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Ghosh A, Al Hossain Newaz A, Baki AA, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA, Hossain MS, Rahman Sonic MM, Islam MS, Rahman MK. Solar power conversion: CuI hole transport layer and Ba 3NCl 3 absorber enable advanced solar cell technology boosting efficiency over 30. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24066-24081. [PMID: 39091371 PMCID: PMC11292314 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03695f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers are becoming more interested in novel barium-nitride-chloride (Ba3NCl3) hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) due to their remarkable semiconductor properties. An electron transport layer (ETL) built from TiO2 and a hole transport layer (HTL) made of CuI have been studied in Ba3NCl3-based single junction photovoltaic cells in a variety of variations. Through extensive numerical analysis using SCAPS-1D simulation software, we investigated elements such as layer thickness, defect density, doping concentration, interface defect density, carrier concentration, generation, recombination, temperature, series and shunt resistance, open circuit voltage (V OC), short circuit current (J SC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The study found that the HTL CuI design reached the highest PCE at 30.47% with a V OC of 1.0649 V, a J SC of 38.2609 mA cm-2, and an FF of 74.78%. These findings offer useful data and a practical plan for producing inexpensive, Ba3NCl3-based thin-film solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Ghosh
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University Rangpur 5400 Bangladesh
| | | | - Abdullah Al Baki
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lamar University Beaumont TX 77710 USA
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University PO Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University PO Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lamar University Beaumont TX 77710 USA
| | - Md Khaledur Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lamar University Beaumont TX 77710 USA
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2
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Reza MS, Rahman MF, Kuddus A, Mohammed MKA, Pal D, Ghosh A, Islam MR, Bhattarai S, Shaaban IA, Amami M. Design and Optimization of High-Performance Novel RbPbBr 3-Based Solar Cells with Wide-Band-Gap S-Chalcogenide Electron Transport Layers (ETLs). ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19824-19836. [PMID: 38737037 PMCID: PMC11079912 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic cubic rubidium-lead-halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention owing to their structural, electronic, and unique optical properties. In this study, novel rubidium-lead-bromide (RbPbBr3)-based hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) with several high-band-gap chalcogenide electron transport layers (ETLs) of In2S3, WS2, and SnS2 were studied by density functional theory (DFT) and using the SCAPS-1D simulator. Initially, the band gap and optical performance were computed using DFT, and these results were utilized for the first time in the SCAPS-1D simulator. Furthermore, the impact of different major influencing parameters, that is, the thickness of the layer, bulk defect density, doping concentration, and defect density of interfaces, including the working temperature, were also investigated and unveiled. Further, a study on an optimized device with the most potential ETL (SnS2) layer was performed systematically. Finally, a comparative study of different reported heterostructures was performed to explore the benchmark of the most recent efficient RbPbBr3-based photovoltaics. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 29.75% for the SnS2 ETL with Voc of 0.9789 V, Jsc of 34.57863 mA cm-2, and fill factor (FF) of 87.91%, while the PCEs of 21.15 and 24.57% were obtained for In2S3 and WS2 ETLs, respectively. The electron-hole generation, recombination rates, and quantum efficiency (QE) characteristics were also investigated in detail. Thus, the SnS2 ETL shows strong potential for use in RbPbBr3-based hybrid perovskite high-performance photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Selim Reza
- Advanced
Energy Materials and Solar Cell Research Laboratory, Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum
Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ferdous Rahman
- Advanced
Energy Materials and Solar Cell Research Laboratory, Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum
Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Kuddus
- Ritsumeikan
Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | | | - Debashish Pal
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Tripura
University, Agartala 799022, India
| | - Avijit Ghosh
- Advanced
Energy Materials and Solar Cell Research Laboratory, Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum
Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rasidul Islam
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science & Technology University, Jamalpur 2012, Bangladesh
| | - Sagar Bhattarai
- Technology
Innovation and Development Foundation, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ibrahim A. Shaaban
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mongi Amami
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Usman A, Bhatranand A, Jiraraksopakun Y, Sabo Muhammad K, Buranasiri P. NiO thickness measurement using a rectangular-type Sagnac interferometer as the material transport layer in a perovskite solar cell. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:2868-2875. [PMID: 38856383 DOI: 10.1364/ao.520596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This work aims to utilize a phase-shifting technique in a rectangular-type Sagnac interferometer (RTSI) to measure the thickness of a thin film of nickel (II) oxide (NiO) in an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cell preparation. The NiO layer is deposited on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. In the RTSI setup, the signal output from the interferometer is divided into the reference and testing arms using a nonpolarizing beam splitter (NPBS). The balanced photodetectors then detect the signal, with the FTO/NiO layer placed in the testing arm and pure FTO in the reference arm. By analyzing the signal intensities at polarization settings of 0° to 180°, the phase shift and thickness of the NiO layer can be determined. The thickness values of FTO and NiO films obtained through three different phase-shifting algorithms of three-, four-, and five-steps are calculated. The obtained NiO thickness values are validated against scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, by considering the NiO thickness value that exhibits the lowest percentage error compared to one from SEM, it is confirmed that the three-step algorithm is the most suitable scheme for obtaining intensities at 0°, 45°, and 90°. Therefore, the proposed setup shows promise as a replacement for SEM in thickness measurements.
