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Li S, Sun J, Gao Y, Zou A, Cheng J. Enhanced fungicidal efficacy and improved interfacial properties with the co-delivery of prothioconazole and tebuconazole using polylactic acid microspheres. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1831-1838. [PMID: 38031966 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prothioconazole (PTC) is one of the leading fungicide products worldwide. However, excessive use of PTC facilitates the development of resistance. Pesticide compounding technology plays an important role in reducing pesticide resistance. Microspherization technology for the construction of pesticide dual-loaded systems has recently provided a new direction for researching novel and efficient pesticide formulations. In this study, prothioconazole-tebuconazole@polylactic acid microspheres (PTC-TBA@PLA MS) were constructed by combining these two technologies. RESULTS The final PTC-TBA@PLA MS were selected by an orthogonal method, which were uniformly spherical with smooth surface. The resultant drug loading (DL) and average particle size of PTC-TBA@PLA MS were 31.34% and 22.3 μm, respectively. A PTC-TBA@PLA MS suspending agent (SC) with a high suspension rate of 94.3% was prepared according to the suspension rate, dumping ability and stability. Compared with a commercial SC, the PTC-TBA@PLA MS SC had a larger cumulative release and better interfacial properties. Biological experiments showed that PTC-TBA@PLA MS SC had an obviously improved bactericidal effect than the commercial SC. CONCLUSION The constructed PTC-TBA@PLA MS system detailed here is expected to reduce the risk of resistance and the frequency of pesticide use while enhancing fungal control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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2
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Shahbaz M, Seelan JSS, Abasi F, Fatima N, Mehak A, Raza MU, Raja NI, Proćków J. Nanotechnology for controlling mango malformation: a promising approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38344816 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2312449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important fruit crops in the world with yields of approximately 40 million tons annually and its production continues to decrease every year as a result of the attack of certain pathogens i.e. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Erythricium salmonicolor, Amritodus atkinsoni, Idioscopus clypealis, Idioscopus nitidulus, Bactrocera obliqua, Bactrocera frauenfeldi, Xanthomonas campestris, and Fusarium mangiferae. So F. mangiferae is the most harmful pathogen that causes mango malformation disease in mango which decreases its 90% yield. Nanotechnology is an eco-friendly and has a promising effect over traditional methods to cure fungal diseases. Different nanoparticles possess antifungal potential in terms of controlling the fungal diseases in plants but applications of nanotechnology in plant disease managements is minimal. The main focus of this review is to highlight the previous and current strategies to control mango malformation and highlights the promising applications of nanomaterials in combating mango malformation. Hence, the present review aims to provide brief information on the disease and effective management strategies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fozia Abasi
- Department of Botany, P MAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Noor Fatima
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Mehak
- Department of Botany, P MAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Raza
- Department of Botany, P MAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal Raja
- Department of Botany, P MAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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3
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Victoria J, Tripathi S, Prakash V, Tiwari K, Mahra S, Sharma A, Rana S, Kandhol N, Sahi S, Tripathi DK, Sharma S. Encapsulated nanopesticides application in plant protection: Quo vadis? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108225. [PMID: 38147708 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The increased global food insecurity due to the growing population can be addressed with precision and sustainable agricultural practices. To tackle the issues regarding food insecurity, farmers used different agrochemicals that improved plant growth and protection. Among these agrochemicals, synthetic pesticides used for plant protection in the agricultural field have various disadvantages. Conventional applications of synthetic pesticides have drawbacks such as rapid degradation, poor solubility, and non-target effects, as well as increased pesticide runoff that pollutes the environment. Nanotechnology has evolved as a potential solution to increase agricultural productivity through the development of different nanoforms of agrochemicals such as nanopesticides, nano-fabricated fertilizers, nanocapsules, nanospheres, nanogels, nanofibers, nanomicelles, and nano-based growth promoters. Encapsulation of these pesticides inside the nanomaterials has provided good biocompatibility over conventional application by inhibiting the early degradation of active ingredients (AI), increasing the uptake and adhesion of pesticides, improving the stability, solubility, and permeability of the pesticides, and decreasing the environmental impacts due to the pesticide runoff. In this review, different nanoforms of encapsulated pesticides and their smart delivery systems; nanocarriers in RNA interference (RNAi) based pesticides; environmental fate, practical implications, management of nanopesticides; and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Victoria
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sneha Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Ved Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Kavita Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Shivani Mahra
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Adwithiya Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Shweta Rana
- Department of Physical and Natural Sciences, FLAME University, Pune, India
| | - Nidhi Kandhol
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Shivendra Sahi
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, University City Campus, 600 S. 43rd St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India.
