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Jiang M, Wang Y, Li J, Gao X. Review of carbon dot-hydrogel composite material as a future water-environmental regulator. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131850. [PMID: 38670201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
As water pollution and scarcity pose severe threats to the sustainable progress of human society, it is important to develop a method or materials that can accurately and efficiently detect pollutants and purify aquatic environments or exploit marine resources. The compositing of photoluminescent and hydrophilic carbon dots (CDs) with hydrogels bearing three-dimensional networks to form CD-hydrogel composites to protect aquatic environments is a "win-win" strategy. Herein, the feasibility of the aforementioned method has been demonstrated. This paper reviews the recent progress of CD-hydrogel materials used in aquatic environments. First, the synthesis methods for these composites are discussed, and then, the composites are categorized according to different methods of combining the raw materials. Thereafter, the progress in research on CD-hydrogel materials in the field of water quality detection and purification is reviewed in terms of the application of the mechanisms. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of CD-hydrogel materials are described. These results are expected to provide insights into the development of CD-hydrogel composites for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Jiang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Jichuan Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xing Gao
- College of Sports and Human Sciences, Post-doctoral Mobile Research Station, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, PR China.
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2
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Yang F, Yang B, Gu X, Li M, Qi K, Yan Y. Detection of enrofloxacin residues in dairy products based on their fluorescence quenching effect on AgInS 2 QDs. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 301:122985. [PMID: 37311364 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble AgInS2 (AIS) quantum dots (QDs) were successfully prepared through the one-pot water phase method with thioglycolic acid (TGA) as the stabilizing agent. Because enrofloxacin (ENR) effectively quenches the fluorescence of AIS QDs, a highly-sensitive fluorescence detection method is proposed to detect ENR residues in milk. Under optimal detection conditions, there was a good linear relationship between the relative fluorescence quenching amount (ΔF/F0) of AgInS2 with ENR and ENR concentration (C). The detection range was 0.3125-20.00 μg/mL, r = 0.9964, and the detection limit (LOD) was 0.024 μg/mL (n = 11). The average recovery of ENR in milk ranged from 95.43 to 114.28%. The method established in this study has advantages including a high sensitivity, a low detection limit, simple operation and a low cost. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of AIS QDs with ENR was discussed and the dynamic quenching mechanism of light-induced electron transfer was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Bingyu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinyue Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Minghua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ya Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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3
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Yang L, Zhang S, Xu B, Jiang J, Cai B, Lv X, Zou Y, Fan Z, Yang H, Zeng H. I-III-VI Quantum Dots and Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Properties for Light-Emitting Diodes. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2443-2453. [PMID: 36964745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are important frontier luminescent materials for future technology in flexible ultrahigh-definition display, optical information internet, and bioimaging due to their outstanding luminescence efficiency and high color purity. I-III-VI QDs and derivatives demonstrate characteristics of composition-dependent band gap, full visible light coverage, high efficiency, excellent stability, and nontoxicity, and hence are expected to be ideal candidates for environmentally friendly materials replacing traditional Cd and Pb-based QDs. In particular, their compositional flexibility is highly conducive to precise control energy band structure and microstructure. Furthermore, the quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) exhibits superior prospects in monochrome display and white illumination. This review summarizes the recent progress of I-III-VI QDs and their application in LEDs. First, the luminescence mechanism is illustrated based on their electronic-band structural characteristics. Second, focusing on the latest progress of I-III-VI QDs, the preparation mechanism, and the regulation of photophysical properties, the corresponding application progress particularly in light-emitting diodes is summarized as well. Finally, we provide perspectives on the overall current status and challenges propose performance improvement strategies in promoting the evolution of QDs and QLEDs, indicating the future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bo Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jiangyuan Jiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bo Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Lv
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yousheng Zou
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Heesun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 121-791, Korea
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Islas-Rodriguez N, Muñoz R, Rodriguez JA, Vazquez-Garcia RA, Reyes M. Integration of ternary I-III-VI quantum dots in light-emitting diodes. Front Chem 2023; 11:1106778. [PMID: 37035113 PMCID: PMC10076594 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ternary I-III-VI quantum dots (TQDs) are semiconductor nanomaterials that have been gradually incorporated in the fabrication of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) over the last 10 years due to their physicochemical and photoluminescence properties, such as adequate quantum yield values, tunable wavelength emission, and easy synthesis strategies, but mainly because of their low toxicity that allows them to be excellent candidates to compete with conventional Cd-Pb-based QDs. This review addresses the different strategies to obtain TQDs and how synthesis conditions influence their physicochemical properties, followed by the LEDs parameters achieved using TQDs. The second part of the review summarizes how TQDs are integrated into LEDs and white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). Furthermore, an insight into the state-of-the-art LEDs development using TQDs, including its advantages and disadvantages and the challenges to overcome, is presented at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nery Islas-Rodriguez
- Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH). Area Academica de Ciencias de La Tierra y Materiales, Hgo, Mexico
| | - Raybel Muñoz
- Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH). Area Academica de Quimica, Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico
| | - Jose A. Rodriguez
- Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH). Area Academica de Quimica, Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico
| | - Rosa A. Vazquez-Garcia
- Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH). Area Academica de Ciencias de La Tierra y Materiales, Hgo, Mexico
| | - Martin Reyes
- Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH). Area Academica de Ciencias de La Tierra y Materiales, Hgo, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Martin Reyes,
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5
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Study on synthesis and photoelectric properties of AgInS 2 quantum dots. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
AgInS2 Quantum dots (AIS QDs) have high quantum yield and catalytic performance, which is promising materials in photo-catalytic and optoelectronic fields. In the paper, it adopted a simple and non-toxic method to synthesize AIS QDs. The effect of reaction temperature on the growth mechanism, optical and physical properties of AIS had been extensively investigated by using L-cysteine as the sulfur source, and their application in catalytic hydrogen production was also studied. The results demonstrated that the fluorescence properties will be quenched with the increase of temperature, indicating that the separation speed of electron hole pairs of samples obtained at higher temperature was faster. Meantime, the electron transport capacity and the photocurrent had also improved with the increase of reaction temperature. Finally, the sample obtained at 100 oC had higher hydrogen production rate.
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Aguado R, Santos ARMG, Vallejos S, Valente AJM. Paper-Based Probes with Visual Response to Vapors from Nitroaromatic Explosives: Polyfluorenes and Tertiary Amines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092900. [PMID: 35566254 PMCID: PMC9101589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is well-known that nitroaromatic compounds quench the fluorescence of different conjugated polymers and form colored Meisenheimer complexes with proper nucleophiles, the potential of paper as a substrate for those macromolecules can be further developed. This work undertakes this task, impregnating paper strips with a fluorene-phenylene copolymer with quaternary ammonium groups, a bisfluorene-based cationic polyelectrolyte, and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (polyDMAEMA). Cationic groups make the aforementioned polyfluorenes attachable to paper, whose surface possesses a slightly negative charge and avoid interference from cationic quenchers. While conjugated polymers had their fluorescence quenched with nitroaromatic vapors in a non-selective way, polyDMAEMA-coated papers had a visual response that was selective to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and that could be easily identified, and even quantified, under natural light. Far from implying that polyfluorenes should be ruled out, it must be taken into account that TNT-filled mines emit vapors from 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dinitrobenzene isomers, which are more volatile than TNT itself. Atmospheres with only 790 ppbv TNT or 277 ppbv DNT were enough to trigger a distinguishable response, although the requirement for certain exposure times is an important limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Aguado
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.R.M.G.S.); (S.V.)
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, M. Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A. Rita M. G. Santos
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.R.M.G.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Saúl Vallejos
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.R.M.G.S.); (S.V.)
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Artur J. M. Valente
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.R.M.G.S.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Kowalik P, Bujak P, Penkala M, Maroń AM, Ostrowski A, Kmita A, Gajewska M, Lisowski W, Sobczak JW, Pron A. Indium(II) Chloride as a Precursor in the Synthesis of Ternary (Ag-In-S) and Quaternary (Ag-In-Zn-S) Nanocrystals. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:809-825. [PMID: 35095188 PMCID: PMC8794001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new indium precursor, namely, indium(II) chloride, was tested as a precursor in the synthesis of ternary Ag-In-S and quaternary Ag-In-Zn-S nanocrystals. This new precursor, being in fact a dimer of Cl2In-InCl2 chemical structure, is significantly more reactive than InCl3, typically used in the preparation of these types of nanocrystals. This was evidenced by carrying out comparative syntheses under the same reaction conditions using these two indium precursors in combination with the same silver (AgNO3) and zinc (zinc stearate) precursors. In particular, the use of indium(II) chloride in combination with low concentrations of the zinc precursor yielded spherical-shaped (D = 3.7-6.2 nm) Ag-In-Zn-S nanocrystals, whereas for higher concentrations of this precursor, rodlike nanoparticles (L = 9-10 nm) were obtained. In all cases, the resulting nanocrystals were enriched in indium (In/Ag = 1.5-10.3). Enhanced indium precursor conversion and formation of anisotropic, longitudinal nanoparticles were closely related to the presence of thiocarboxylic acid type of ligands in the reaction mixture. These ligands were generated in situ and subsequently bound to surfacial In(III) cations in the growing nanocrystals. The use of the new precursor of enhanced reactivity facilitated precise tuning of the photoluminescence color of the resulting nanocrystals in the spectral range from ca. 730 to 530 nm with photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) varying from 20 to 40%. The fabricated Ag-In-S and Ag-In-Zn-S nanocrystals exhibited the longest, reported to date, photoluminescence lifetimes of ∼9.4 and ∼1.4 μs, respectively. It was also demonstrated for the first time that ternary (Ag-In-S) and quaternary (Ag-In-Zn-S) nanocrystals could be applied as efficient photocatalysts, active under visible light (green) illumination, in the reaction of aldehydes reduction to alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kowalik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Penkala
