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Kalanur SS, Jae Lee Y, Seo H, Pollet BG. Enhanced photoactivity towards bismuth vanadate water splitting through tantalum doping: An experimental and density functional theory study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:94-104. [PMID: 37399754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The activation of hole trap states in bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is considered an effective strategy to enhance the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting activity. Herein, we propose a theoretical and experimental study of tantalum (Ta) doping to BiVO4 leading to the introduction of hole trap states for the enhanced PEC activity. The doping of Ta is found to alter the structural and chemical surroundings via displacement of vanadium (V) atoms that cause distortions in the lattice via the formation of hole trap states. A significant enhancement of photocurrent to ∼4.2 mA cm-2 was recorded attributing to the effective charge separation of efficiency of ∼96.7 %. Furthermore, the doping of Ta in the BiVO4 lattice offers improved charge transport in bulk and decreased charge transfer resistance at the electrolyte interface. The Ta-doped BiVO4 displays the effective production of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) under AM 1.5 G illumination with a faradaic efficiency of 90 %. Moreover, the density functional theory (DFT) study confirms the decrease in optical band gap and the activation of hole trap states below the conduction band (CB) with a contribution of Ta towards both valence and CB that increases the charge separation and majority charge carrier density, respectively. The findings of this work propose that the displacement of V sites with Ta atoms in BiVO4 photoanodes is an efficient approach for enhanced PEC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankara S Kalanur
- Green Hydrogen Lab (GH2Lab), Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtak Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Green Hydrogen Lab (GH2Lab), Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
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Psathas P, Zindrou A, Papachristodoulou C, Boukos N, Deligiannakis Y. In Tandem Control of La-Doping and CuO-Heterojunction on SrTiO 3 Perovskite by Double-Nozzle Flame Spray Pyrolysis: Selective H 2 vs. CH 4 Photocatalytic Production from H 2O/CH 3OH. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13030482. [PMID: 36770444 PMCID: PMC9920848 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ABO3 perovskites offer versatile photoactive nano-templates that can be optimized towards specific technologies, either by means of doping or via heterojunction engineering. SrTiO3 is a well-studied perovskite photocatalyst, with a highly reducing conduction-band edge. Herein we present a Double-Nozzle Flame Spray Pyrolysis (DN-FSP) technology for the synthesis of high crystallinity SrTiO3 nanoparticles with controlled La-doping in tandem with SrTiO3/CuO-heterojunction formation. So-produced La:SrTiO3/CuO nanocatalysts were optimized for photocatalysis of H2O/CH3OH mixtures by varying the La-doping level in the range from 0.25 to 0.9%. We find that, in absence of CuO, the 0.9La:SrTiO3 material achieved maximal efficient photocatalytic H2 production, i.e., 12 mmol g-1 h-1. Introduction of CuO on La:SrTiO3 enhanced selective production of methane CH4. The optimized 0.25La:SrTiO3/0.5%CuO catalyst achieved photocatalytic CH4 production of 1.5 mmol g-1 h-1. Based on XRD, XRF, XPS, BET, and UV-Vis/DRS data, we discuss the photophysical basis of these trends and attribute them to the effect of La atoms in the SrTiO3 lattice regarding the H2-production, plus the effect of interfacial CuO on the promotion of CH4 production. Technology-wise this work is among the first to exemplify the potential of DN-FSP for scalable production of complex nanomaterials such as La:SrTiO3/CuO with a diligent control of doping and heterojunction in a single-step synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Psathas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Areti Zindrou
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Nikos Boukos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Athens, Greece