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Tonmoy MH, Shiddique SN, Abir AT, Hossain J. Design and optimization of a high efficiency CdTe-FeSi 2 based double-junction two-terminal tandem solar cell. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27994. [PMID: 38524587 PMCID: PMC10958414 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This article theoretically demonstrates an enormously efficient CdTe-FeSi2 based dual-junction tandem solar cell accompanied by slender semiconductor layers. The peak efficiency of the device has been ensured through the optimization of its various attributes of window, CdTe (bandgap 1.5 eV) top absorber, FeSi2 (bandgap 0.87 eV) bottom absorber and back surface layers. Additionally, the impacts of thickness, doping and the level of defects in different window, base and rear surface layers have been examined to observe how different layers affect the solar cell's performance. The optimized n-CdS/p-CdTe/p+-MoS2--n-CdS/p-FeSi2/p+-Cu2SnS3 dual-junction tandem solar device displays an efficiency of 43.9% with a voltage at no load, VOC of 1.928 V, current density under a closed circuit, JSC of 25.34 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 89.88%, respectively. These results disclose the high potential of the suggested solar cell based on CdTe and FeSi2 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehedi Hasan Tonmoy
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Noman Shiddique
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahnaf Tahmid Abir
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Jaker Hossain
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
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Noman M, Khan IN, Qamar A, AlSnaie K, Farh HMH. Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Highly Efficient Nontoxic All-Inorganic CsSnGeI 3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Oxide and Kesterite Charge Transport Layers. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11398-11417. [PMID: 38496945 PMCID: PMC10938399 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite exceptional optoelectronic properties and rapidly increasing efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the issues of toxicity and device instability have hampered the commercialization of this renewable energy technology. Lead (Pb) being the main culprit creates major environmental risks and therefore must be replaced with a nontoxic material such as tin (Sn), germanium (Ge), etc. Moreover, replacing organic cations in the perovskite's ABX3 structure with inorganic ones like cesium (Cs) helps aid the stability issues. This study uses six different kesterite-based hole transport layers (HTLs) and three different metal oxide-based electron transport layers (ETLs) to numerically simulate and optimize all-inorganic CsSnGeI3 PSCs. Metal oxide ETLs are used in this study due to their large band gap, while kesterite HTLs are used due to their excellent conductive properties. All of the simulations are performed under standard testing conditions. A total of 18 novel planar (n-i-p) PSCs are modeled by the combination of various charge transport layers (CTLs), and the device optimization was done to enhance the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the PSCs. Furthermore, the effect of CTLs on the energy band alignment, electric field, quantum efficiency, light absorption, and recombination rate is analyzed. Additionally, a detailed analysis of the impact of defect density (Nt), interface defects (ETL/Perv, Perv/HTL), temperature, and work function on the functionality of 18 different CsSnGeI3-based PSCs is conducted. The simulation findings demonstrate that SnO2/CsSnGeI3/CNTS is the most efficient optimized PSC among all of the simulated structures, with a PCE of 27.33%, Jsc of 28.04 mA/cm2, FF of 85%, and Voc of 1.14 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noman
- U.S.-Pakistan
Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University
of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Nawaz Khan
- U.S.-Pakistan
Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University
of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Affaq Qamar
- Imam
Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11564, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid AlSnaie
- Imam
Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11564, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan M. Hussein Farh
- Imam
Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11564, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Rahman MF, Chowdhury M, Marasamy L, Mohammed MKA, Haque MD, Al Ahmed SR, Irfan A, Chaudhry AR, Goumri-Said S. Improving the efficiency of a CIGS solar cell to above 31% with Sb 2S 3 as a new BSF: a numerical simulation approach by SCAPS-1D. