1
|
Käfer S, Niemeyer N, Tölle J, Neugebauer J. Triplet Excitation-Energy Transfer Couplings from Subsystem Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2475-2490. [PMID: 38450637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We present an implementation of triplet excitation-energy transfer (TEET) couplings based on subsystem-based time-dependent density-functional theory (sTDDFT). TEET couplings are systematically investigated by comparing "exact" and approximate variants of sTDDFT. We demonstrate that, while sTDDFT utilizing explicit approximate non-additive kinetic energy (NAKE) density functionals is well-suited for describing singlet EET processes, it is inadequate for characterizing TEET. However, we show that projection-based embedding (PbE)-based sTDDFT addresses the challenges faced by NAKE-sTDDFT and emerges as a promising method for accurately describing electronic couplings in TEET processes. We also introduce the mixed PbE-/NAKE-embedding procedure to investigate the TEET effects in solvated pairs of chromophores. This approach offers a good balance between accuracy and efficiency, enabling comprehensive studies of TEET processes in complex environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Käfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Niklas Niemeyer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Johannes Tölle
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kopp K, Westhofen L, Hett T, Felix Schwering-Sohnrey M, Mayländer M, Richert S, Schiemann O. Synthesis and dark state EPR properties of PDI-trityl dyads and triads. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303635. [PMID: 38055217 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Covalently-linked chromophore-radical systems with their unique optical and magnetic properties are useful for applications in, e. g., quantum information science. To expand the catalog of molecular systems, we synthesized and characterized six novel chromophore-radical and radical-chromophore-radical systems employing derivatives of perylene diimide (PDI) as the chromophore and trityl as the radical. The EPR properties of these compounds were evaluated in solution at cryogenic and room temperatures. In addition, the electron spin-spin coupling in the two bistrityl systems was investigated using DQC measurements. The presented results serve as a basis for further spectroscopic investigations under photoexcitation of the PDI core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kopp
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Westhofen
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Hett
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Mayländer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Richert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sinambela N, Jacobi R, Hernández-Castillo D, Hofmeister E, Hagmeyer N, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, González L, Pannwitz A. Alignment and photooxidation dynamics of a perylene diimide chromophore in lipid bilayers. MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING 2023; 8:842-852. [PMID: 37404447 PMCID: PMC10317050 DOI: 10.1039/d2me00243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a method of enabling photochemical reactions in water by using biomimetic, water-soluble liposomes and a specifically functionalized perylene diimide chromophore. Linking two flexible saturated C4-alkyl chains with terminal positively charged trimethylammonium groups to the rigid perylene diimide core yielded [1]2+ allowing for its co-assembly at the lipid bilayer interface of DOPG liposomes (DOPG = 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol)) with a preferred orientation and in close proximity to the water interface. According to molecular dynamics simulations the chromophore aligns preferably parallel to the membrane surface which is supported by confocal microscopy. Irradiation experiments with visible light and in the presence of a negatively charged, water-soluble oxidant were slower in the DOPG-membrane than under acetonitrile-water reaction conditions. The generated radical species was characterized by EPR spectroscopy in an acetonitrile-water mixture and associated to the DOPG-membrane. Time-resolved emission studies revealed a static quenching process for the initial electron transfer from photoexcited [1]2+ to the water soluble oxidant. The findings presented in this study yield design principles for the functionalization of lipid bilayer membranes which will be relevant for the molecular engineering of artificial cellular organelles and nano-reactors based on biomimetic vesicles and membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Novitasari Sinambela
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Richard Jacobi
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 17 1090 Vienna Austria
- Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna Währinger Straße 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - David Hernández-Castillo
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 17 1090 Vienna Austria
- Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna Währinger Straße 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Elisabeth Hofmeister
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Research Department Functional Interfaces Albert-Einstein-Straβe 9 Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Nina Hagmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 Jena 07743 Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Research Department Functional Interfaces Albert-Einstein-Straβe 9 Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 Jena 07743 Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Research Department Functional Interfaces Albert-Einstein-Straβe 9 Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 17 1090 Vienna Austria
- Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 17 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Andrea Pannwitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su P, Ran G, Wang H, Yue J, Kong Q, Bo Z, Zhang W. Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interaction Switching in the Aggregates of Perylene Diimide Trimer: Effect of Hydrophobicity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073003. [PMID: 37049767 PMCID: PMC10095916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on perylene diimide (PDI) aggregates effectively promotes their applications in organic photovoltaic solar cells and fluorescent sensors. In this paper, a PDI fabricated with three peripheral PDI units (N, N’-bis(6-undecyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide)) is investigated. The trimer shows different absorption and fluorescence properties due to hydrophobicity when dissolved in the mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water. Through comprehensive analysis of the fluorescence lifetime and transient absorption spectroscopic results, we concluded that the trimer underwent different excited state kinetic pathways with different concentrations of water in THF. When dissolved in pure THF solvent, both the intramolecular charge-transfer and excimer states are formed. When the water concentration increases from 0 to 50% (v/v), the formation time of the excimer state and its structural relaxation time are prolonged, illustrating the arising of the intermolecular excimer state. It is interesting to determine that the probability of the intramolecular charge-transfer pathway will first decrease and then increase as the speed of intermolecular excimer formation slows down. The two inflection points appear when the water concentration is above 10% and 40%. The results not only highlight the importance of hydrophobicity on the aggregate properties of PDI multimers but also guide the further design of PDI-based organic photovoltaic solar cells.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kihal N, Côté-Cyr M, Nazemi A, Bourgault S. Semiconductive and Biocompatible Nanofibrils from the Self-Assembly of Amyloid π-Conjugated Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1417-1431. [PMID: 36847776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their capacity to self-assemble into organized nanostructures, amyloid polypeptides can serve as scaffolds for the design of biocompatible semiconductive materials. Herein, symmetric and asymmetric amyloid π-conjugated peptides were prepared through condensation of perylene diimide (PDI) with a natural amyloidogenic sequence derived from the islet amyloid polypeptide. These PDI-bioconjugates assembled into long and linear nanofilaments in aqueous solution, which were characterized by a cross-β-sheet quaternary organization. Current-voltage curves exhibited a clear signature of semiconductors, whereas the cellular assays revealed cytocompatibility and potential application in fluorescence microscopy. Although the incorporation of a single amyloid peptide appeared sufficient to drive the self-assembly into organized fibrils, the incorporation of two peptide sequences at the PDI's imide positions significantly enhanced the conductivity of nanofibril-based films. Overall, this study exposes a novel strategy based on amyloidogenic peptide to guide the self-assembly of π-conjugated systems into robust, biocompatible, and optoelectronic nanofilaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadjib Kihal
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3P8, Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications (PROTEO), Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, QCAM, Montreal H1A 0A1, Canada
| | - Mélanie Côté-Cyr
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3P8, Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications (PROTEO), Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3P8, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, QCAM, Montreal H1A 0A1, Canada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3P8, Canada
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications (PROTEO), Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dixit SJN, Chacko S, Manna B, Agarwal N. Ultrafast Dynamics of Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Bay-Aryl-Substituted Perylene Diimide Derivatives. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5908-5919. [PMID: 35894852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blends of donors and acceptors have been widely used in bulk-heterojunction solar cells to have exciton formation and charge separation by photoinduced electron transfer (PET). In this work, we have synthesized perylene diimide (PDI)-based materials having different aryl substituents at the bay positions (4-Anisyl-PDI, CBZ-N-Ph-PDI, and 4-Pyridyl-PDI) to understand the excited-state dynamics of electron transfer. The detailed photophysics was studied using steady-state as well as ultrafast dynamics of the excited states in different solvents. CBZ-N-Ph-PDI showed tremendous effects of the solvent on the electronic properties compared with the other two derivatives. The emission quantum yield of CBZ-N-Ph-PDI decreases drastically in dichloromethane and other polar solvents, indicating strong electron transfer. DFT calculations showed that in CBZ-N-Ph-PDI the HOMO is centered mostly on the N-phenylcarbazole and the LUMO is on the electron-poor PDI moieties. In addition, the energy levels of the HOMO and HOMO-1 in CBZ-N-Ph-PDI are estimated to be identical. The free energy change for charge separation (ΔGCS) was calculated using electrochemical and photophysical data and found to be negative for CBZ-N-Ph-PDI. The ground- and excited-state dipole moment ratios suggest that the excited state of 4-Pyridyl-PDI (1.90) is less polar than that of 4-Anisyl-PDI (3.67), which provides an idea of the lower possibility of charge separation in 4-Anisyl-PDI and 4-Pyridyl-PDI. Ultrafast photodynamics studies of 4-Anisyl-PDI, CBZ-N-Ph-PDI, and 4-Pyridyl-PDI showed fast electron transfer only in CBZ-N-Ph-PDI and not in the other PDI derivatives. It was also observed that electron transfer is faster in DCM and THF than in toluene. Ultrafast dynamics studies showed the presence of an equilibrium between electron transfer and decay from the singlet excited state. Ultrafast studies also showed the features of the N-phenylcarbazole cation and PDI anion, further confirming the intramolecular electron transfer in CBZ-N-Ph-PDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati J N Dixit
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Sajeev Chacko
- Department of Physics, University of Mumbai, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Biswajit Manna
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang LP, Liu CZ, Liu M, Lu S, Yu SB, Qi QY, Yang GY, Li X, Yang B, Li ZT. CB[10]-driven self-assembly of a homotrimer from a symmetric organic dye: tunable multicolor fluorescence and higher solid-state stability than that of a CB[8]-included homodimer. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A symmetric organic dye can form a highly stable homotrimer in the cavity of CB[10], which exhibits unique multicolour fluorescence different from that of the single molecule or its dimer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Department of Chemistry, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shang-Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guan-Yu Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|