1
|
Razzaq MY, Balk M, Mazurek-Budzyńska M, Schadewald A. From Nature to Technology: Exploring Bioinspired Polymer Actuators via Electrospinning. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4029. [PMID: 37836078 PMCID: PMC10574948 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has always been a source of inspiration for the development of novel materials and devices. In particular, polymer actuators that mimic the movements and functions of natural organisms have been of great interest due to their potential applications in various fields, such as biomedical engineering, soft robotics, and energy harvesting. During recent years, the development and actuation performance of electrospun fibrous meshes with the advantages of high permeability, surface area, and easy functional modification, has received extensive attention from researchers. This review covers the recent progress in the state-of-the-art electrospun actuators based on commonly used polymers such as stimuli-sensitive hydrogels, shape-memory polymers (SMPs), and electroactive polymers. The design strategies inspired by nature such as hierarchical systems, layered structures, and responsive interfaces to enhance the performance and functionality of these actuators, including the role of biomimicry to create devices that mimic the behavior of natural organisms, are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future directions in the field, with a focus on the development of more efficient and versatile electrospun polymer actuators which can be used in a wide range of applications, are addressed. The insights gained from this review can contribute to the development of advanced and multifunctional actuators with improved performance and expanded application possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasar Razzaq
- Institut für Kunststofftechnologie und Recycling e. V., Gewerbepark 3, D-6369 Südliches Anhalt, Germany
| | - Maria Balk
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, D-14513 Teltow, Germany
| | | | - Anke Schadewald
- Institut für Kunststofftechnologie und Recycling e. V., Gewerbepark 3, D-6369 Südliches Anhalt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han L, Wang Y, Wu L, Wu Z, He Y, Mao H, Gu Z. Effects of Chemical Composition on the Shape Memory Property of Poly(dl-lactide- co-trimethylene carbonate) as Self-Morphing Small-Diameter Vascular Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:520-530. [PMID: 36459430 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Smart materials have great potential in many biomedical applications, in which biodegradable shape memory polymers (SMPs) can be used as surgical sutures, implants, and stents. Poly(dl-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PDLLTC) represents one of the promising SMPs and is widely used in biomedical applications. However, the relationship between its shape memory property and chemical structure has not been fully studied and needs further elaboration. In this work, PDLLTC copolymers in different compositions have been synthesized, and their shape memory properties have been investigated. It has been found that the shape memory property is related to the chemical composition and polymeric chain segments. The copolymer with a DLLA/TMC ratio of 75:25 (PDLLTC7525) has been demonstrated with great shape fixation and recovery ratio at human body temperature. Furthermore, PDLLTC7525-based self-morphing small-diameter vascular scaffolds adhered with inner electrospun aligned gelatin/hyaluronic acid (Gel/HA) nanofibers have been constructed, as a merit of its shape memory property. The scaffolds have been demonstrated to facilitate the proliferation and adhesion of endothelial cells on the inner layer. Therefore, PDLLTC with tailorable shape memory properties represents a promising candidate for the development of SMPs, as well as for small-diameter vascular scaffolds construction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Lihuang Wu
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Wu
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Yiyan He
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China.,NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing210000, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Mao
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China.,NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing210000, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China.,NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing210000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Four-Dimensional Printing and Shape Memory Materials in Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010814. [PMID: 36614258 PMCID: PMC9821376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of severe bone defects is still a formidable clinical challenge, requiring the implantation of bone grafts or bone substitute materials. The development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has received considerable attention in bone tissue engineering over the past decade. However, 3D printing has a limitation. It only takes into account the original form of the printed scaffold, which is inanimate and static, and is not suitable for dynamic organisms. With the emergence of stimuli-responsive materials, four-dimensional (4D) printing has become the next-generation solution for biological tissue engineering. It combines the concept of time with three-dimensional printing. Over time, 4D-printed scaffolds change their appearance or function in response to environmental stimuli (physical, chemical, and biological). In conclusion, 4D printing is the change of the fourth dimension (time) in 3D printing, which provides unprecedented potential for bone tissue repair. In this review, we will discuss the latest research on shape memory materials and 4D printing in bone tissue repair.