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1924-1938. [PMID: 38192318 PMCID: PMC10772862 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07893k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The remarkable performance of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)-based double heterojunction (DH) photovoltaic cells is presented in this work. To increase all photovoltaic performance parameters, in this investigation, a novel solar cell structure (FTO/SnS2/CIGS/Sb2S3/Ni) is explored by utilizing the SCAPS-1D simulation software. Thicknesses of the buffer, absorber and back surface field (BSF) layers, acceptor density, defect density, capacitance-voltage (C-V), interface defect density, rates of generation and recombination, operating temperature, current density, and quantum efficiency have been investigated for the proposed solar devices with and without BSF. The presence of the BSF layer significantly influences the device's performance parameters including short-circuit current (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). After optimization, the simulation results of a conventional CIGS cell (FTO/SnS2/CIGS/Ni) have shown a PCE of 22.14% with Voc of 0.91 V, Jsc of 28.21 mA cm-2, and FF of 86.31. Conversely, the PCE is improved to 31.15% with Voc of 1.08 V, Jsc of 33.75 mA cm-2, and FF of 88.50 by introducing the Sb2S3 BSF in the structure of FTO/SnS2/CIGS/Sb2S3/Ni. These findings of the proposed CIGS-based double heterojunction (DH) solar cells offer an innovative method for realization of high-efficiency solar cells that are more promising than the previously reported traditional designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ferdous Rahman
- Advanced Energy Materials and Solar Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University Rangpur 5400 Bangladesh
| | - Mithun Chowdhury
- Advanced Energy Materials and Solar Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University Rangpur 5400 Bangladesh
| | - Latha Marasamy
- Facultad de Química, Materiales-Energía, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ) Santiago de Querétaro Querétaro C.P. 76010 Mexico
| | - Mustafa K A Mohammed
- College of Remote Sensing and Geophysics, Al-Karkh University of Science Al-Karkh Side, Haifa St. Hamada Palace Baghdad 10011 Iraq
| | - Md Dulal Haque
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur 5200 Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Rashel Al Ahmed
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology Pabna 6600 Bangladesh
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bisha P.O. Box 551 Bisha 61922 Saudi Arabia
| | - Souraya Goumri-Said
- Physics Department, Colleges of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University P.O. Box 50927 Riyadh 11533 Saudi Arabia
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7
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Ghaleb M, Arrar A, Touaa Z. Optimization and Performance Analysis of a TiO 2/i-CH 3NH 3SnBr 3/CsPbI 3/Al(BSF) Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cell for Enhanced Efficiency. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37011-37022. [PMID: 37841169 PMCID: PMC10568731 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the simulation and optimization of heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a proposed structure of TiO2/i-CH3NH3SnBr3/CsPbI3/Al(BSF) using SCAPS-1D software. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of the PSC with CsPbI3 perovskite active layers and i-CH3NH3SnBr3 as the permeable layer. Therefore, the thicknesses of the layers of the heterojunction perovskite are modified in order to find a better conversion efficiency of the solar cell, where the latter's performance is improved by optimizing the absorber's thickness, which is found to be 1 μm, with a permeable layer of 15 μm. The device efficiency of the i-CH3NH3SnBr3/CsPbI3 heterojunction is improved to 38.98%, and optimized parameters are Voc = 1.21 mV, Jsc = 35.63 mA/cm2, and FF = 89.84%. The acceptor concentration (Na), donor concentration (Nd), defect density, and series and shunt resistances are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ghaleb
- Department
of physics, Faculty of Technology, University
of Relizane, Bourmadia, BP 48000 W. Relizane, Algeria
- Laboratory
of Physics Thin Layer & Advanced Technologies, University of Relizane, Bourmadia, BP 48000 W. Relizane, Algeria
| | - Amina Arrar
- Department
of physics, Faculty of Technology, University
of Relizane, Bourmadia, BP 48000 W. Relizane, Algeria
- Laboratory
of Physics Thin Layer & Advanced Technologies, University of Relizane, Bourmadia, BP 48000 W. Relizane, Algeria
| | - Zaza Touaa
- Department
of physics, Faculty of Technology, University
of Relizane, Bourmadia, BP 48000 W. Relizane, Algeria
- Laboratory
of Physics Thin Layer & Advanced Technologies, University of Relizane, Bourmadia, BP 48000 W. Relizane, Algeria
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Hossain MK, Toki GFI, Samajdar DP, Mushtaq M, Rubel MHK, Pandey R, Madan J, Mohammed MKA, Islam MR, Rahman MF, Bencherif H. Deep Insights into the Coupled Optoelectronic and Photovoltaic Analysis of Lead-Free CsSnI 3 Perovskite-Based Solar Cell Using DFT Calculations and SCAPS-1D Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22466-22485. [PMID: 37396227 PMCID: PMC10308408 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
CsSnI3 is considered to be a viable alternative to lead (Pb)-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its suitable optoelectronic properties. The photovoltaic (PV) potential of CsSnI3 has not yet been fully explored due to its inherent difficulties in realizing defect-free device construction owing to the nonoptimized alignment of the electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL), efficient device architecture, and stability issues. In this work, initially, the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the CsSnI3 perovskite absorber layer were evaluated using the CASTEP program within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The band structure analysis revealed that CsSnI3 is a direct band gap semiconductor with a band gap of 0.95 eV, whose band edges are dominated by Sn 5s/5p electrons After performing the DFT analysis, we investigated the PV performance of a variety of CsSnI3-based solar