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Hu M, Nivas JJJ, D’Andrea M, Valadan M, Fittipaldi R, Lettieri M, Vecchione A, Altucci C, Amoruso S. Periodic Surface Structuring of Copper with Spherical and Cylindrical Lenses. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061005. [PMID: 36985900 PMCID: PMC10056112 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of a cylindrical lens in femtosecond laser surface structuring is receiving attention to improve the processing efficiency. Here, we investigate the structures produced on a copper target, in air, by exploiting both spherical and cylindrical lenses for beam focusing, aiming at elucidating similarities and differences of the two approaches. The morphological features of the surface structures generated by ≈180 fs laser pulses at 1030 nm over areas of 8 × 8 mm2 were analyzed. For the spherical lens, micron-sized parallel channels are formed on the target surface, which is covered by subwavelength ripples and nanoparticles. Instead, the cylindrical lens leads to a surface decorated with ripples and nanoparticles with a negligible presence of micro-channels. Moreover, the morphological features achieved by focusing ≈180 fs laser pulses at 515 nm with the cylindrical lens and varying the scanning parameters were also studied. The experimental results evidence a direct effect of the hatch distance used in the scanning process on the target surface that contains dark and bright bands corresponding to regions where the rippled surface contains a richer decoration or a negligible redeposition of nanoparticles. Our findings can be of interest in large area surface structuring for the selection of the more appropriate focusing configuration according to the final application of the structured surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Hu
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jijil JJ Nivas
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina D’Andrea
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mohammadhassan Valadan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosalba Fittipaldi
- CNR-SPIN SuPerconducting and Other INnovative Materials and Devices Institute, UOS Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Lettieri
- CNR-SPIN SuPerconducting and Other INnovative Materials and Devices Institute, UOS Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Vecchione
- CNR-SPIN SuPerconducting and Other INnovative Materials and Devices Institute, UOS Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carlo Altucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Amoruso
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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Ali A, Piatkowski P, Alnaser AS. Study on the Origin and Evolution of Femtosecond Laser-Induced Surface Structures: LIPSS, Quasi-Periodic Grooves, and Aperiodic Micro-Ridges. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2184. [PMID: 36984064 PMCID: PMC10057636 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the evolution mechanisms of the laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) and quasi-periodic grooves that are formed on the surface of monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si) when exposed to femtosecond laser radiation of different pulse duration, state of polarization, and fluence. The conditions required for producing LIPSS-free complex micro-ridge patterns are elaborated. The LIPSS evolution mechanism is explained in terms of scattering/interference-based phenomena. To establish the basis for our interpretation, single femtosecond pulses of different pulse durations are irradiated on mono-Si. The absence/appearance of LIPSS rudiments is explained in the context of spectral bandwidth and the associated effects on the intensity of the central wavelength. Shorter fs pulses of a wider bandwidth are employed to induce LIPSS-free micro-ridge patterns. It is demonstrated that the resultant micro-ridge patterns depend on the laser fluence distribution and can be manipulated through laser polarization. The curved morphology of LIPSS rudiments and the evolution mechanism of low- and high-spatial frequency LIPSS, i.e., LSFL and HSFL, are discussed. Finally, it is demonstrated that the consolidated quasi-periodic grooves result from HSFL welding together groups of LSFL. Although our findings are based on fs laser interaction with mono-Si, the results can also be applied to many other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Department of Physics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Piotr Piatkowski
- Department of Physics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali S. Alnaser
- Department of Physics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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El-Khawaga AM, Zidan A, El-Mageed AIAA. Preparation methods of different nanomaterials for various potential applications: A Review. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Ali A, Piatkowski P, Nawaz T, Ahmad S, Ibrahim T, Khamis M, Alnaser AS. A Two-Step Femtosecond Laser-Based Deposition of Robust Corrosion-Resistant Molybdenum Oxide Coating. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:909. [PMID: 36769916 PMCID: PMC9918068 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A two-step femtosecond-pulsed laser deposition (fs-PLD) process is reported for the rapid development of uniform, poreless, crack-free, and well-adhering amorphous coatings of source materials with a high melting point. The first step comprises a high-rate raw deposition of the source material via fs-PLD, followed by a second step of scanning the raw sample with fs laser pulses of optimized fluence and scan parameters. The technique is applied to develop substoichiometric molybdenum oxide (MoOx, x < 3) coatings on mild steel. The thickness of the layer was ~4.25 μm with roughness around 0.27 μm. Comprehensive surface characterization reveals highly uniform and relatively moderate roughness coatings, implying the potential of these films as robust corrosion-resistant coats. Corrosion measurements in an aqueous NaCl environment revealed that the coated mild steel samples possess an average corrosion inhibition efficiency of around 95% relative to polished mild steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Department of Physics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Piotr Piatkowski
- Department of Physics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir Nawaz
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb Ibrahim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa Khamis
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali S. Alnaser
- Department of Physics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
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Heating influence on hierarchical structures fabricated by direct laser interference patterning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17728. [PMID: 36273021 PMCID: PMC9588078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) enables the fabrication of functional surfaces reported for a wide spectrum of materials. The process throughput is usually increased by applying higher average laser powers. However, this causes heat accumulation impacting the roughness and shape of produced surface patterns. Consequently, the effect of substrate temperature on the topography of fabricated features requires detailed investigations. In this study, steel surfaces were structured with line-like patterns by ps-DLIP at 532 nm. To investigate the influence of substrate temperature on the resulting topography, a heating plate was used to adjust the temperature. Heating to 250 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{\circ }$$\end{document}∘C led to a significant reduction of the produced structure depths, from 2.33 to 1.06 µm. The reduction is associated with the appearance of a different LIPSS type, depending on the grain orientation of the substrates and laser-induced superficial oxidation. This study revealed a strong effect of substrate temperature, which is also to be expected when heat accumulation effects arise from processing surfaces at high average laser power.