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4
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Antunes M. Application of Graphene-Based Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2748. [PMID: 37887899 PMCID: PMC10609724 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This Topic on the "Application of Graphene-Based Materials", which consists of a total of twenty-six articles, including two review articles, written by research groups of experts in the field, considers the most recent research and trends on the synthesis and characterization of graphene-based materials, including nanohybrids, intended for a vast array of high-demanding technological applications, namely batteries/fuel cells, aerogels, laser technology, sensors, electronic/magnetic devices, catalysts, etc [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Antunes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Poly2 Group, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC BarcelonaTech), ESEIAAT, C/Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
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5
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Nielsen MB, Skjolding L, Baun A, Hansen SF. European nanomaterial legislation in the past 20 years - Closing the final gaps. NANOIMPACT 2023; 32:100487. [PMID: 37821007 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In 2004, the potential societal implications related to nanotechnology were highlighted in an influential report by the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering (RS & RAE). It was made clear that legislation is an important tool to tackle the challenges related to nanomaterials and a list of recommendations were put forward. Shortly after, the European Commission also proposed a list of recommendations on how to handle nanomaterial challenges and adopted the so-called "incremental approach", describing that current legislations should be adapted, where relevant, to handle nanomaterials. Now almost 20 years have passed and it seems relevant to take stock and investigate how legislations have been adapted to tackle nano-specific challenges. In this review, we analyze key pieces of European legislations relevant to nanomaterials and assess to what extent these legislations compare with the original recommendations from 2004 by the RS & RAE and the European Commission. We uncover the cross-cutting challenges that remain and provide recommendations on next steps that should be taken to address the risks of nanomaterials. For each recommendation, we assessed whether it was met to a high, medium or low degree by conducting targeted literature searches at Web of Science, screening legislations, guidance documents, databases etc., and applying expert judgement. We found that >90% of the recommendations put forward in 2004 by the RS & RAE and the European Commission have been either met to a high degree (13 out of 29) or met to a medium degree (14 out of 29). This suggests important advancements in the field of nanosafety. At the same time, it is important to address the concerns still left partly or fully unsolved. Such efforts entail e.g. further development of measuring instruments and standardised characterization and risk assessment methods for nanomaterials, application of a uniform nanomaterial definition, maximization of containment of free nanomaterials until hazards assessed/handled and elimination/minimisation of unintentional nanomaterial emission. Furthermore, we recommend prioritising future efforts to ensure enforcement and implementation of existing nano-specific provisions, as well as revision, where needed, of legislations that currently do not account for nanomaterials, such as the Waste Framework Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bille Nielsen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Lars Skjolding
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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6
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Li X, Chen Y, Xu J, Lynch I, Guo Z, Xie C, Zhang P. Advanced nanopesticides: Advantage and action mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108051. [PMID: 37820512 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of various chemical substances to control pests, diseases, and weeds in the field is a necessary part of the agricultural development process in every country. While the application of pesticides can improve the quality and yield of crops, plant resistance and the harm caused by pesticide residues to the environment and humans have led to the search for greener and safer pesticide formulations to improve the current situation. In recent years, nanopesticides (NPts) have shown great potential in agriculture due to their high efficiency, low toxicity, targeting, resistance, and controlled slow release demonstrated in the experimental stage. Commonly used approaches to prepare NPts include the use of nanoscale metal materials as active ingredients (AI) (ingredients that can play a role in insecticide, sterilization and weeding) or the construction of carriers based on commonly used pesticides to make them stable in nano-sized form. This paper systematically summarizes the advantages and effects of NPts over conventional pesticides, analyzes the formation and functions of NPts in terms of structure, AI, and additives, and describes the mechanism of action of NPts. Despite the feasibility of NPts use, there is not enough comprehensive research on NPts, which must be supplemented by more experiments in terms of biotoxicology and ecological effects to provide strong support for NPts application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianing Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Changjian Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Jia Y, Kang L, Wu Y, Zhou C, Li D, Li J, Pan C. Review on Pesticide Abiotic Stress over Crop Health and Intervention by Various Biostimulants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13595-13611. [PMID: 37669447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are essential for life on earth, and agricultural crops are a primary food source for humans. For the One Health future, crop health is crucial for safe, high-quality agricultural products and the development of future green commodities. However, the overuse of pesticides in modern agriculture raises concerns about their adverse effects on crop resistance and product quality. Recently, biostimulants, including microecological bacteria agents and nanoparticles, have garnered worldwide interest for their ability to sustain plant health and enhance crop resistance. This review analyzed the effects and mechanisms of pesticide stress on crop health. It also investigated the regulation of biostimulants on crop health and the multiomics mechanism, combining research on nanoselenium activating various crop health aspects conducted by the authors' research group. The paper helps readers understand the impact of pesticides on crop health and the positive influence of various biostimulants, especially nanomaterials and small molecules, on crop health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Jia
