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Osman AF, El Balaa H, El Samad O, Awad R, Badawi MS. Assessment of X-ray shielding properties of polystyrene incorporated with different nano-sizes of PbO. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023; 62:235-251. [PMID: 36939894 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PbO (lead oxide) particles with different sizes were incorporated into polystyrene (PS) with various weight fractions (0, 10, 15, 25, 35%). These novel PS/PbO nano-composites were produced by roll mill mixing and compressing molding techniques and then investigated for radiation attenuation of X-rays (N-series/ISO 4037) typically used in radiology. Properties of the PbO particles were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Filler dispersion and elemental composition of the prepared nano-composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), revealing better filler distribution and fewer agglomerations with smaller PbO particle size. Linear and mass attenuation coefficients (μ and μm), total molecular and atomic cross-sections (σmol and σatm), as well as effective atomic number and electron density (Zeff and Neff), were calculated for the energy range N40 to N200. The influence of PbO weight percentage on the enhancement of the shielding parameters of the nano-composites was expected; however, the effect of PbO particle size was surprising. Linear and mass attenuation coefficients for PS/PbO composites increased gradually with increasing PbO concentrations, and composites with a small size of nanoparticles showed best performance. In addition, increasing PbO concentration raised the effective atomic number Zeff of the composite. Hence, the electron density Neff increased, which provided a higher total interaction cross-section of X-rays with the composites. Maximum radiation shielding was observed for PS/PbO(B). It is concluded that this material might be used in developping low-cost and lightweight X-ray shielding to be used in radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Firas Osman
- Department of Physics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hanna El Balaa
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar El Samad
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramadan Awad
- Department of Physics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed S Badawi
- Department of Physics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Tudose IV, Mouratis K, Ionescu ON, Romanitan C, Pachiu C, Tutunaru-Brincoveanu O, Suchea MP, Koudoumas E. Comparative Study of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes-Polypropylene Composite Materials for Electromagnetic Shielding. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142411. [PMID: 35889642 PMCID: PMC9316207 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-polypropylene (PP) composite materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications were fabricated as 1 mm thick panels and their properties were studied. Structural and morphologic characterization indicated that the obtained composite materials are not simple physical mixtures of these components but new materials with particular properties, the filler concentration and nature affecting the nanomaterials’ structure and their conductivity. In the case of GNPs, their characteristics have a dramatic effect of their functionality, since they can lead to composites with lower conductivity and less effective EMI shielding. Regarding CNTs-PP composite panels, these were found to exhibit excellent EMI attenuation of more than 40 dB, for 10% CNTs concentration. The development of PP-based composite materials with added value and particular functionality (i.e., electrical conductivity and EMI shielding) is highly significant since PP is one of the most used polymers, the best for injection molding, and virtually infinitely recyclable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Valentin Tudose
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Mouratis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Octavian Narcis Ionescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.-B.)
- Petroleum and Gas University of Ploiesti, 100680 Ploiesti, Romania
| | - Cosmin Romanitan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.-B.)
| | - Cristina Pachiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.-B.)
| | - Oana Tutunaru-Brincoveanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.-B.)
| | - Mirela Petruta Suchea
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.-B.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: or (M.P.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Emmanouel Koudoumas
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: or (M.P.S.); (E.K.)
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Epoxy Coatings Containing Modified Graphene for Electromagnetic Shielding. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122508. [PMID: 35746083 PMCID: PMC9230799 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the functionalization and characterization of graphene and electromagnetic interference (EMI) attenuation capacity in epoxy-nanocomposites. The modification of graphene involved both small molecules and polymers for compatibilization with epoxy resin components to provide EMI shielding. The TGA and RAMAN analyses confirmed the synthesis of graphene with a different layer thickness of the graphene sheets. Graphene samples with different layer thicknesses (monolayer, few layers, and multilayer) were selected and further employed for epoxy coating formulation. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized in terms of EMI shielding effectiveness, SEM, micro-CT, magnetic properties, and stress-strain resistance. The EMI shielding effectiveness results indicated that the unmodified graphene and hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) modified graphene displayed the best EMI shielding properties at 11 GHz. However, the epoxy nanocomposites based on HMDA modified graphene displayed better flexibility with an identical EMI shielding effectiveness compared to the unmodified graphene despite the formation of aggregates. The improved flexibility of the epoxy nanocomposites and EMI shielding characteristics of HMDA functionalized graphene offers a practical solution for textile coatings with microwave absorbing (MA) capacity.
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Tudose IV, Mouratis K, Ionescu ON, Romanitan C, Pachiu C, Pricop E, Khomenko VH, Butenko O, Chernysh O, Barsukov VZ, Suchea MP, Koudoumas E. Carbon Allotropes-Based Paints and Their Composite Coatings for Electromagnetic Shielding Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111839. [PMID: 35683694 PMCID: PMC9181905 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The present manuscript reports on optimized formulations of alcohol-based conductive paints for electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI), which can ensure compatibility and reduce the visibility of electronic equipment, as a continuation of our previous work in this field, which examined water-based formulations for other applications. Graphite, carbon black, graphene, Fe3O4, Fe ore, and PEDOT:PSS in various ratios and combinations were employed in an alcohol base for developing homogeneous paint-like fluid mixtures that could be easily applied to surfaces with a paintbrush, leading to homogeneous, uniform, opaque layers, drying fast in the air at room temperature; these layers had a reasonably good electrical conductivity and, subsequently, an efficient EMI-shielding performance. Uniform, homogeneous and conductive layers with a thickness of over 1 mm without exfoliations and cracking were prepared with the developed paints, offering an attenuation of up to 50 dB of incoming GHz electromagnetic radiation. The structural and morphological characteristics of the paints, which were studied in detail, indicated that these are not simple physical mixtures of the ingredients but new composite materials. Finally, mechano-climatic and environmental tests on the coatings demonstrated their quality, since temperature, humidity and vibration stressors did not affect them; this result proves that these coatings are suitable for commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Valentin Tudose
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Mouratis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Octavian Narcis Ionescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.)
- Petroleum and Gas University of Ploiesti, 100680 Ploiesti, Romania;
| | - Cosmin Romanitan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristina Pachiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Emil Pricop
- Petroleum and Gas University of Ploiesti, 100680 Ploiesti, Romania;
| | - Volodymyr H. Khomenko
- Department of Electrochemical Power Engineering and Chemistry, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, 01011 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.H.K.); (O.B.); (O.C.)
| | - Oksana Butenko
- Department of Electrochemical Power Engineering and Chemistry, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, 01011 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.H.K.); (O.B.); (O.C.)
| | - Oksana Chernysh
- Department of Electrochemical Power Engineering and Chemistry, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, 01011 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.H.K.); (O.B.); (O.C.)
| | - Viacheslav Z. Barsukov
- Department of Electrochemical Power Engineering and Chemistry, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, 01011 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.H.K.); (O.B.); (O.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.B.); or (M.P.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Mirela Petruta Suchea
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), 023573 Bucharest, Romania; (O.N.I.); (C.R.); (C.P.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: (V.Z.B.); or (M.P.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Emmanouel Koudoumas
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (I.V.T.); (K.M.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: (V.Z.B.); or (M.P.S.); (E.K.)
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