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Li Q, Li C, Wang Y. Effect of femtosecond laser ablate ultra-fine microgrooves on surface properties of dental zirconia materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Functional Performance of Silicon with Periodic Surface Structures Induced by Femtosecond Pulsed Laser. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A micro/nano surface structure can produce specific properties, such as super hydrophilicity, low reflectance property, etc. A femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structure is an important manufacturing process for the micro/nano structure. This research investigated the effects of scanning intervals and laser power on the surface morphology, wetting properties, and reflectance properties of LIPSS based on a silicon wafer. The results showed that the laser power had a significant effect on the surface morphology and wettability of silicon. With the increase of laser power, the surface roughness, etching depth and surface hydrophilicity increased. However, the laser power had little effect on the surface reflectance. The scanning interval had a great influence on the wettability and reflectance property of silicon. With the decrease of the scanning interval, the surface hydrophobicity and reflectance of silicon first decrease and then remain basically stable from 10 μm.
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Influence of Periodic Non-Uniformities of Well-Structured Sapphire Surface by LIPSS on the Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystal. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030508. [PMID: 35159851 PMCID: PMC8840085 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the alignment properties of nematic liquid crystals on various transparent structured sapphire layers formed by laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). One-dimensional LIPSS (1D-LSFL) are generated by infrared femtosecond laser pulses along parallel lines covering an area of 5 × 5 mm2, with a line spacing that is varied between 7 and 17 µm. These periodic structures, employed as alignment layers, have a spatial periodicity of about 980 nm, a modulation depth of about 100 nm, and exhibit a high quality due to being characterized by a high degree of homogeneity and parallelism of the structured features. It is found that such alignment layers of the sapphire surface lead to a decreasing azimuthal anchoring energy, when the width of the unstructured gap is increased. Modifying the sapphire surface by an ITO-coating with further deposition of a polyimide film increases the azimuthal anchoring energy by a factor of about four up to Wφ ~ 4.25 × 10−6 J/m2, when the minimum width of the unstructured gap is 7 µm. Comprehensive measurements and comparisons of the azimuthal anchoring energy as well as the pretilt angle for the 1D-LSFL, unstructured gaps, and entire areas depending on the width of unstructured gaps are presented and discussed.
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Bonse J, Gräf S. Ten Open Questions about Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3326. [PMID: 34947674 PMCID: PMC8709363 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are a simple and robust route for the nanostructuring of solids that can create various surface functionalities featuring applications in optics, medicine, tribology, energy technologies, etc. While the current laser technologies already allow surface processing rates at the level of m2/min, industrial applications of LIPSS are sometimes hampered by the complex interplay between the nanoscale surface topography and the specific surface chemistry, as well as by limitations in controlling the processing of LIPSS and in the long-term stability of the created surface functions. This Perspective article aims to identify some open questions about LIPSS, discusses the pending technological limitations, and sketches the current state of theoretical modelling. Hereby, we intend to stimulate further research and developments in the field of LIPSS for overcoming these limitations and for supporting the transfer of the LIPSS technology into industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Bonse
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Gräf
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung (OSIM), Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Fang R, Zhang X, Zheng J, Pan Z, Yang C, Deng L, Li R, Lai C, Yan W, Maisotsenko VS, Vorobyev AY. Superwicking Functionality of Femtosecond Laser Textured Aluminum at High Temperatures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2964. [PMID: 34835727 PMCID: PMC8622711 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An advanced superwicking aluminum material based on a microgroove surface structure textured with both laser-induced periodic surface structures and fine microholes was produced by direct femtosecond laser nano/microstructuring technology. The created material demonstrates excellent wicking performance in a temperature range of 23 to 120 °C. The experiments on wicking dynamics show a record-high velocity of water spreading that achieves about 450 mm/s at 23 °C and 320 mm/s at 120 °C when the spreading water undergoes intensive boiling. The lifetime of classic Washburn capillary flow dynamics shortens as the temperature increases up to 80 °C. The effects of evaporation and boiling on water spreading become significant above 80 °C, resulting in vanishing of Washburn's dynamics. Both the inertial and visco-inertial flow regimes are insignificantly affected by evaporation at temperatures below the boiling point of water. The boiling effect on the inertial regime is small at 120 °C; however, its effect on the visco-inertial regime is essential. The created material with effective wicking performance under water boiling conditions can find applications in Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) high-temperature heat/mass exchangers for enhancing power generation efficiency that is an important factor in reducing CO2 emissions and mitigation of the global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Fang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xianhang Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Jiangen Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Zhonglin Pan
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.P.); (C.Y.); (L.D.)
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.P.); (C.Y.); (L.D.)
| | - Lianrui Deng
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.P.); (C.Y.); (L.D.)
| | - Rui Li
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China;
| | - Chunhong Lai
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wensheng Yan
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
| | | | - Anatoliy Y. Vorobyev
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
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