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Nga TTT, Huang YC, Chen JL, Chen CL, Lin BH, Yeh PH, Du CH, Chiou JW, Pong WF, Arul KT, Dong CL, Chou WC. Effect of Ag-Decorated BiVO 4 on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Investigation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3659. [PMID: 36296846 PMCID: PMC9609331 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has attracted substantial attention on account of its usefulness in producing hydrogen by photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The exploitation of BiVO4 for this purpose is yet limited by severe charge recombination in the bulk of BiVO4, which is caused by the short diffusion length of the photoexcited charge carriers and inefficient charge separation. Enormous effort has been made to improve the photocurrent density and solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of BiVO4. This study demonstrates that modulating the composition of the electrode and the electronic configuration of BiVO4 by decoration with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is effective in not only enhancing the charge carrier concentration but also suppressing charge recombination in the solar water splitting process. Decoration with a small number of Ag NPs significantly enhances the photocurrent density of BiVO4 to an extent that increases with the concentration of the Ag NPs. At 0.5% Ag NPs, the photocurrent density approaches 4.1 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under solar simulated light illumination; this value is much higher than the 2.3 mA cm-2 of pure BiVO4 under the same conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is utilized to investigate the electronic structure of pure BiVO4 and its modification by decoration with Ag NPs. Analytical results indicate that increased distortion of the VO4 tetrahedra alters the V 3d-O 2p hybridized states. Additionally, as the Ag concentration increases, the oxygen vacancy defects that act as recombination centers in BiVO4 are reduced. In situ XAS, which is conducted under dark and solar illumination conditions, reveals that the significantly enhanced PEC performance is attributable to the synergy of modulated atomic/electronic structures and the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of the Ag nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta Thi Thuy Nga
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Research Center for X-ray Science & Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Huang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Research Center for X-ray Science & Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Liang Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hung Yeh
- Research Center for X-ray Science & Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Du
- Research Center for X-ray Science & Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Wern Chiou
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan
| | - Way-Faung Pong
- Research Center for X-ray Science & Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - K. Thanigai Arul
- Research Center for X-ray Science & Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Li Dong
- Research Center for X-ray Science & Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Ching Chou
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Luan J, Niu B, Ma B, Yang G, Liu W. Preparation and Property Characterization of In 2YSbO 7/BiSnSbO 6 Heterojunction Photocatalyst toward Photocatalytic Degradation of Indigo Carmine within Dye Wastewater under Visible-Light Irradiation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6648. [PMID: 36233988 PMCID: PMC9571768 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In2YSbO7 and In2YSbO7/BiSnSbO6 heterojunction photocatalyst were prepared by a solvothermal method for the first time. The structural characteristics of In2YSbO7 had been represented. The outcomes showed that In2YSbO7 crystallized well and possessed pyrochlore constitution, a stable cubic crystal system and space group Fd3m. The lattice parameter of In2YSbO7 was discovered to be a = 11.102698 Å and the band gap energy of In2YSbO7 was discovered to be 2.68 eV, separately. After visible-light irradiation of 120 minutes (VLGI-120M), the removal rate (ROR) of indigo carmine (IC) reached 99.42% with In2YSbO7/BiSnSbO6 heterojunction (IBH) as a photocatalyst. The ROR of total organic carbon (TOC) reached 93.10% with IBH as a photocatalyst after VLGI-120M. Additionally, the dynamics constant k which was taken from the dynamic curve toward (DCT) IC density and VLGI time with IBH as a catalyst reached 0.02950 min-1. The dynamics constant k which came from the DCT TOC density and VLGI time with IBH as a photocatalyst reached 0.01783 min-1. The photocatalytic degradation of IC in dye wastewater (DW) with IBH as a photocatalyst under VLGI was in accordance with the first-order kinetic curves. IBH was used to degrade IC in DW for three cycles of experiments under VLGI, and the ROR of IC reached 98.74%, 96.89% and 94.88%, respectively, after VLGI-120M, indicating that IBH had high stability. Compared with superoxide anions or holes, hydroxyl radicals possessed the largest oxidative ability for removing IC in DW, as demonstrated by experiments with the addition of trapping agents. Lastly, the probable degradation mechanism and degradation pathway of IC were revealed in detail. The results showed that a visible-light-responsive heterojunction photocatalyst which possessed high catalytic activity and a photocatalytic reaction system which could effectively remove IC in DW were obtained. This work provided a fresh scientific research idea for improving the performance of a single catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Luan
