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Fang PH, Chang HC, Cheng HL, Huang CC, Wang S, Teng CH, Chia ZC, Chiang HP, Ruan J, Shih WA, Chou WY. Bacteria Contaminants Detected by Organic Inverter-Based Biosensors. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1462. [PMID: 38891409 PMCID: PMC11174487 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of bacteria detection lies in its role in enabling early intervention, disease prevention, environmental protection, and effective treatment strategies. Advancements in technology continually enhance the speed, accuracy, and sensitivity of detection methods, aiding in addressing these critical issues. This study first reports the fabrication of an inverter constructed using crosslinked-poly(4-vinylphenol) (C-PVP) as the dielectric layer and an organic complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (O-CMOS) based on pentacene and N,N'-ditridecylperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C13) as a diagnostic biosensor to rapidly detect bacterial concentration. Bacteria including Escherichia coli O157, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25922, and Enterococcus faecalis SH-1051210 were analysed on the inverters at an ultra-low operating voltage of 2 V. The high density of negative charge on bacteria surfaces strongly modulates the accumulated negative carriers within the inverter channel, resulting in a shift of the switching voltage. The inverter-based bacteria sensor exhibits a linear-like response to bacteria concentrations ranging from 102 to 108 CFU/mL, with a sensitivity above 60%. Compared to other bacterial detectors, the advantage of using an inverter lies in its ability to directly read the switching voltage without requiring an external computing device. This facilitates rapid and accurate bacterial concentration measurement, offering significant ease of use and potential for mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsiang Fang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Chang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Long Cheng
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hao Teng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Chun Chia
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Pang Chiang
- Department of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jrjeng Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Shih
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yang Chou
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Gao J, Chakraborthy A, He S, Yang S, Afsarimanesh N, Nag A, Deng S. Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Microorganisms in Food: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:579. [PMID: 37366944 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a constant need to maintain the quality of consumed food. In retrospect to the recent pandemic and other food-related problems, scientists have focused on the numbers of microorganisms that are present in different food items. As a result of changes in certain environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, there is a constant risk for the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, in consumed food. This questions the edibility of the food items, and constant monitoring to avoid food poisoning-related diseases is required. Among the different nanomaterials used to develop sensors to detect microorganisms, graphene has been one of the primary materials due to its exceptional electromechanical properties. Graphene sensors are able to detect microorganisms in both a composite and non-composite manner, due to their excellent electrochemical characteristics such as their high aspect ratios, excellent charge transfer capacity and high electron mobility. The paper depicts the fabrication of some of these graphene-based sensors, and their utilization to detect bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms that are present in very small amounts in different food items. In addition to the classified manner of the graphene-based sensors, this paper also depicts some of the challenges that exist in current scenarios, and their possible remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Gao
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Aniket Chakraborthy
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shan He
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- College of Engineering, IT & Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 0810, Australia
| | - Song Yang
- Yihai Food Technology Co., Ltd., Ma'anshan 243000, China
| | - Nasrin Afsarimanesh
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 2605, Australia
| | - Anindya Nag
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shanggui Deng
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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Thakur A, Kumar A. Recent advances on rapid detection and remediation of environmental pollutants utilizing nanomaterials-based (bio)sensors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155219. [PMID: 35421493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental safety has become a significant issue for the safety of living species, humans, and the ecosystem as a consequence of the harmful and detrimental consequences of various pollutants such as pesticides, heavy metals, dyes, etc., emitted into the surroundings. To resolve this issue, various efforts, legal acts, scientific and technological perspectives have been embraced, but still remain a global concern. Furthermore, due to non-portability, complex detection, and inappropriate on-site recognition of sophisticated laboratory tools, the real-time analysis of these environmental contaminants has been limited. As a result of innovative nano bioconjugation and nanofabrication techniques, nanotechnology enables enhanced nanomaterials (NMs) based (bio)sensors demonstrating ultra-sensitivity and a short detection time in real-time analysis, as well as superior sensitivity, reliability, and selectivity have been developed. Several researchers have demonstrated the potent detection of pollutants such as Hg2+ ion by the usage of AgNP-MD in electronic and optoelectronic methods with a detection limit of 5-45 μM which is quite significant. Taking into consideration of such tremendous research, herein, the authors have highlighted 21st-century strategies towards NMs based biosensor technology for pollutants detection, including nano biosensors, enzyme-based biosensors, electrochemical-based biosensors, carbon-based biosensors and optical biosensors for on-site identification and detection of target analytes. This article will provide a brief overview of the significance of utilizing NMs-based biosensors for the detection of a diverse array of hazardous pollutants, and a thorough understanding of the detection processes of NMs-based biosensors, as well as the limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) values, rendering researchers to focus on the world's need for a sustainable earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology and Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology and Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India; NCE, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Bihar, India.
