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Khatua R, Bhar B, Dey S, Jaiswal C, J V, Mandal BB. Advances in engineered nanosystems: immunomodulatory interactions for therapeutic applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12820-12856. [PMID: 38888201 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have led to significant progress in the design and fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) with improved therapeutic properties. NPs have been explored for modulating the immune system, serving as carriers for drug delivery or vaccine adjuvants, or acting as therapeutics themselves against a wide range of deadly diseases. The combination of NPs with immune system-targeting moieties has facilitated the development of improved targeted immune therapies. Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents using NPs specifically to the disease-affected cells, distinguishing them from other host cells, offers the major advantage of concentrating the therapeutic effect and reducing systemic side effects. Furthermore, the properties of NPs, including size, shape, surface charge, and surface modifications, influence their interactions with the targeted biological components. This review aims to provide insights into these diverse emerging and innovative approaches that are being developed and utilized for modulating the immune system using NPs. We reviewed various types of NPs composed of different materials and their specific application for modulating the immune system. Furthermore, we focused on the mechanistic effects of these therapeutic NPs on primary immune components, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and complement systems. Additionally, a recent overview of clinically approved immunomodulatory nanomedicines and potential future perspectives, offering new paradigms of this field, is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Khatua
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Bibrita Bhar
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
| | - Chitra Jaiswal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Victoria J
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
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Mushtaq W, Ishtiaq M, Maqbool M, Mazhar MW, Casini R, Abd-ElGawad AM, Elansary HO. Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Viscum album Extracts: Unveiling Bioactive Compounds, Antibacterial Potential, and Antioxidant Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112130. [PMID: 37299109 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study explored the antioxidant and antibacterial capabilities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthetized using methanolic leaf extracts of the medicinal herb Viscum album. Through TEM investigation and UV-Vis analysis, which peaked at 406 nm, the synthesis of ZnONPs was verified. TEM analyses showed that the synthesized ZnONPs had a size distribution with an average of 13.5 nm and a quasi-spherical shape. Forty-four phytoconstituents were found in the methanolic leaf extracts of V. album. Additionally, a comparison of the antibacterial effectiveness and antioxidant capacity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of wild-grown V. album phytomedicine and green-manufactured ZnONPs was conducted. The green-generated ZnONPs were examined against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and shown to have superior antibacterial activity by 22%, 66%, and 44%, respectively, as compared to wild herbal medicinal extracts. Since the ZnONPs' aqueous extracts had higher concentrations of DNA gyrase-B inhibitory components, they were shown to be more effective in limiting bacterial growth. In contrast to the percentages of 49% and 57% for a wild plant extract, the aqueous- and methanolic-extract-mediated green ZnONPs, with a 100 g/mL concentration, showed 94% and 98% scavenging capacity for DPPH free radicals, respectively. However, methanolic extracts were more effective than aqueous extracts in terms of the antioxidant analyses. This study establishes that greenly produced ZnONPs have the potential to be used in nanomedicine to treat bacteria that are resistant to a variety of drugs, as well as those with reactive oxygen species toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheeda Mushtaq
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Maqbool
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas Mazhar
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
| | - Ryan Casini
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Ahmed M Abd-ElGawad
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Mobeen H, Safdar M, Fatima A, Afzal S, Zaman H, Mehdi Z. Emerging applications of nanotechnology in context to immunology: A comprehensive review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1024871. [PMID: 36619389 PMCID: PMC9815620 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1024871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous benefits of nanotechnology are available in many scientific domains. In this sense, nanoparticles serve as the fundamental foundation of nanotechnology. Recent developments in nanotechnology have demonstrated that nanoparticles have enormous promise for use in almost every field of life sciences. Nanoscience and nanotechnology use the distinctive characteristics of tiny nanoparticles (NPs) for various purposes in electronics, fabrics, cosmetics, biopharmaceutical industries, and medicines. The exclusive physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of nanoparticles prompt different immune responses in the body. Nanoparticles are believed to have strong potential for the development of advanced adjuvants, cytokines, vaccines, drugs, immunotherapies, and theranostic applications for the treatment of targeted bacterial, fungal, viral, and allergic diseases and removal of the tumor with minimal toxicity as compared to macro and microstructures. This review highlights the medical and non-medical applications with a detailed discussion on enhanced and targeted natural and acquired immunity against pathogens provoked by nanoparticles. The immunological aspects of the nanotechnology field are beyond the scope of this Review. However, we provide updated data that will explore novel theragnostic immunological applications of nanotechnology for better and immediate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hifsa Mobeen
