1
|
Savjani N, Mercadillo VO, Hodgeman D, Paterakis G, Deng Y, Vallés C, Anagnostopoulos G, Galiotis C, Bissett MA, Kinloch IA. Tribology of Copper Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Fluorinated Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: Implications for Solid Lubricants in Mechanical Switches. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:8202-8213. [PMID: 37260916 PMCID: PMC10227772 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The potential for the use of copper coatings on steel switching mechanisms is abundant owing to the high conductivities and corrosion resistance that they impart on the engineered assemblies. However, applications of these coatings on such moving parts are limited due to their poor tribological properties; tendencies to generate high friction and susceptibility to degradative wear. In this study, we have fabricated a fluorinated graphene oxide-copper metal matrix composite (FGO-CMMC) on an AISI 52100 bearing steel substrate by a simple electrodeposition process in water. The FGO-CMMC coatings exhibited excellent lubrication performance under pin-on-disk (PoD) tribological sliding at 1N load, which reduced CoF by 63 and 69%, compared to the GO-CMMC and pure copper coatings that were also prepared. Furthermore, FGO-CMMC achieved low friction and low wear at higher sliding loads. The lubrication enhancement of the FGO-CMMCs is attributed to the tribochemical reaction of FGO with the AISI 52100 steel counterface initiated by the sliding load. The formation of an asymmetric tribofilm structure on the sliding track is critical; the performance of the FGO/Cu tribofilm formed in the track is boosted by the continued fluorination of the counterface surface during PoD sliding, passivating the tribosystem from adhesion-driven breakdown. The FGO-CMMC and GO-CMMC coatings also provide increased corrosion protection reaching 94.2 and 91.6% compared to the bare steel substrate, allowing for the preservation of the long-term low-friction performance of the coating. Other influences include the improved interlaminar shear strength of the FGO-containing composite. The excellent lubrication performance of the copper matrix composite coatings facilitated by FGO incorporation makes it a promising solid lubricant candidate for use in mechanical engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Savjani
- Department
of Materials, Henry Royce Institute and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Westminster M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Vicente Orts Mercadillo
- Department
of Materials, Henry Royce Institute and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Westminster M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Darren Hodgeman
- Carbon
Science Center of Excellence, Morgan Advanced
Materials and Technology, Inc., 310 Innovation Boulevard, Technology
Center, Suite 250, University Park, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - George Paterakis
- Foundation
for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute
for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou Street, Platani, Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - Yubao Deng
- Department
of Materials, Henry Royce Institute and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Westminster M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Cristina Vallés
- Department
of Materials, Henry Royce Institute and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Westminster M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - George Anagnostopoulos
- Foundation
for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute
for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou Street, Platani, Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Foundation
for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute
for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou Street, Platani, Patras GR26504, Greece
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Mark A. Bissett
- Department
of Materials, Henry Royce Institute and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Westminster M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ian A. Kinloch
- Department
of Materials, Henry Royce Institute and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Westminster M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Drabik J, Kaźmierczak B, Kozdrach R, Rogoś E. The Use of Raman Spectroscopy to Monitor Changes in the Intensity of Ratio of Integral Unsaturated Bands in Bio-Greases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073033. [PMID: 37049796 PMCID: PMC10096417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-greases were developed on the basis of vegetable oil obtained from Crambe Abyssinic seeds. An important aspect of this research is to monitor changes in their quality taking place under the influence of external factors. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify changes taking place in the bio-lubricant under the influence of mechanical and thermal forces. The performed tests reflected the operating temperature and friction load that may occur during actual operating conditions for the lubricated friction systems. The Raman spectra provided information on qualitative changes in the structure of the tested bio-lubricants at the molecular level. The integral intensity of the bands used to assess the degree of lipid unsaturation was adopted as the evaluation criterion. The influence of the oxidation process under the PetroOxy and wear test conditions on changes in the structure of the bio-lubricants was assessed. Variation in the integral intensity of the bands (I1655/I1440) proves that the structure of vegetable lubricants changes under the influence of the tests performed. Thermal and mechanical forces influence, the bands originating in unsaturated and result in a decrease in the oxidation resistance of vegetable lubricants.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu W, Qiao X, Liu S, Chen P. A Review of Nanomaterials with Different Dimensions as Lubricant Additives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213780. [PMID: 36364556 PMCID: PMC9658265 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lubricant additives can effectively enhance the performance and environmental adaptability of lubricants and reduce the energy loss and machine wear caused by friction. Nanomaterials, as important additive materials, have an essential role in the research and development of new lubricants, whose lubrication performances and mechanisms are not only related to their physical and chemical properties, but also influenced by the geometric shape. In this paper, the friction reduction and antiwear performances of nanomaterials as lubricant additives are first reviewed according to the classification of the dimensions, and their lubrication mechanisms and influence rules are revealed. Second, the recent research progress of composite nanomaterials as lubrication additives is introduced, focusing on their synergistic mechanism to improve the lubrication performance further. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges faced by nanoadditives and provide an outlook on future research. The review expects to provide new ideas for the selection and development of lubricant additives to expand the application of nanoadditives.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao J, Gao T, Dang J, Cao W, Wang Z, Li S, Shi Y. Using Green, Economical, Efficient Two-Dimensional (2D) Talc Nanosheets as Lubricant Additives under Harsh Conditions. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101666. [PMID: 35630888 PMCID: PMC9143605 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted much attention for lubrication enhancement of grease. It is difficult to disperse nanosheets in viscous grease and the lubrication performances of grease under harsh conditions urgently need to be improved. In this study, the 2D talc nanosheets are modified by a silane coupling agent with the assistance of high-energy ball milling, which can stably disperse in grease. The thickness and size of the talc nanosheet are about 20 nm and 2 µm. The silane coupling agent is successfully grafted on the surface of talc. Using the modified-talc nanosheet, the coefficient of friction and wear depth can be reduced by 40% and 66% under high temperature (150 °C) and high load (3.5 GPa), respectively. The enhancement of the lubrication and anti-wear performance is attributed to the boundary adsorbed tribofilm of talc achieving a repairing effect of the friction interfaces, the repairing effect of talc on the friction interfaces. This work provides green, economical guidance for developing natural lubricant additives and has great potential in sustainable lubrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (J.Z.); (T.G.); (J.D.); (Z.W.)
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Tong Gao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (J.Z.); (T.G.); (J.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jie Dang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (J.Z.); (T.G.); (J.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Weiyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Ziqi Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (J.Z.); (T.G.); (J.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shuangxi Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (J.Z.); (T.G.); (J.D.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +46-72-523-9590 (Y.S.)
| | - Yijun Shi
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +46-72-523-9590 (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|