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna M. Maroń
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ostrowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Kmita
- Academic
Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Gajewska
- Academic
Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Lisowski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz W. Sobczak
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Preeyanka N, Sarkar M. Probing How Various Metal Ions Interact with the Surface of QDs: Implication of the Interaction Event on the Photophysics of QDs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6995-7007. [PMID: 34047563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With an aim to understand the mechanism of interaction between quantum dots (QDs) and various metal ions, fluorescence response of less-toxic and water-soluble glutathione-capped Zn-Ag-In-S (GSH@ZAIS) QDs in the presence of different metal ions has been investigated at both ensemble and single-molecule level. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has also been performed to obtain a molecular level understanding of the interaction event. The steady-state data reveal no significant change in QD emission for alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, while there is a decrease in fluorescence intensity for transition metal (TM) and some heavy transition metal (HTM) ions. Interestingly, a significant fluorescent enhancement (FE) (19-96%) of QDs is found for Cd2+ ions. Time-resolved fluorescence studies reveal that all the three decay components of QDs decrease in the presence of first-row TM ions. However, in the case of Cd2+, the shorter component is found to increase while the longer one decreases. The analysis of data reveals that photoinduced electron transfer is responsible for fluorescence quenching of QDs in the presence of first-row TM ions and destruction/removal of trap/defect states in the case of Cd2+ causes the FE. In FT-IR experiments, a prominent peak at 670 cm-1, corresponding to Cd-S stretching vibrations, indicates strong ground-state interactions between the -SH of GSH and Cd2+ ions. Moreover, a decrease in the diffusion coefficient of QDs in the presence of Cd2+ ions during fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) studies further substantiates the removal of GSH by Cd2+ from the surface of QDs. The optical output of this study demonstrates that ZAIS can be used for fluorescence signaling of various metal ions and in particular selective detection of Cd2+. More importantly, these results also suggest that Cd2+ can effectively be used for enhancing the fluorescence quantum yield of thiol-capped QDs such as GSH@ZAIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naupada Preeyanka
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400 094, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences (CIS), NISER, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Moloy Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400 094, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences (CIS), NISER, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
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Kuznetsova V, Osipova V, Tkach A, Miropoltsev M, Kurshanov D, Sokolova A, Cherevkov S, Zakharov V, Fedorov A, Baranov A, Gun’ko Y. Lab-on-Microsphere-FRET-Based Multiplex Sensor Platform. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E109. [PMID: 33466522 PMCID: PMC7824841 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on the development and investigation of a novel multiplex assay model based on polymer microspheres (PMS) encoded with ternary AIS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The system was prepared via layer-by-layer deposition technique. Our studies of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the QD-encoded microspheres and two different cyanine dyes have demonstrated that the QD photoluminescence (PL) quenching steadily increases with a decrease in the QD-dye distance. We have found that the sensitized dye PL intensity demonstrates a clear maximum at two double layers of polyelectrolytes between QDs and Dye molecules on the polymer microspheres. Time resolved PL measurements have shown that the PL lifetime decreases for the QDs and increases for the dyes due to FRET. The designed system makes it possible to record spectrally different bands of FRET-induced dye luminescence with different decay times and thereby allows for the multiplexing by wavelength and photoluminescence lifetimes of the dyes. We believe that PMS encoded with AIS/ZnS QDs have great potential for the development of new highly selective and sensitive sensor systems for multiplex analysis to detect cell lysates and body fluids' representative biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kuznetsova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.O.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.C.); (V.Z.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Viktoria Osipova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.O.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.C.); (V.Z.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Anton Tkach
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.O.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.C.); (V.Z.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Maksim Miropoltsev
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.O.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.C.); (V.Z.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Danil Kurshanov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.O.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.C.); (V.Z.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Anastasiia Sokolova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.O.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.C.); (V.Z.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Sergei Cherevkov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.O.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.C.); (V.Z.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Viktor Zakharov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.O.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.C.); (V.Z.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Anatoly Fedorov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.O.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.C.); (V.Z.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander Baranov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.O.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.C.); (V.Z.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Yurii Gun’ko
- Chemistry School, Trinity College Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland
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