X, Wan J, Li R. Bimetallic CoMoO
4
@C nanorod catalyzes one‐pot synthesis of benzimidazoles from benzyl alcohol and
o
‐phenylendiamine without alkali. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Kaizhi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Lei Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Jiukang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Yujia Miao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Li Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Xiao Mu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Jiang Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
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9
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Tzani MA, Fountoulaki S, Lykakis IN. Polyoxometalate-Driven Ease Conversion of Valuable Furfural to trans- N, N-4,5-Diaminocyclopenten-2-ones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2601-2615. [PMID: 35073691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the catalytic efficacy of silicotungstic acid (H4SiW12O40) polyoxometalate (POM) toward the reaction between furfural and amines that selectively yields trans-N,N-4,5-substituted-diaminocyclopenten-2-ones (trans-DACPs). H4SiW12O40 facilitates the synthesis of a library of trans-DACPs with loadings as low as 0.05 mol %, in open air, without additives, in short times and good to high isolated yields. The protocol was applied to secondary amines as well as to aromatic primary amines with pKb higher than ca. 9. The present catalytic synthetic protocol has an extended substrate scope with high yields and represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first polyoxometalate-driven paradigm as an efficient method to produce cyclopentanone frameworks under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Tzani
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Fountoulaki
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Lykakis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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10
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Laha JK, Hunjan MK. Diversity in Heterocycle Synthesis Using α-Iminocarboxylic Acids: Decarboxylation Dichotomy. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2315-2323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K. Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur Hunjan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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11
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Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are important scaffolds for a large number of compounds with biological, pharmaceutical, industrial and optoelectronic applications. A wide range of different methodologies for the preparation of N-heterocycles are based on metal-catalyzed cyclization of suitable substrates. Due to the growing interest in Green Chemistry criteria over the past two decades, the use of supported metal catalysts in the preparation of N-heterocycles has become a central topic in Organic Chemistry. Here we will give a critical overview of all the solid supported metal catalysts applied in the synthesis of N-heterocycles, following a systematic approach as a function of the type of support: (i) metal catalysts supported on inorganic matrices; (ii) metal catalysts supported on organic matrices; (iii) metal catalysts supported on hybrid inorganic-organic matrices. In particular, we will try to emphasize the effective heterogeneity and recyclability of the described metal catalysts, specifying which studies were carried out in order to evaluate these aspects.
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12
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Synthesis and DFT studies of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles using expeditious and magnetically recoverable CoFe2O4/Cu(OH)2 nanocomposite under solvent-free condition. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Daikopoulou V, Skliri E, Koutsouroubi ED, Armatas GS, Lykakis IN. Selective Mild Oxidation of Anilines into Nitroarenes by Catalytic Activation of Mesoporous Frameworks Linked with Gold-Loaded Mn 3 O 4 Nanoparticles. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100413. [PMID: 34709733 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis and catalytic application of mesoporous Au-loaded Mn3 O4 nanoparticle assemblies (MNAs) with different Au contents, i. e., 0.2, 0.5 and 1 wt %, towards the selective oxidation of anilines into the corresponding nitroarenes. Among common oxidants, as well as several supported gold nanoparticle platforms, Au/Mn3 O4 MNAs containing 0.5 wt % Au with an average particle size of 3-4 nm show the best catalytic performance in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a mild oxidant. In all cases, the corresponding nitroarenes were isolated in high to excellent yields (85-97 %) and selectivity (>98 %) from acetonitrile or greener solvents, such as ethyl acetate, after simple flash chromatography purification. The 0.5 % Au/Mn3 O4 catalyst can be isolated and reused four times without a significant loss of its activity and can be applied successfully to a lab-scale reaction of p-toluidine (1 mmol) leading to the p-nitrotulene in 83 % yield. The presence of AuNPs on the Mn3 O4 surface enhances the catalytic activity for the formation of the desired nitroarene. A reasonable mechanism was proposed including the plausible formation of two intermediates, the corresponding N-aryl hydroxylamine and the nitrosoarene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Daikopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Euaggelia Skliri
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Eirini D Koutsouroubi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Gerasimos S Armatas
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Lykakis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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Chen R, Jalili Z, Tayebee R. UV-visible light-induced photochemical synthesis of benzimidazoles by coomassie brilliant blue coated on W-ZnO@NH 2 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16359-16375. [PMID: 35479136 PMCID: PMC9030167 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10843j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysts proffer a promising method to actualize eco-friendly and green organic transformations. Herein, a new photochemical-based methodology is disclosed in the preparation of a wide range of benzimidazoles through condensation of o-phenylenediamine with benzyl alcohols in the air under the illumination of an HP mercury lamp in the absence of any oxidizing species catalyzed by a new photocatalyst W–ZnO@NH2–CBB. In this photocatalyst, coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) is heterogenized onto W–ZnO@NH2 to improve the surface characteristics at the molecular level and enhance the photocatalytic activity of both W–ZnO@NH2 and CBB fragments. This unprecedented heterogeneous nanocatalyst is also identified by means of XRD, FT-IR, EDS, TGA-DTG, and SEM. The impact of some influencing parameters on the synthesis route and effects on the catalytic efficacy of W–ZnO@NH2–CBB are also assessed. The appropriate products are attained for both the electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents in the utilized aromatic alcohols. Furthermore, preparation of benzimidazoles is demonstrated to occur mainly via a radical mechanism, which shows that reactive species such as ·O2−, OH˙ and h+ would be involved in the photocatalytic process. Stability and reusability studies also warrant good reproducibility of the nanophotocatalyst for at least five runs. Eventually, a hot filtration test proved that the nanohybrid photocatalyst is stable in the reaction medium. Using an inexpensive catalyst, UV-vis light energy and air, as a low cost and plentiful oxidant, puts this methodology in the green chemistry domain and energy-saving organic synthesis strategies. Finally, the anticancer activity of W–ZnO nanoparticles is investigated on MCF7 breast cancer cells by MTT assay. This experiment reveals that the mentioned nanoparticles have significant cytotoxicity towards the selected cell line. A new photochemical route is disclosed in the preparation of a wide range of benzimidazoles in air under the illumination of an HP mercury lamp in the absence of any oxidizing species catalyzed by heterogenized W–ZnO@NH2–CBB.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an Central Hospital Xi'an 710000 China
| | - Zahra Jalili
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179-76487 Iran
| | - Reza Tayebee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar 96179-76487 Iran
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