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pisani S, Genta I, Modena T, Dorati R, Bruni G, Benazzo M, Conti B. A proof of concept to define the parameters affecting poly-L-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone shape memory electrospun nanofibers for biomedical applications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:593-607. [PMID: 35978259 PMCID: PMC9794533 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study is a proof of concept performed to evaluate process parameters affecting shape memory effect of copolymer poly-L-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone (PLA:PCL) 70:30 ratio based nanofibrous scaffolds. A design of experiment (DOE) statistical approach was used to define the interaction between independent material and process variables related to electrospun scaffold manufacturing, such as polymer solution concentration (w/v%), spinning time (min), and needle size (Gauge), and their influence on Rf% (ability of the scaffold to maintain the induced temporary shape) and Rr% (ability of the scaffold to recover its original shape) outputs. A mathematical model was obtained from DOE useful to predict scaffold Rf% and Rr% values. PLA-PCL 15% w/v, 22G needle, and 20-min spinning time were selected to confirm the data obtained from theoretical model. Subsequent morphological (SEM), chemical-physical (GPC and DSC), mechanical (uniaxial tensile tests), and biological (cell viability and adhesion) characterizations were performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pisani
- grid.419425.f0000 0004 1760 3027Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Modena
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella Dorati
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bruni
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Chemistry, Physico-Chemical Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Benazzo
- grid.419425.f0000 0004 1760 3027Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xi J, Shahab S, Mirzaeifar R. Qualifying the contribution of fiber diameter on the acrylate-based electrospun shape memory polymer nano/microfiber properties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29162-29169. [PMID: 36320747 PMCID: PMC9554738 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrous shape memory polymers (SMPs) have received growing interest in various applications, especially in biomedical applications, which offer new structures at the microscopic level and the potential of enhanced shape deformation of SMPs. In this paper, we report on the development and investigation of the properties of acrylate-based shape memory polymer fibers, fabricated by electrospinning technology with the addition of polystyrene (PS). Fibers with different diameters are manufactured using four different PS solution concentrations (25, 30, 35, and 40 wt%) and three flow rates (1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 μL min-1) with a 25 kV applied voltage and 17 cm electrospinning distance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images reveal that the average fiber diameter varies with polymer concentration and flow rates, ranging from 0.655 ± 0.376 to 4.975 ± 1.634 μm. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and stress-strain testing present that the glass transition temperature and tensile values are affected by fiber diameter distribution. The cyclic bending test directly proves that the electrospun SMP fiber webs are able to fully recover; additionally, the recovery speed is also affected by fiber diameter. With the combination of the SMP material and electrospinning technology, this work paves the way in designing and optimizing future SMP fibers properties by adjusting the fiber diameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA https://www.futurematerials-lab.com/ +1-540-231-2903 +1-540-231-8697
| | - Shima Shahab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA https://www.futurematerials-lab.com/ +1-540-231-2903 +1-540-231-8697
| | - Reza Mirzaeifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA https://www.futurematerials-lab.com/ +1-540-231-2903 +1-540-231-8697
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Y, Guo G, Wei Z, Qian J. Programming Soft Shape-Morphing Systems by Harnessing Strain Mismatch and Snap-Through Bistability: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:2397. [PMID: 35407728 PMCID: PMC8999758 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Multi-modal and controllable shape-morphing constitutes the cornerstone of the functionalization of soft actuators/robots. Involving heterogeneity through material layout is a widely used strategy to generate internal mismatches in active morphing structures. Once triggered by external stimuli, the entire structure undergoes cooperative deformation by minimizing the potential energy. However, the intrinsic limitation of soft materials emerges when it comes to applications such as soft actuators or load-bearing structures that require fast response and large output force. Many researchers have explored the use of the structural principle of snap-through bistability as the morphing mechanisms. Bistable or multi-stable mechanical systems possess more than one local energy minimum and are capable of resting in any of these equilibrium states without external forces. The snap-through motion could overcome energy barriers to switch among these stable or metastable states with dramatically distinct geometries. Attributed to the energy storage and release mechanism, such snap-through transition is quite highly efficient, accompanied by fast response speed, large displacement magnitude, high manipulation strength, and moderate driving force. For example, the shape-morphing timescale of conventional hydrogel systems is usually tens of minutes, while the activation time of hydrogel actuators using the elastic snapping instability strategy can be reduced to below 1 s. By rationally embedding stimuli-responsive inclusions to offer the required trigger energy, various controllable snap-through actuations could be achieved. This review summarizes the current shape-morphing programming strategies based on mismatch strain induced by material heterogeneity, with emphasis on how to leverage snap-through bistability to broaden the applications of the shape-morphing structures in soft robotics and mechanical metamaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (G.G.); (Z.