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Hu J, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Yan J, Li J, Zhang Z, Yin H, Wei Q, Jiang Q, Wei S, Zhang Q. Ultrasensitive Silicon Nanowire Biosensor with Modulated Threshold Voltages and Ultra-Small Diameter for Early Kidney Failure Biomarker Cystatin C. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:645. [PMID: 37367010 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently occurring severe disease with high mortality. Cystatin C (Cys-C), as a biomarker of early kidney failure, can be used to detect and prevent acute renal injury. In this paper, a biosensor based on a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW FET) was studied for the quantitative detection of Cys-C. Based on the spacer image transfer (SIT) processes and channel doping optimization for higher sensitivity, a wafer-scale, highly controllable SiNW FET was designed and fabricated with a 13.5 nm SiNW. In order to improve the specificity, Cys-C antibodies were modified on the oxide layer of the SiNW surface by oxygen plasma treatment and silanization. Furthermore, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel was involved in improving the effectiveness and stability of detection. The experimental results show that the SiNW FET sensors realize the lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.25 ag/mL and have a good linear correlation in the range of Cys-C concentration from 1 ag/mL to 10 pg/mL, exhibiting its great potential in the future real-time application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hu
- School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
- Advanced Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronic of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinglu Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
- Advanced Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronic of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xufang Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Jiang Yan
- School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Advanced Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronic of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhaohao Zhang
- Advanced Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronic of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huaxiang Yin
- Advanced Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronic of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qianhui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 101402, China
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Shuhua Wei
- School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Advanced Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronic of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhu Y, Wei Q, Jin Q, Li G, Zhang Q, Xiao H, Li T, Wei F, Luo Y. Polyethylene Glycol Functionalized Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor for Glucose Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:604. [PMID: 36770565 PMCID: PMC9919870 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial for the diagnosis of diabetes patients. In this paper, we proposed a simple "mixed-catalyzer layer" modified silicon nanowire field-effect transistor biosensor that enabled direct detection of glucose with low-charge in high ionic strength solutions. A stable screening system was established to overcome Debye screening effect by forming a porous biopolymer layer with polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified on the surface of SiNW. The experimental results show that when the optimal ratio (APTMS:silane-PEG = 2:1) modified the surface of silicon nanowires, glucose oxidase can detect glucose in the concentration range of 10 nM to 10 mM. The sensitivity of the biosensor is calculated to be 0.47 μAcm-2mM-1, its fast response time not exceeding 8 s, and the detection limit is up to 10 nM. This glucose sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity and fast real-time response. Therefore, it has a potential clinical application prospect in disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qianhui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- GRINM (Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan 528051, China
| | - Qingxi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Gangrong Li
- GRINM (Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan 528051, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Advanced Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronic of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- GRINM (Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan 528051, China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
- GRINM (Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan 528051, China
| | - Yingchun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Acrylamide Hydrogel-Modified Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors for pH Sensing. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122070. [PMID: 35745409 PMCID: PMC9227456 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a pH-responsive hydrogel-modified silicon nanowire field-effect transistor for pH sensing, whose modification is operated by spin coating, and whose performance is characterized by the electrical curve of field-effect transistors. The results show that the hydrogel sensor can measure buffer pH in a repeatable and stable manner in the pH range of 3–13, with a high pH sensitivity of 100 mV/pH. It is considered that the swelling of hydrogel occurring in an aqueous solution varies the dielectric properties of acrylamide hydrogels, causing the abrupt increase in the source-drain current. It is believed that the design of the sensor can provide a promising direction for future biosensing applications utilizing the excellent biocompatibility of hydrogels.
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Yang J, Huang Y, Cui H, Li L, Ding Y. A FRET Fluorescent Sensor for Ratiometric and Visual Detection of Sulfide Based on Carbon Dots and Silver Nanoclusters. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1815-1823. [PMID: 35704138 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the fluorescent sensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and electrostatic interaction (EI) was prepared for the ratiometric and visual detecting S2-. The FRET fluorescent sensor consists of two fluorophores, with carbon dots (CDs) as energy donors and silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) as acceptors. At 390 nm excitation, CDs and Ag NCs showed two well-separated peaks at 445 nm and 660 nm, separately. The existence of S2- caused the red fluorescence at 660 nm to be quenched, whereas the blue fluorescence at 445 nm was restored, and the fluorescence color of the ratiometric sensor changed from pink to blue. It could be employed in ratiometric and visual detecting S2-. The linear range of quantitative detection S2- was 0.5-100 μM, and its detection limit was 0.35 μM. CDs-Ag NCs could be used for detecting S2- in mineral water and tap water. The results showed that the FRET ratiometric fluorescent sensor exhibits good anti-interference and high selectivity for detecting S2- in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyue Cui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaping Ding
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Effects of Buffer Concentration on the Sensitivity of Silicon Nanobelt Field-Effect Transistor Sensors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21144904. [PMID: 34300642 PMCID: PMC8309807 DOI: 10.3390/s21144904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a single-crystalline silicon nanobelt field-effect transistor (SiNB FET) device was developed and applied to pH and biomolecule sensing. The nanobelt was formed using a local oxidation of silicon technique, which is a self-aligned, self-shrinking process that reduces the cost of production. We demonstrated the effect of buffer concentration on the sensitivity and stability of the SiNB FET sensor by varying the buffer concentrations to detect solution pH and alpha fetoprotein (AFP). The SiNB FET sensor was used to detect a solution pH ranging from 6.4 to 7.4; the response current decreased stepwise as the pH value increased. The stability of the sensor was examined through cyclical detection under solutions with different pH; the results were stable and reliable. A buffer solution of varying concentrations was employed to inspect the sensing capability of the SiNB FET sensor device, with the results indicating that the sensitivity of the sensor was negatively dependent on the buffer concentration. For biomolecule sensing, AFP was sensed to test the sensitivity of the SiNB FET sensor. The effectiveness of surface functionalization affected the AFP sensing result, and the current shift was strongly dependent on the buffer concentration. The obtained results demonstrated that buffer concentration plays a crucial role in terms of the sensitivity and stability of the SiNB FET device in chemical and biomolecular sensing.
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