cell configurations utilizing a one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) with different competent ETLs such as IGZO, WS2, CeO2, TiO2, ZnO, PCBM, and C60. Simulation results revealed that the device architecture comprising ITO/ETL/CsSnI3/CuI/Au exhibited better photoconversion efficiency among more than 70 different configurations. The effect of the variation in the absorber, ETL, and HTL thickness on PV performance was analyzed for the above-mentioned configuration thoroughly. Additionally, the impact of series and shunt resistance, operating temperature, capacitance, Mott-Schottky, generation, and recombination rate on the six superior configurations were evaluated. The J-V characteristics and the quantum efficiency plots for these devices are systematically investigated for in-depth analysis. Consequently, this extensive simulation with validation results established the true potential of CsSnI3 absorber with suitable ETLs including ZnO, IGZO, WS2, PCBM, CeO2, and C60 ETLs and CuI as HTL, paving a constructive research path for the photovoltaic industry to fabricate cost-effective, high-efficiency, and nontoxic CsSnI3 PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Khalid Hossain
- Institute
of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
- Department
of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - G. F. Ishraque Toki
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua
University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - D. P. Samajdar
- Department
of ECE, Indian Institute of Information
Technology, Design & Manufacturing, Jabalpur 482005, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Muhammad Mushtaq
- Department
of Physics, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan
| | - M. H. K. Rubel
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rahul Pandey
- VLSI
Centre of Excellence, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering
and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Jaya Madan
- VLSI
Centre of Excellence, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering
and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Mustafa K. A. Mohammed
- Radiological
Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University
College, 51001 Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Md. Rasidul Islam
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science & Technology University, Jamalpur 2012, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ferdous Rahman
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - H. Bencherif
- LEREESI, Higher
National School of Renewable Energies, Environment
and Sustainable Development, Batna 05078, Algeria
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Ali MH, Al Mamun MA, Haque MD, Rahman MF, Hossain MK, Md. Touhidul Islam AZ. Performance Enhancement of an MoS 2-Based Heterojunction Solar Cell with an In 2Te 3 Back Surface Field: A Numerical Simulation Approach. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7017-7029. [PMID: 36844558 PMCID: PMC9948157 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Researchers are currently showing interest in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based solar cells due to their remarkable semiconducting characteristics. The incompatibility of the band structures at the BSF/absorber and absorber/buffer interfaces, as well as carrier recombination at the rear and front metal contacts, prevents the expected result from being achieved. The main purpose of this work is to enhance the performance of the newly proposed Al/ITO/TiO2/MoS2/In2Te3/Ni solar cell and investigate the impacts of the In2Te3 BSF and TiO2 buffer layer on the performance parameters of open-circuit voltage (V OC), short-circuit current density (J SC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). This research has been performed by utilizing SCAPS simulation software. The performance parameters such as variation of thickness, carrier concentration, the bulk defect concentration of each layer, interface defect, operating temperature, capacitance-voltage (C-V), surface recombination velocity, and front as well as rear electrodes have been analyzed to achieve a better performance. This device performs exceptionally well at lower carrier concentrations (1 × 1016 cm-3) in a thin (800 nm) MoS2 absorber layer. The PCE, V OC, J SC, and FF values of the Al/ITO/TiO2/MoS2/Ni reference cell have been estimated to be 22.30%, 0.793 V, 30.89 mA/cm2, and 80.62% respectively, while the PCE, V OC, J SC, and FF values have been determined to be 33.32%, 1.084 V, 37.22 mA/cm2, and 82.58% for the Al/ITO/TiO2/MoS2/In2Te3/Ni proposed solar cell by introducing In2Te3 between the absorber (MoS2) and the rear electrode (Ni). The proposed research may give an insight and a feasible way to realize a cost-effective MoS2-based thin-film solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Hasan Ali
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Dulal Haque
- Department
of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ferdous Rahman
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - M. Khalid Hossain
- Institute
of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
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10