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COVID-19 Detection via Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor: Setup and Modeling of Its Function. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152638. [PMID: 35957069 PMCID: PMC9370568 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular detection methods have evolved from simple chemical processes to laboratory sensors capable of acquiring accurate measurements of various biological components. Recently, silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FETs) have been drawing enormous interest due to their potential in the biomolecular sensing field. SiNW-FETs exhibit capabilities such as providing real-time, label-free, highly selective, and sensitive detection. It is highly critical to diagnose infectious diseases accurately to reduce the illness and death spread rate. In this work, a novel SiNW-FET sensor is designed using a semiempirical approach, and the electronic transport properties are studied to detect the COVID-19 spike protein. Various electronic transport properties such as transmission spectrum, conductance, and electronic current are investigated by a semiempirical modeling that is combined with a nonequilibrium Green’s function. Moreover, the developed sensor selectivity is tested by studying the electronic transport properties for other viruses including influenza, rotavirus, and HIV. The results indicate that SiNW-FET can be utilized for accurate COVID-19 identification with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Joshi N, Pransu G, Adam Conte-Junior C. Critical review and recent advances of 2D materials-Based gas sensors for food spoilage detection. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10536-10559. [PMID: 35647714 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2078950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many people around the world are concerned about meat safety and quality, which has resulted in the ongoing advancement of packaged food technology. Since the emergence of graphene in 2004, the number of studies on layered two-dimensional materials (2DMs) for applications ranging from food packaging to meat quality monitoring has been expanding quickly. Recently, scientists have been working hard to develop a novel class of 2DMs that keep the good things about graphene but don't have zero bandgaps at room temperature. Much work has been done on layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) like different metal sulfides and selenides for meat spoilage gas sensors. This review looks at (i) the main indicators of meat spoilage and (ii) the detection methods that can be used to find out if meat has been spoiled, such as chemiresistive, electrochemical, and optical methods. (iii) the role of 2DMs in meat spoilage detection and (iv) the emergence of advanced methods for selective classification of target analytes in meat/food spoilage detection in recent years. Thus, this review demonstrates the potential scope of 2DMs for developing intelligent sensor systems for food and meat spoilage detection with high viability, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and other multipurpose tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Joshi
- Physics Department, Federal University of ABC, Campus Santo André, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gaurav Pransu
- Graphene Research Labs, Manchappanahosahalli, Karnataka, India
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nanotechnology Network, Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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Dai C, Liu Y, Wei D. Two-Dimensional Field-Effect Transistor Sensors: The Road toward Commercialization. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10319-10392. [PMID: 35412802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary success in information technology has been sustained by the rapid growth of sensor technology. Recently, advances in sensor technology have promoted the ambitious requirement to build intelligent systems that can be controlled by external stimuli along with independent operation, adaptivity, and low energy expenditure. Among various sensing techniques, field-effect transistors (FETs) with channels made of two-dimensional (2D) materials attract increasing attention for advantages such as label-free detection, fast response, easy operation, and capability of integration. With atomic thickness, 2D materials restrict the carrier flow within the material surface and expose it directly to the external environment, leading to efficient signal acquisition and conversion. This review summarizes the latest advances of 2D-materials-based FET (2D FET) sensors in a comprehensive manner that contains the material, operating principles, fabrication technologies, proof-of-concept applications, and prototypes. First, a brief description of the background and fundamentals is provided. The subsequent contents summarize physical, chemical, and biological 2D FET sensors and their applications. Then, we highlight the challenges of their commercialization and discuss corresponding solution techniques. The following section presents a systematic survey of recent progress in developing commercial prototypes. Lastly, we summarize the long-standing efforts and prospective future development of 2D FET-based sensing systems toward commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Impedance Spectroscopy of Encapsulated Single Graphene Layers. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050804. [PMID: 35269292 PMCID: PMC8912308 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the use of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for the disentanglement of several dielectric contributions in encapsulated single graphene layers. The dielectric data strongly vary qualitatively with the nominal graphene resistance. In the case of sufficiently low resistance of the graphene layers, the dielectric spectra are dominated by inductive contributions, which allow for disentanglement of the electrode/graphene interface resistance from the intrinsic graphene resistance by the application of an adequate equivalent circuit model. Higher resistance of the graphene layers leads to predominantly capacitive dielectric contributions, and the deconvolution is not feasible due to the experimental high frequency limit of the EIS technique.
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