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shape-Memory Materials via Electrospinning: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050995. [PMID: 35267818 PMCID: PMC8914658 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to point out the importance of the synergic effects of two relevant and appealing polymeric issues: electrospun fibers and shape-memory properties. The attention is focused specifically on the design and processing of electrospun polymeric fibers with shape-memory capabilities and their potential application fields. It is shown that this field needs to be explored more from both scientific and industrial points of view; however, very promising results have been obtained up to now in the biomedical field and also as sensors and actuators and in electronics.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mechanical and Shape Memory Properties of Electrospun Polyurethane with Thiol-Ene Crosslinking. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030406. [PMID: 35159750 PMCID: PMC8839717 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to treat complex medical issues often requires dynamic and versatile materials. Electrospinning is a fabrication technique which produces nano-/microfibers that can mimic the extracellular matrix of many biological tissues while shape memory polymers allow for geometric changes in devices upon implantation. Here, we present the fabrication of electrospun polyurethane which exhibits the shape memory effect. To improve the mechanical and shape memory properties of this system, we incorporate vinyl side chains in the polymer backbone which enable crosslinking via thiol-ene click chemistry post fabrication. We also discuss a novel technique to improve photoinitiated crosslinking for electrospun materials. A material with these properties is potentially beneficial for various medical applications, such as vascular anastomosis, and the characterization of this material will be valuable in directing those applications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pisani S, Genta I, Modena T, Dorati R, Benazzo M, Conti B. Shape-Memory Polymers Hallmarks and Their Biomedical Applications in the Form of Nanofibers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1290. [PMID: 35163218 PMCID: PMC8835830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape-Memory Polymers (SMPs) are considered a kind of smart material able to modify size, shape, stiffness and strain in response to different external (heat, electric and magnetic field, water or light) stimuli including the physiologic ones such as pH, body temperature and ions concentration. The ability of SMPs is to memorize their original shape before triggered exposure and after deformation, in the absence of the stimulus, and to recover their original shape without any help. SMPs nanofibers (SMPNs) have been increasingly investigated for biomedical applications due to nanofiber's favorable properties such as high surface area per volume unit, high porosity, small diameter, low density, desirable fiber orientation and nanoarchitecture mimicking native Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM). This review focuses on the main properties of SMPs, their classification and shape-memory effects. Moreover, advantages in the use of SMPNs and different biomedical application fields are reported and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pisani
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy or (S.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.G.); (T.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Tiziana Modena
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.G.); (T.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.G.); (T.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Marco Benazzo
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy or (S.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.G.); (T.M.); (R.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liguori A, Pandini S, Rinoldi C, Zaccheroni N, Pierini F, Focarete ML, Gualandi C. Thermo-active Smart Electrospun Nanofibers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100694. [PMID: 34962002 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The recent burst of research on smart materials is a clear evidence of the growing interest of the scientific community, industry, and society in the field. The exploitation of the great potential of stimuli-responsive materials for sensing, actuation, logic, and control applications is favored and supported by new manufacturing technologies, such as electrospinning, that allows to endow smart materials with micro- and nano-structuration, thus opening up additional and unprecedented prospects. In this wide and lively scenario, this article systematically reviews the current advances in the development of thermo-active electrospun fibers and textiles, sorting them, according to their response to the thermal stimulus. Hence, several platforms including thermo-responsive systems, shape memory polymers, thermo-optically responsive systems, phase change materials, thermoelectric materials, and pyroelectric materials, have been described and critically discussed. The difference in active species and outputs of the aforementioned categories has been highlighted, evidencing the transversal nature of temperature stimulus. Moreover, the potential of novel thermo-active materials has been pointed out, revealing how their development could take to utmost interesting achievements. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Stefano Pandini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Nelsi Zaccheroni