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Hossain MK, Toki GFI, Kuddus A, Rubel MHK, Hossain MM, Bencherif H, Rahman MF, Islam MR, Mushtaq M. An extensive study on multiple ETL and HTL layers to design and simulation of high-performance lead-free CsSnCl 3-based perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2521. [PMID: 36781884 PMCID: PMC9925818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cesium tin chloride (CsSnCl3) is a potential and competitive absorber material for lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The full potential of CsSnCl3 not yet been realized owing to the possible challenges of defect-free device fabrication, non-optimized alignment of the electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL), and the favorable device configuration. In this work, we proposed several CsSnCl3-based solar cell (SC) configurations using one dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) with different competent ETLs like indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO), tin-dioxide (SnO2), tungsten disulfide (WS2), ceric dioxide (CeO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), C60, PCBM, and HTLs of cuprous oxide (Cu2O), cupric oxide (CuO), nickel oxide (NiO), vanadium oxide (V2O5), copper iodide (CuI), CuSCN, CuSbS2, Spiro MeOTAD, CBTS, CFTS, P3HT, PEDOT:PSS. Simulation results revealed that ZnO, TiO2, IGZO, WS2, PCBM, and C60 ETLs-based halide perovskites with ITO/ETLs/CsSnCl3/CBTS/Au heterostructure exhibited outstanding photoconversion efficiency retaining nearest photovoltaic parameters values among 96 different configurations. Further, for the six best-performing configurations, the effect of the CsSnCl3 absorber and ETL thickness, series and shunt resistance, working temperature, impact of capacitance, Mott-Schottky, generation and recombination rate, current-voltage properties, and quantum efficiency on performance were assessed. We found that ETLs like TiO2, ZnO, and IGZO, with CBTS HTL can act as outstanding materials for the fabrication of CsSnCl3-based high efficiency (η ≥ 22%) heterojunction SCs with ITO/ETL/CsSnCl3/CBTS/Au structure. The simulation results obtained by the SCAPS-1D for the best six CsSnCl3-perovskites SC configurations were compared by the wxAMPS (widget provided analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures) tool for further validation. Furthermore, the structural, optical and electronic properties along with electron charge density, and Fermi surface of the CsSnCl3 perovskite absorber layer were computed and analyzed using first-principle calculations based on density functional theory. Thus, this in-depth simulation paves a constructive research avenue to fabricate cost-effective, high-efficiency, and lead-free CsSnCl3 perovskite-based high-performance SCs for a lead-free green and pollution-free environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Khalid Hossain
- grid.466515.50000 0001 0744 4550Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1349 Bangladesh
| | - G. F. Ishraque Toki
- grid.255169.c0000 0000 9141 4786College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Abdul Kuddus
- grid.262576.20000 0000 8863 9909Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-0058 Japan
| | - M. H. K. Rubel
- grid.412656.20000 0004 0451 7306Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - M. M. Hossain
- grid.442957.90000 0004 0371 3778Department of Physics, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong, 4349 Bangladesh
| | - H. Bencherif
- Higher National School of Renewable Energies, Environment and Sustainable Development, 05078 Batna, Algeria
| | - Md. Ferdous Rahman
- grid.443106.40000 0004 4684 0312Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rasidul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science & Technology University, Jamalpur, 2012 Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Mushtaq
- Department of Physics, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, 12350 Pakistan
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11
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Sarkar D, Mottakin M, Mahmud Hasan A, Selvanathan V, Sobayel K, Khan M, Masum Rabbani A, Shahinuzzaman M, Aminuzzaman M, Anuar FH, Suemasu T, Sopian K, Akhtaruzzaman M. A Comprehensive Study on RbGeI3 based Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cell using Green Synthesized CuCrO2 as Hole Conductor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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12
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Wu MC, Ho CM, Hsiao KC, Chen SH, Chang YH, Jao MH. Antisolvent Engineering to Enhance Photovoltaic Performance of Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:59. [PMID: 36615969 PMCID: PMC9824484 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High absorption ability and direct bandgap makes lead-based perovskite to acquire high photovoltaic performance. However, lead content in perovskite becomes a double-blade for counterbalancing photovoltaic performance and sustainability. Herein, we develop a methylammonium bismuth iodide (MBI), a perovskite-derivative, to serve as a lead-free light absorber layer. Owing to the short carrier diffusion length of MBI, its film quality is a predominant factor to photovoltaic performance. Several candidates of non-polar solvent are discussed in aspect of their dipole moment and boiling point to reveal the effects of anti-solvent assisted crystallization. Through anti-solvent engineering of toluene, the morphology, crystallinity, and element distribution of MBI films are improved compared with those without toluene treatment. The improved morphology and crystallinity of MBI films promote photovoltaic performance over 3.2 times compared with the one without toluene treatment. The photovoltaic device can achieve 0.26% with minor hysteresis effect, whose hysteresis index reduces from 0.374 to 0.169. This study guides a feasible path for developing MBI photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chung Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mei Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chi Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Huan Jao
- Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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13
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Hossain MK, Rubel MHK, Toki GFI, Alam I, Rahman MF, Bencherif H. Effect of Various Electron and Hole Transport Layers on the Performance of CsPbI 3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells: A Numerical Investigation in DFT, SCAPS-1D, and wxAMPS Frameworks. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43210-43230. [PMID: 36467947 PMCID: PMC9713884 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CsPbI3 has recently received tremendous attention as a possible absorber of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, CsPbI3-based PSCs have yet to achieve the high performance of the hybrid PSCs. In this work, we performed a density functional theory (DFT) study using the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) code for the cubic CsPbI3 absorber to compare and evaluate its structural, electronic, and optical properties. The calculated electronic band gap (E g) using the GGA-PBE approach of CASTEP was 1.483 eV for this CsPbI3 absorber. Moreover, the computed density of states (DOS) exhibited the dominant contribution from the Pb-5d orbital, and most charges also accumulated for the Pb atom as seen from the electronic charge density map. Fermi surface calculation showed multiband character, and optical properties were computed to investigate the optical response of CsPbI3. Furthermore, we used IGZO, SnO2, WS2, CeO2, PCBM, TiO2, ZnO, and C60 as the electron transport layers (ETLs) and Cu2O, CuSCN, CuSbS2, Spiro-MeOTAD, V2O5, CBTS, CFTS, P3HT, PEDOT:PSS, NiO, CuO, and CuI as the hole transport layers (HTLs) to identify the best HTL/CsPbI3/ETL combinations using the SCAPS-1D solar cell simulation software. Among 96 device structures, the best-optimized device structure, ITO/TiO2/CsPbI3/CBTS/Au, was identified, which exhibited an efficiency of 17.9%. The effect of the absorber and ETL thickness, series resistance, shunt resistance, and operating temperature was also evaluated for the six best devices along with their corresponding generation rate, recombination rate, capacitance-voltage, current density-voltage, and quantum efficiency characteristics. The obtained results from SCAPS-1D were also compared with wxAMPS simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Khalid Hossain
- Institute
of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka1349, Bangladesh
- Department
of Advanced Energy Engineering Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka816-8580, Japan
- ;
| | - Mirza Humaun Kabir Rubel
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Rajshahi, Rajshahi6205, Bangladesh
| | - G. F. Ishraque Toki
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua
University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Intekhab Alam
- Department
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md. Ferdous Rahman
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur5400, Bangladesh
| | - H. Bencherif
- HNS-RE2SD, Higher National School of Renewable Energies, Environment
and Sustainable Development, Batna05078, Algeria
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14
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Lin C, Liu G, Xi X, Wang L, Wang Q, Sun Q, Li M, Zhu B, de Lara DP, Zai H. The Investigation of the Influence of a Cu 2O Buffer Layer on Hole Transport Layers in MAPbI 3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8142. [PMID: 36431628 PMCID: PMC9699280 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The passivation engineering of the hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has significantly decreased carrier accumulation and open circuit voltage (Voc) loss, as well as energy band mismatching, thus achieving the goal of high-power conversion efficiency. However, most devices incorporating organic/inorganic buffer layers suffer from poor stability and low efficiency. In this article, we have proposed an inorganic buffer layer of Cu2O, which has achieved high efficiency on lower work function metals and various frequently used hole transport layers (HTLs). Once the Cu2O buffer layer was applied to modify the Cu/PTAA interface, the device exhibited a high Voc of 1.20 V, a high FF of 75.92%, and an enhanced PCE of 22.49% versus a Voc of 1.12 V, FF of 69.16%, and PCE of 18.99% from the (PTAA/Cu) n-i-p structure. Our simulation showed that the application of a Cu2O buffer layer improved the interfacial contact and energy alignment, promoting the carrier transportation and reducing the charge accumulation. Furthermore, we optimized the combinations of the thicknesses of the Cu2O, the absorber layer, and PTAA to obtain the best performance for Cu-based perovskite solar cells. Eventually, we explored the effect of the defect density between the HTL/absorber interface and the absorber/ETL interface on the device and recommended the appropriate reference defect density for experimental research. This work provides guidance for improving the experimental efficiency and reducing the cost of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Lin
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guilin Liu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xi Xi
