Almadiy AA, Nenaah GE, Albogami BZ. Bioactivity of Deverra tortuosa essential oil, its nanoemulsion, and phenylpropanoids against the cowpea weevil, a stored grain pest with eco-toxicological evaluations.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022;
29:65112-65127. [PMID:
35484454 DOI:
10.1007/s11356-022-20404-w]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil (EO) was hydrodistilled from of Deverra tortuosa aerial parts. Fifty-six components amounting 99.3% were identified in EO through using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and (GC-MS). Phenylpropanoids, dillapiole (41.6%), elemicin (7.3%) and myristicin (5.1%), and the monoterpene, sabinene (4.2%) were identified as the major terpenes. An oil-in-water nanoemulsion (particle size 70.3 nm) was developed from EO adopting a low-energy method. The EO products showed insecticidal and biochemical effects against the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus. Based on a 48-h exposure period, the oil nanoemulsion exhibited a superior contact bioactivity (LC50 = 10.3 µg/cm2), followed by EO (LC50 = 23.1 µg/cm2), dillapiole (LC50 = 27.8 µg/cm2), and myristicin (LC50 = 37.1 µg/cm2). Upon fumigation, nanoemulsion and EO were superior as fumigants (LC50 after 48 h were 6.9 and 14.3 µl/l, respectively). Test materials showed a residual bioactivity against C. maculatus, where EO, dillapiole, and myristicin showed the strongest grain protecting activity. EO products significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of C. maculatus adults. Test products were safe toward the non-target earthworms and did not alter the viability of cowpea seeds. There are evidences for the potential of using EO of D. tortuosa and its nanoemulsion and phenylpropanoids as natural grain protectants against C. maculatus.
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