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Fatima
- Pakistan Institute of Quality Control, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samia Afzal
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Zaman
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zuhair Mehdi
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Pisoschi AM, Iordache F, Stanca L, Gajaila I, Ghimpeteanu OM, Geicu OI, Bilteanu L, Serban AI. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Roles of Nonvitamin Antioxidants in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12562-12593. [PMID: 36136726 PMCID: PMC9514372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Viral pathologies encompass activation of pro-oxidative pathways and inflammatory burst. Alleviating overproduction of reactive oxygen species and cytokine storm in COVID-19 is essential to counteract the immunogenic damage in endothelium and alveolar membranes. Antioxidants alleviate oxidative stress, cytokine storm, hyperinflammation, and diminish the risk of organ failure. Direct antiviral roles imply: impact on viral spike protein, interference with the ACE2 receptor, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, transmembrane protease serine 2 or furin, and impact on of helicase, papain-like protease, 3-chyomotrypsin like protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Prooxidative environment favors conformational changes in the receptor binding domain, promoting the affinity of the spike protein for the host receptor. Viral pathologies imply a vicious cycle, oxidative stress promoting inflammatory responses, and vice versa. The same was noticed with respect to the relationship antioxidant impairment-viral replication. Timing, dosage, pro-oxidative activities, mutual influences, and interference with other antioxidants should be carefully regarded. Deficiency is linked to illness severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Iuliana Gajaila
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Oana Margarita Ghimpeteanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
- Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul
Independentei, 050095Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
- Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory,
National Institute for Research and Development in
Microtechnologies, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190Bucharest,
Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical
Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097Bucharest,
Romania
- Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul
Independentei, 050095Bucharest, Romania
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Hassan ME, Hassan MA, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Aziem SH, Bakeer RM, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Zinc-loaded whey protein nanoparticles alleviate the oxidative damage and enhance the gene expression of inflammatory mediators in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127030. [PMID: 35779434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element required for the function of the immune system. However, Zn fortification of food has faced some challenges, although excess Zn may be induced obesity and other related. This study aimed to use Zn-loaded whey protein nanoparticles (Zn-WPNPs) to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of Zn in rats treated with CCl4. METHODS Zn was loaded to WPNPs at a level of 14 mg/g. Four experimental groups of male albino Wistar rats were treated for 30 days including the control group, CCl4-treated group (0.5 ml/100 g b.w), Zn plus CCl4-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w), and CCl4 plus Zn-WPNPs-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w). Blood and tissue samples were collected for different assays and histological examinations. RESULTS The results revealed that CCl4 disturbs the serum biochemical, hematological, and immune indicators in different organs besides the liver as a target organ. Animals that received CCl4 showed a significant increase in oxidative stress markers, cytokines, and the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in the lung and spleen accompanied by a significant decrease in the hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes along with histological changes in the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung. Zn or Zn-WPNPs could improve these parameters and the histological picture of the tested organs and Zn-WPNPs were more effective than Zn alone. CONCLUSION WPNPs induced synergistic immune-modulating effects which may control Zn release and may be a suitable candidate to enhance the immune system during any pandemic or the exposure to any chemicals that affect the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E Hassan
- Toxicology Department, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A Hassan
- Food Evaluation and Food Science Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rofanda M Bakeer
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040634. [PMID: 35214963 PMCID: PMC8875473 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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