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiyan Sun
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingxi Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bingjie Zhu
- Wuxi Institution of Supervision & Testing on Product Quality, Wuxi 214101, China
| | | | - Huachao Zai
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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15
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Saeed F, Haseeb Khan M, Tauqeer HA, Haroon A, Idrees A, Shehrazi SM, Prokop L, Blazek V, Misak S, Ullah N. Numerical Investigation of Photo-Generated Carrier Recombination Dynamics on the Device Characteristics for the Perovskite/Carbon Nitride Absorber-Layer Solar Cell. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4012. [PMID: 36432297 PMCID: PMC9699136 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogenated holey two-dimensional carbon nitride (C2N) has been efficaciously utilized in the fabrication of transistors, sensors, and batteries in recent years, but lacks application in the photovoltaic industry. The C2N possesses favorable optoelectronic properties. To investigate its potential feasibility for solar cells (as either an absorber layer/interface layer), we foremost detailed the numerical modeling of the double-absorber-layer−methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) −carbon nitride (C2N) layer solar cell and subsequently provided in-depth insight into the active-layer-associated recombination losses limiting the efficiency (η) of the solar cell. Under the recombination kinetics phenomena, we explored the influence of radiative recombination, Auger recombination, Shockley Read Hall recombination, the energy distribution of defects, Band Tail recombination (Hoping Model), Gaussian distribution, and metastable defect states, including single-donor (0/+), single-acceptor (−/0), double-donor (0/+/2+), double-acceptor (2/−/0−), and the interface-layer defects on the output characteristics of the solar cell. Setting the defect (or trap) density to 1015cm−3 with a uniform energy distribution of defects for all layers, we achieved an η of 24.16%. A considerable enhancement in power-conversion efficiency ( η~27%) was perceived as we reduced the trap density to 1014cm−3 for the absorber layers. Furthermore, it was observed that, for the absorber layer with double-donor defect states, the active layer should be carefully synthesized to reduce crystal-order defects to keep the total defect density as low as 1017cm−3 to achieve efficient device characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Saeed
- Functional Materials and Optoelectronic Devices (FMOD) Lab, Department of Physics, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haseeb Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ali Tauqeer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Asfand Haroon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore 39161, Pakistan
| | - Asad Idrees
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mzhar Shehrazi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Lukas Prokop
- ENET Centre, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Blazek
- ENET Centre, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Misak
- ENET Centre, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Nasim Ullah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Porwal S, Paul M, Dixit H, Mishra S, Singh T. Investigation of Defects in Cs
2
SnI
6
‐Based Double Perovskite Solar Cells Via SCAPS‐1D. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Porwal
- Functional Materials and Device Laboratory School of Energy Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Mrittika Paul
- Functional Materials and Device Laboratory School of Energy Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Himanshu Dixit
- Functional Materials and Device Laboratory School of Energy Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Snehangshu Mishra
- Functional Materials and Device Laboratory School of Energy Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Trilok Singh
- Functional Materials and Device Laboratory School of Energy Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
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17
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In Silico Investigation of the Impact of Hole-Transport Layers on the Performance of CH3NH3SnI3 Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells represent one of the recent success stories in photovoltaics. The device efficiency has been steadily increasing over the past years, but further work is needed to enhance the performance, for example, through the reduction of defects to prevent carrier recombination. SCAPS-1D simulations were performed to assess efficiency limits and identify approaches to decrease the impact of defects, through the selection of an optimal hole-transport material and a hole-collecting electrode. Particular attention was given to evaluation of the influence of bulk defects within light-absorbing CH3NH3SnI3 layers. In addition, the study demonstrates the influence of interface defects at the TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3 (IL1) and CH3NH3SnI3/HTL (IL2) interfaces across the similar range of defect densities. Finally, the optimal device architecture TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3/Cu2O is proposed for the given absorber layer using the readily available Cu2O hole-transporting material with PCE = 27.95%, FF = 84.05%, VOC = 1.02 V and JSC = 32.60 mA/cm2, providing optimal performance and enhanced resistance to defects.