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang YJ, Chen YF, Hsiao PH, Lam TN, Ko WC, Luo MY, Chuang WT, Su CJ, Chang JH, Chung CF, Huang EW. In-Situ Synchrotron SAXS and WAXS Investigation on the Deformation of Single and Coaxial Electrospun P(VDF-TrFE)-Based Nanofibers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12669. [PMID: 34884475 PMCID: PMC8657938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coaxial core/shell electrospun nanofibers consisting of ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) and relaxor ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) are tailor-made with hierarchical structures to modulate their mechanical properties with respect to their constituents. Compared with two single and the other coaxial membranes prepared in the research, the core/shell-TrFE/CTFE membrane shows a more prominent mechanical anisotropy between revolving direction (RD) and cross direction (CD) associated with improved resistance to tensile stress for the crystallite phase stability and good strength-ductility balance. This is due to the better degree of core/shell-TrFE-CTFE nanofiber alignment and the crystalline/amorphous ratio. The coupling between terpolymer P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) and copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) is responsible for phase stabilization, comparing the core/shell-TrFE/CTFE with the pristine terpolymer. Moreover, an impressive collective deformation mechanism of a two-length scale in the core/shell composite structure is found. We apply in-situ synchrotron X-ray to resolve the two-length scale simultaneously by using the small-angle X-ray scattering to characterize the nanofibers and the wide-angle X-ray diffraction to identify the phase transformations. Our findings may serve as guidelines for the fabrication of the electrospun nanofibers used as membranes-based electroactive polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Huang
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (P.-H.H.); (M.-Y.L.); (E.-W.H.)
| | - Tu-Ngoc Lam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (P.-H.H.); (M.-Y.L.); (E.-W.H.)
- Department of Physics, College of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam
| | - Wen-Ching Ko
- Central Region Campus, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nantou 54041, Taiwan;
| | - Mao-Yuan Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (P.-H.H.); (M.-Y.L.); (E.-W.H.)
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan; (W.-T.C.); (C.-J.S.)
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan; (W.-T.C.); (C.-J.S.)
| | - Jen-Hao Chang
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan;
| | - Cho Fan Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - E-Wen Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (P.-H.H.); (M.-Y.L.); (E.-W.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vakil AU, Petryk NM, Shepherd E, Monroe MBB. Biostable Shape Memory Polymer Foams for Smart Biomaterial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234084. [PMID: 34883587 PMCID: PMC8658902 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane foams provide a wide range of applications as a biomaterial system due to the ability to tune their physical, chemical, and biological properties to meet the requirements of the intended applications. Another key parameter that determines the usability of this biomaterial is its degradability under body conditions. Several current approaches focus on slowing the degradation rate for applications that require the implant to be present for a longer time frame (over 100 days). Here, biostable shape memory polymer (SMP) foams were synthesized with added ether-containing monomers to tune the degradation rates. The physical, thermal and shape memory properties of these foams were characterized along with their cytocompatibility and blood interactions. Degradation profiles were assessed in vitro in oxidative (3% H2O2; real-time) and hydrolytic media (0.1 M NaOH; accelerated) at 37 °C. The resulting foams had tunable degradation rates, with up 15% mass remaining after 108 days, and controlled erosion profiles. These easy-to-use, shape-filling SMP foams have the potential for various biomaterial applications where longer-term stability without the need for implant removal is desired.
Collapse
|
13
|
Scafa Udriște A, Niculescu AG, Grumezescu AM, Bădilă E. Cardiovascular Stents: A Review of Past, Current, and Emerging Devices. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2498. [PMID: 34065986 PMCID: PMC8151529 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is coronary artery disease, a condition characterized by the narrowing of the artery due to plaque deposits. The standard of care for treating this disease is the introduction of a stent at the lesion site. This life-saving tubular device ensures vessel support, keeping the blood-flow path open so that the cardiac muscle receives its vital nutrients and oxygen supply. Several generations of stents have been iteratively developed towards improving patient outcomes and diminishing adverse side effects following the implanting procedure. Moving from bare-metal stents to drug-eluting stents, and recently reaching bioresorbable stents, this research field is under continuous development. To keep up with how stent technology has advanced in the past few decades, this paper reviews the evolution of these devices, focusing on how they can be further optimized towards creating an ideal vascular scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Scafa Udriște
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.U.); (E.B.)
- Cardiology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Bădilă
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.U.); (E.B.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|