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lu Kang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, P. R. China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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8
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Bhattacharya N, Cahill DM, Yang W, Kochar M. Graphene as a nano-delivery vehicle in agriculture - current knowledge and future prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:851-869. [PMID: 35815813 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2090315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has triggered enormous interest in, and exploration of, its applications in diverse areas of science and technology due to its unique properties. While graphene has displayed great potential as a nano-delivery system for drugs and biomolecules in biomedicine, its application as a nanocarrier in agriculture has only begun to be explored. Conventional fertilizers and agricultural delivery systems have a number of disadvantages, such as: fast release of the active ingredient, low delivery efficiency, rapid degradation and low stability that often leads to their over-application and consequent environmental problems. Advanced nano fertilizers with high carrier efficiency and slow and controlled release are now considered the gold standard for promoting agricultural sustainability while protecting the environment. Graphene's attractive properties include large surface area, chemical stability, mechanical stability, tunable surface chemistry and low toxicity making it a promising material on which to base agricultural delivery systems. Recent research has demonstrated considerable success in the use of graphene for agricultural applications, including its utilization as a delivery vehicle for plant nutrients and crop protection agents, as well as in post-harvest management of crops. This review, therefore, presents a comprehensive overview of the current status of graphene-based nanocarriers in agriculture. Additionally, the review outlines the surface functionalization methods used for effective molecular delivery, various strategies for nano-vehicle design and the underlying features necessary for a graphene-based agro-delivery system. Finally, the review discusses directions for further research in optimization of graphene-based nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Bhattacharya
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gual Pahari, Haryana, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mandira Kochar
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gual Pahari, Haryana, India
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Singhal J, Verma S, Kumar S. The physio-chemical properties and applications of 2D nanomaterials in agricultural and environmental sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155669. [PMID: 35523341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Global hunger and nutritional deficiency demand the advancement of existing and conventional approaches to food production. The application of nanoenabled strategies in agriculture has opened up new avenues for enhancing crop yield and productivity. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (NMs) have manifested new possibilities for increasing food production and nutrition. Graphene nanosheets, the 2D form of graphene has been exemplary in enhancing the loading capacity of agro-active ingredients, their target-specific delivery, bioavailability, and controlled release with slow degradation, resulting in the increased shelf-life/active time of the agro-active components. Also, the development of novel formulations/composites of MXenes and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) can foster plant growth, metabolism, crop production, protection and improvement of soil quality. Additionally, the 2D NM-based biosensors can monitor the nutrient levels and other parameters affecting agronomical traits in plants. This review provides an insight into the details of 2D NM synthesis and functionalization methods. Notably, the review highlights the broad-range of 2D NM applications and their suitability in the development of nanotechnology-based agriformulations. The 2D NM-based derivatives have shown immense potential in enhancing the pedologic parameters, crop productivity, pest-protection and nutritional value. Thus, assisting in achieving food and environmental sustainability goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Singhal
- Department of Health Research-Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Department of Health Research-Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India.
| | - Smita Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India.
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Graphene oxide modification enhances the activity of chitosan against Fusarium graminearum in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1112-1121. [PMID: 36049564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), a pathogen for Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat, significantly reduces wheat yield and poses potential threats to human food safety. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) modified chitosan (GO-CS composite) was synthesized and its antifungal activity against F. graminearum in vitro and in vivo was evaluated. The 1HNMR and FTIR results revealed the reaction between the carboxyl groups in GO and the amino groups in chitosan (CS). In vitro, the combination of GO and CS resulted in a significant synergistic inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of F. graminearum relative to single GO or CS. The EC50 value of the GO-CS composite was 14.07 μg/mL, which was much lower than that of GO or CS alone. In vivo, the GO-CS composite significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity compared with single GO or CS, and the control efficacy could reach 60.01 %. Microbial cells might be ultimately damaged when interacting with GO-CS due to various mechanisms such as biological effects and physical barriers. Overall, the combination of GO and CS provides new opportunities for their application in the control of fungi.
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