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Khlebtsov BN, Burov AM, Zarkov SV, Khlebtsov NG. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from Au nanorods, nanotriangles, and nanostars with tuned plasmon resonances. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30903-30913. [PMID: 37955312 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04541b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic theory predicts that the optimal value of the localized plasmon resonance (LPR) wavelength for the maximal SERS enhancement factor (EF) is half the sum of the laser and Raman wavelengths. For small Raman shifts, the theoretical EF scales as the fourth power of the local field. However, experimental data often disagree with these theoretical conclusions, leaving the question of choosing the optimal plasmon resonance for the maximal SERS signal unresolved. Here, we present experimental data for gold nanorods (AuNRs), gold nanotriangles (AuNTs), and gold nanostars (AuNSTs) simulating 1D, 2D, and 3D plasmonic nanostructures, respectively. The LPR wavelengths were tuned by chemical etching within 580-1020 nm at a constant concentration of the particles. The particles were functionalized with Cy7.5 and NBT, and the dependence of the intensity at 940 cm-1 (Cy7.5) and 1343 cm-1 (NBT) on the LPR wavelength was examined for laser wavelengths of 633 nm and 785 nm. The electromagnetic SERS EFs were calculated by averaging the product of the local field intensities at the laser and Raman wavelengths over the particle surface and their random orientations. The calculated SERS plasmonic profiles were redshifted compared to the laser wavelength. For 785 nm excitation, the calculated EFs were five to seven times higher than those for 633 nm excitation. With AuNR@Cy7.5 and AuNT@ Cy7.5, the experimental SERS was 35-fold stronger than it was with NBT-functionalized particles, but with AuNST@Cy7.5 and AuNST@NBT, the SERS responses were similar. With all nanoparticles tested, the SERS plasmonic profiles after 785 nm excitation were slightly blue-shifted, as compared with the laser wavelength, possibly owing to the inner filter effect. After 633 nm excitation, the SERS profiles were red-shifted, in agreement with EM theory. In all cases, the plasmonic EF profiles were much broadened compared to the calculated ones and did not follow the four-power law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris N Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia.
| | - Andrey M Burov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Zarkov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia.
| | - Nikolai G Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia.
- Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov 410012, Russia
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Podlesnaia E, Gerald Inangha P, Vesenka J, Seyring M, Hempel HJ, Rettenmayr M, Csáki A, Fritzsche W. Microfluidic-Generated Seeds for Gold Nanotriangle Synthesis in Three or Two Steps. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204810. [PMID: 36855325 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle synthesis has drawn great attention in the last decades. The study of crystal growth mechanisms and optimization of the existing methods lead to the increasing accessibility of nanomaterials, such as gold nanotriangles which have great potential in the fields of plasmonics and catalysis. To form such structures, a careful balance of reaction parameters has to be maintained. Herein, a novel synthesis of gold nanotriangles from seeds derived with a micromixer, which provides a highly efficient mixing and simple parameter control is reported. The impact of the implemented reactor on the primary seed characteristics is investigated. The following growth steps are studied to reveal the phenomena affecting the shape yield. The use of microfluidic seeds led to the formation of well-defined triangles with a narrower size distribution compared to the entirely conventional batch synthesis. A shortened two-step procedure for the formation of triangles directly from primary seeds, granting an express but robust synthesis is further described. Moreover, the need for a thorough study of seed crystallinity depending on the synthesis conditions, which - together with additional parameter optimization - will bring a new perspective to the use of micromixers which are promising for scaling up nanomaterial production is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Podlesnaia
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Princess Gerald Inangha
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - James Vesenka
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Martin Seyring
- Department of Metallic Materials, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University (FSU), Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Schmalkalden University of Applied Sciences, Blechhammer 4-9, 98574, Schmalkalden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Hempel
- Department of Metallic Materials, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University (FSU), Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Rettenmayr
- Department of Metallic Materials, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University (FSU), Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Csáki
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fritzsche
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Zorlu T, Correa-Duarte MA, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Composite nanoparticle-metal-organic frameworks for SERS sensing. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2887549. [PMID: 37125707 DOI: 10.1063/5.0144695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, metal-organic frameworks, in general, and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, in special, had become popular due to their large surface area, pore homogeneity, and easy preparation and integration with plasmonic nanoparticles to produce optical sensors. Herein, we summarize the late advances in the use of these hybrid composites in the field of surface-enhanced Raman scattering and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Zorlu
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de Marcel∙lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Center for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISGS) and Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Miguel A Correa-Duarte
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Center for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISGS) and Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ramon A Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de Marcel∙lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Jeyachandran N, Yuan W, Giordano C. Cutting-Edge Electrocatalysts for CO 2RR. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083504. [PMID: 37110739 PMCID: PMC10144160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A world-wide growing concern relates to the rising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere that leads to devastating consequences for our environment. In addition to reducing emissions, one alternative strategy is the conversion of CO2 (via the CO2 Reduction Reaction, or CO2RR) into added-value chemicals, such as CO, HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH4, and more. Although this strategy is currently not economically feasible due to the high stability of the CO2 molecule, significant progress has been made to optimize this electrochemical conversion, especially in terms of finding a performing catalyst. In fact, many noble and non-noble metal-based systems have been investigated but achieving CO2 conversion with high faradaic efficiency (FE), high selectivity towards specific products (e.g., hydrocarbons), and maintaining long-term stability is still challenging. The situation is also aggravated by a concomitant hydrogen production reaction (HER), together with the cost and/or scarcity of some catalysts. This review aims to present, among the most recent studies, some of the best-performing catalysts for CO2RR. By discussing the reasons behind their performances, and relating them to their composition and structural features, some key qualities for an "optimal catalyst" can be defined, which, in turn, will help render the conversion of CO2 a practical, as well as economically feasible process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha Jeyachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Wangchao Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Cristina Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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Editorial for the Special Issue on "Process Intensification Techniques for the Production of Nanoparticles". NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061534. [PMID: 34200655 PMCID: PMC8226725 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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