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18
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Yao H, Liu L. Design and Optimize the Performance of Self-Powered Photodetector Based on PbS/TiS 3 Heterostructure by SCAPS-1D. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030325. [PMID: 35159670 PMCID: PMC8838530 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Titanium trisulphide (TiS3) has been widely used in the field of optoelectronics owing to its superb optical and electronic characteristics. In this work, a self-powered photodetector using bulk PbS/TiS3 p-n heterojunction is numerically investigated and analyzed by a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator in one-Dimension (SCAPS-1D) software. The energy bands, electron-holes generation or recombination rate, current density-voltage (J-V), and spectral response properties have been investigated by SCAPS-1D. To improve the performance of photodetectors, the influence of thickness, shallow acceptor or donor density, and defect density are investigated. By optimization, the optimal thickness of the TiS3 layer and PbS layer are determined to be 2.5 μm and 700 nm, respectively. The density of the superior shallow acceptor (donor) is 1015 (1022) cm−3. High quality TiS3 film is required with the defect density of about 1014 cm−3. For the PbS layer, the maximum defect density is 1017 cm−3. As a result, the photodetector based on the heterojunction with optimal parameters exhibits a good photoresponse from 300 nm to 1300 nm. Under the air mass 1.5 global tilt (AM 1.5G) illuminations, the optimal short-circuit current reaches 35.57 mA/cm2 and the open circuit voltage is about 870 mV. The responsivity (R) and a detectivity (D*) of the simulated photodetector are 0.36 A W−1 and 3.9 × 1013 Jones, respectively. The simulation result provides a promising research direction to further broaden the TiS3-based optoelectronic device.
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19
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He Y, Xu L, Yang C, Guo X, Li S. Design and Numerical Investigation of a Lead-Free Inorganic Layered Double Perovskite Cs 4CuSb 2Cl 12 Nanocrystal Solar Cell by SCAPS-1D. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092321. [PMID: 34578637 PMCID: PMC8470809 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, perovskite solar cells have made a quantum leap in performance with the efficiency increasing from 3.8% to 25%. However, commercial perovskite solar cells have faced a major impediment due to toxicity and stability issues. Therefore, lead-free inorganic perovskites have been investigated in order to find substitute perovskites which can provide a high efficiency similar to lead-based perovskites. In recent studies, as a kind of lead-free inorganic perovskite material, Cs4CuSb2Cl12 has been demonstrated to possess impressive photoelectric properties and excellent environmental stability. Moreover, Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals have smaller effective photo-generated carrier masses than bulk Cs4CuSb2Cl12, which provides excellent carrier mobility. To date, there have been no reports about Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals used for making solar cells. To explore the potential of Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal solar cells, we propose a lead-free perovskite solar cell with the configuration of FTO/ETL/Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals/HTL/Au using a solar cell capacitance simulator. Moreover, we numerically investigate the factors that affect the performance of the Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal solar cell with the aim of enhancing its performance. By selecting the appropriate hole transport material, electron transport material, thickness of the absorber layer, doping densities, defect density in the absorber, interface defect densities, and working temperature point, we predict that the Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal solar cell with the FTO/TiO2/Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals/Cu2O/Au structure can attain a power conversion efficiency of 23.07% at 300 K. Our analysis indicates that Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals have great potential as an absorbing layer towards highly efficient lead-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou He
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Y.H.); (L.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Liyifei Xu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Y.H.); (L.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Y.H.); (L.X.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Y.H.); (L.X.); (S.L.)
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
- Key Laboratory of Display Science and Technology of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (X.G.)
| | - Shaorong Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Y.H.); (L.X.); (S.L.)
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