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Wang X, Lu Y, Li P, Du J, Fu P, Hao J, Li W. Achieving High Energy Storage Performance under a Low Electric Field in KNbO 3-Doped BNT-Based Ceramics. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7080-7088. [PMID: 38574395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Ceramic capacitors have great potential for application in power systems due to their fantastic energy storage performance (ESP) and wide operating temperature range. In this study, the (1 - x)Bi0.5Na0.47Li0.03Sn0.01Ti0.99O3-xKNbO3 (BNLST-xKN) energy storage ceramics were synthesized through the solid-phase reaction method. The addition of KN disrupts the long-range ferroelectric order of the BNLST ceramic, inducing the emergence of polar nanoregions (PNRs), which enhances the ESP of the ceramics. The BNLST-0.2KN ceramic demonstrates a high recovered energy density (Wrec ∼ 3.66 J/cm3) and efficiency (η ∼ 85.8%) under a low electric field of 210 kV/cm. Meantime, it exhibits a large current density (CD ∼ 831.74 A/cm2), high power density (PD ∼ 78.86 MW/cm3), and fast discharge rate (t0.9 ∼ 0.1 μs), along with good temperature stability and excellent fatigue stability. These properties make the BNLST-0.2KN ceramic a promising candidate for energy storage applications in low electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Sensitive Materials and Devices Shandong Department of Education, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Sensitive Materials and Devices Shandong Department of Education, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Sensitive Materials and Devices Shandong Department of Education, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Sensitive Materials and Devices Shandong Department of Education, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Peng Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Sensitive Materials and Devices Shandong Department of Education, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jigong Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Sensitive Materials and Devices Shandong Department of Education, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Sensitive Materials and Devices Shandong Department of Education, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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Nguyen VC, Oliva-Torres V, Bernadet S, Rival G, Richard C, Capsal JF, Cottinet PJ, Le MQ. Haptic Feedback Device Using 3D-Printed Flexible, Multilayered Piezoelectric Coating for In-Car Touchscreen Interface. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1553. [PMID: 37630089 PMCID: PMC10456750 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the development of a piezoelectric device capable of generating feedback vibrations to the user who manipulates it. The objective here is to explore the possibility of developing a haptic system that can replace physical buttons on the tactile screen of in-car systems. The interaction between the user and the developed device allows completing the feedback loop, where the user's action generates an input signal that is translated and outputted by the device, and then detected and interpreted by the user's haptic sensors and brain. An FEM (finite element model) via ANSYS multiphysics software was implemented to optimize the haptic performance of the wafer structure consisting of a BaTiO3 multilayered piezocomposite coated on a PET transparent flexible substrate. Several parameters relating to the geometric and mechanical properties of the wafer, together with those of the electrodes, are demonstrated to have significant impact on the actuation ability of the haptic device. To achieve the desired vibration effect on the human skin, the haptic system must be able to drive displacement beyond the detection threshold (~2 µm) at a frequency range of 100-700 Hz. The most optimized actuation ability is obtained when the ratio of the dimension (radius and thickness) between the piezoelectric coating and the substrate layer is equal to ~0.6. Regarding the simulation results, it is revealed that the presence of the conductive electrodes provokes a decrease in the displacement by approximately 25-30%, as the wafer structure becomes stiffer. To ensure the minimum displacement generated by the haptic device above 2 µm, the piezoelectric coating is screen-printed by two stacked layers, electrically connected in parallel. This architecture is expected to boost the displacement amplitude under the same electric field (denoted E) subjected to the single-layered coating. Accordingly, multilayered design seems to be a good alternative to enhance the haptic performance while keeping moderate values of E so as to prevent any undesired electrical breakdown of the coating. Practical characterizations confirmed that E=20 V/μm is sufficient to generate feedback vibrations (under a maximum input load of 5 N) perceived by the fingertip. This result confirms the reliability of the proposed haptic device, despite discrepancies between the predicted theory and the real measurements. Lastly, a demonstrator comprising piezoelectric buttons together with electronic command and conditioning circuits are successfully developed, offering an efficient way to create multiple sensations for the user. On the basis of empirical data acquired from several trials conducted on 20 subjects, statistical analyses together with relevant numerical indicators were implemented to better assess the performance of the developed haptic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Cuong Nguyen
- LGEF, INSA-Lyon, EA682, University Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.-C.N.); (V.O.-T.); (G.R.); (C.R.); (J.-F.C.)
| | - Victor Oliva-Torres
- LGEF, INSA-Lyon, EA682, University Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.-C.N.); (V.O.-T.); (G.R.); (C.R.); (J.-F.C.)
| | - Sophie Bernadet
- Arc en Ciel Sérigraphie, Z.I Le Forestier, 42630 Regny, France;
| | - Guilhem Rival
- LGEF, INSA-Lyon, EA682, University Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.-C.N.); (V.O.-T.); (G.R.); (C.R.); (J.-F.C.)
| | - Claude Richard
- LGEF, INSA-Lyon, EA682, University Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.-C.N.); (V.O.-T.); (G.R.); (C.R.); (J.-F.C.)
| | - Jean-Fabien Capsal
- LGEF, INSA-Lyon, EA682, University Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.-C.N.); (V.O.-T.); (G.R.); (C.R.); (J.-F.C.)
| | - Pierre-Jean Cottinet
- LGEF, INSA-Lyon, EA682, University Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.-C.N.); (V.O.-T.); (G.R.); (C.R.); (J.-F.C.)
| | - Minh-Quyen Le
- LGEF, INSA-Lyon, EA682, University Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.-C.N.); (V.O.-T.); (G.R.); (C.R.); (J.-F.C.)
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Schmidt GC, Werner JM, Weissbach T, Strutwolf J, Eland R, Drossel WG, Hübler AC. Printed Multilayer Piezoelectric Transducers on Paper for Haptic Feedback and Dual Touch-Sound Sensation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3796. [PMID: 35632205 PMCID: PMC9147910 DOI: 10.3390/s22103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With a growing number of electronic devices surrounding our daily life, it becomes increasingly important to create solutions for clear and simple communication and interaction at the human machine interface (HMI). Haptic feedback solutions play an important role as they give a clear direct link and response to the user. This work demonstrates multifunctional haptic feedback devices based on fully printed piezoelectric transducers realized with functional polymers on thin paper substrate. The devices are flexible; lightweight and show very high out-of-plane deflection of 213 µm at a moderate driving voltage of 50 Vrms (root mean square) achieved by an innovative multilayer design with up to five individually controllable active layers. The device creates a very clear haptic sensation to the human skin with a blocking force of 0.6 N at the resonance frequency of 320 Hz, which is located in the most sensitive range of the human fingertip. Additionally the transducer generates audible information above two kilohertz with a remarkable high sound pressure level. Thus the paper-based approach can be used for interactive displays in combination with touch sensation; sound and color prints. The work gives insights into the manufacturing process; the electrical characteristics; and an in-depth analysis of the 3D deflection of the device under variable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg C. Schmidt
- Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (T.W.); (J.S.); (R.E.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Jonas M. Werner
- Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (J.M.W.); (W.-G.D.)
| | - Thomas Weissbach
- Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (T.W.); (J.S.); (R.E.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Jörg Strutwolf
- Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (T.W.); (J.S.); (R.E.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Robert Eland
- Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (T.W.); (J.S.); (R.E.); (A.C.H.)
| | - Welf-Guntram Drossel
- Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (J.M.W.); (W.-G.D.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Arved C. Hübler
- Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (T.W.); (J.S.); (R.E.); (A.C.H.)
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