- School of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bowen Niu
- School of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Bingbing Ma
- School of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Guangmin Yang
- School of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Wenlu Liu
- School of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
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Control of monomeric Vo's versus Vo clusters in ZrO 2-x for solar-light H 2 production from H 2O at high-yield (millimoles gr -1 h -1). Sci Rep 2022; 12:15132. [PMID: 36071088 PMCID: PMC9452565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pristine zirconia, ZrO2, possesses high premise as photocatalyst due to its conduction band energy edge. However, its high energy-gap is prohibitive for photoactivation by solar-light. Currently, it is unclear how solar-active zirconia can be designed to meet the requirements for high photocatalytic performance. Moreover, transferring this design to an industrial-scale process is a forward-looking route. Herein, we have developed a novel Flame Spray Pyrolysis process for generating solar-light active nano-ZrO2−x via engineering of lattice vacancies, Vo. Using solar photons, our optimal nano-ZrO2−x can achieve milestone H2-production yield, > 2400 μmolg−1 h−1 (closest thus, so far, to high photocatalytic water splitting performance benchmarks). Visible light can be also exploited by nano-ZrO2−x at a high yield via a two-photon process. Control of monomeric Vo versus clusters of Vo’s is the key parameter toward Highly-Performing-Photocatalytic ZrO2−x. Thus, the reusable and sustainable ZrO2−x catalyst achieves so far unattainable solar activated photocatalysis, under large scale production.
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Kalanur SS, Seo H. An experimental and density functional theory studies of Nb-doped BiVO4 photoanodes for enhanced solar water splitting. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Preparation, Property Characterization of Gd2YSbO7/ZnBiNbO5 Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Benzotriazole under Visible Light Irradiation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gd2YSbO7/ZnBiNbO5 heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized for the first time by the facile in situ precipitation method. The structural properties of a Gd2YSbO7/ZnBiNbO5 heterojunction photocatalyst were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope-X ray energy dispersive spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectrograph and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer. The band gap energy (BGE) of Gd2YSbO7 or ZnBiNbO5 was found to be 2.396 eV or 2.696 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic property of Gd2YSbO7 or ZnBiNbO5 or Gd2YSbO7/ZnBiNbO5 heterojunction photocatalyst (GZHP) was reported. After a visible-light irradiation of 145 minutes (VLI-145 min), the removal rate (RER) of benzotriazole reached 99.05%, 82.45%, 78.23% or 47.30% with Gd2YSbO7/ZnBiNbO5 heterojunction (GZH), Gd2YSbO7, ZnBiNbO5 or N-doped TiO2 (NTO) as photocatalyst. In addition, the kinetic constant k, derived from the dynamic curve toward benzotriazole concentration and visible light irradiation time with GZH as a photocatalyst, reached 0.0213 min−1. Compared with Gd2YSbO7 or ZnBiNbO5 or NTO, GZHP showed maximal photocatalytic activity (PHA) for the photocatalytic degradation of benzotriazole under visible-light irradiation. The RER of total organic carbon during the photocatalytic degradation of benzotriazole reached 90.18%, 74.35%, 70.73% or 42.15% with GZH as a photocatalyst or with Gd2YSbO7, ZnBiNbO5 or NTO as a photocatalyst after VLI-145 min. Moreover, the kinetic constant k, which came from the dynamic curve toward total organic carbon concentration and visible light irradiation time with GZH as a photocatalyst, reached 0.0110 min−1. Based on above results, GZHP showed the maximal mineralization percentage ratio when GZHP degraded benzotriazole. The results showed that hydroxyl radicals was the main oxidation radical during the degradation of benzotriazole. The photocatalytic degradation of benzotriazole with GZH as a photocatalyst conformed to the first-order reaction kinetics. Our research aimed to improve the photocatalytic properties of the single photocatalyst.
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Synthesis, Property Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of the Ag3PO4/Gd2BiTaO7 Heterojunction Catalyst under Visible Light Irradiation. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of Gd2BiTaO7 nanocatalyst (GBT) was synthesized by a high-temperature solid-phase method, and a heterojunction photocatalyst, which was composed of GBT and silver phosphate (AP), was prepared by the facile in-situ precipitation method for the first time. The photocatalytic property of GBT or the Ag3PO4/Gd2BiTaO7 heterojunction photocatalyst (AGHP) was reported. The structural properties of GBT and AGHP were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope–X-ray energy dispersive spectra, an X-ray photoelectron spectrograph, a synchrotron-based ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscope, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, an UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer and an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer. The results displayed that GBT was well crystallized with a stable cubic crystal system and space group Fd3m. The lattice parameter or band gap energy of GBT was found to be a = 10.740051 Å or 2.35 eV, respectively. After visible light irradiation of 30 min, the removal rate of bisphenol A (BPA) reached 99.52%, 95.53% or 37.00% with AGHP as the photocatalyst, with Ag3PO4 and potassium persulfate (AP-PS) as photocatalysts or with N-doped TiO2 (NT) as a photocatalyst, respectively. According to the experimental data, it could be found that the removal rate of BPA with AGHP as a photocatalyst was 2.69 times higher than that with NT as a photocatalyst. AGHP showed higher photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic degradation of BPA under visible light irradiation compared with GBT or AP-PS or NT. The removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) was 96.21%, 88.10% or 30.55% with AGHP as a photocatalyst, with AP-PS as photocatalysts or with NT as a photocatalyst after visible light irradiation of 30 min. The above results indicated that AGHP possessed the maximal mineralization percentage ratio during the process of degrading BPA compared with GBT or AP-PS or NT. The results indicated that the main oxidation radical was •OH during the process of degrading BPA. The photocatalytic degradation of BPA with AGHP as a photocatalyst conformed to the first-order reaction kinetics. This study provided inspiration for obtaining visible light-responsive heterojunction photocatalysts with high catalytic activity and efficient removal technologies for organic pollutants and toxic pollutants, and as a result, the potential practical applications of visible light-responsive heterojunction photocatalysts were widened. The subsequent research of thin-film plating of the heterojunction catalysts and the construction of complete photoluminescent thin-film catalytic reaction systems, which utilized visible light irradiation, could provide new technologies and perspectives for the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment industry.
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Research Progress and Application of Single-Atom Catalysts: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216501. [PMID: 34770910 PMCID: PMC8587903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to excellent performance properties such as strong activity and high selectivity, single-atom catalysts have been widely used in various catalytic reactions. Exploring the application of single-atom catalysts and elucidating their reaction mechanism has become a hot area of research. This article first introduces the structure and characteristics of single-atom catalysts, and then reviews recent preparation methods, characterization techniques, and applications of single-atom catalysts, including their application potential in electrochemistry and photocatalytic reactions. Finally, application prospects and future development directions of single-atom catalysts are outlined.
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Li X, Dong Y, Hu G, Ma K, Chen M, Ding Y. Morphology Engineering of BiVO 4 with CoO x Derived from Cobalt-containing Polyoxometalate as Co-catalyst for Oxygen Evolution. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2967-2972. [PMID: 34352152 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4 ) as a metal oxidation semiconductor has stimulated extensive attention in the photocatalytic water splitting field. However, the poor transport ability and easy recombination of charge carriers limit photocatalytic water oxidation activity of pure BiVO4 . Herein, the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 is enhanced via adjusting its morphology and combination co-catalyst. First, the Cu-BiVO4 was synthesized by copper doping to control the growth of {110} facet of BiVO4 , which is regarded for the separation of photo-generated charge carriers. Then the CoOx in-situ generated from K6 [SiCoII (H2 O)W11 O39 ] ⋅ 16H2 O was photo-deposited on Cu-BiVO4 surface as co-catalyst to speed up reaction kinetics. Cu-BiVO4 @CoOx hybrid catalyst shows highest photocatalytic activity and best stability among all the prepared catalysts. Oxygen evolution is about 34.6 μmol in pH 4 acetic acid buffer under 420 nm LED irradiation, which is nearly 20 times higher than that of pure BiVO4 . Apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) in 1 h and O2 yield are 1.83% and 23.1%, respectively. O2 evolution amount nearly maintains the original value even after 5 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yinjuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Gaoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kangwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Mengxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
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