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Liu J, Wu H, Qiu J, Yang S, Xiang D, Zhang X, Kuang J, Xiao M, Yu Q, Cheng X. Novel bioactive nanospheres show effective antibacterial effect against multiple endodontic pathogens. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28266. [PMID: 38560113 PMCID: PMC10979287 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The current study evaluated the antibacterial activity of a newly developed quaternary ammonium polymethacrylate (QAPM)-containing bioactive glasses (BGs) via a two-step method by our group, namely BGs-HAEMB, and explored its cytotoxicity and biocompatibility. Methods The antibacterial effects of the BGs-HAEMB against planktonic bacteria, bacterial biofilm formation, and experimental root canal biofilms of persistent pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus sanguis and Porphyromonas endodontalis) associated with endodontic infection were evaluated in vitro by agar diffusion tests, direct contact tests and live/dead staining. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of BGs-HAEMB were evaluated by CCK-8 assays in vitro and a skin implantation model in vivo. Results Compared to three clinically used endodontic sealers (Endofill, AH Plus, and iRoot SP), BGs-HAEMB exhibited the relatively strongest antibacterial effect against E. faecalis, S. sanguis and P. endodontalis after sitting for 14 and 28 days (P < 0.01). SEM images and CLSM images also showed that for each tested bacteria, BGs-HAEMB killed the most microorganism among all the experimental groups, regardless of treatment for 7 days or 28 days (P < 0.05). Besides, the BGs-HAEMB-treated groups showed a relatively low cytotoxicity (RGRs ranging from 88.6% to 102.9%) after 1, 3, and 7 days of exposure. Meanwhile, after 28 days of implantation, the inflammatory grade in BGs-HAEMB treated group was assessed as Grade I, in which the average numbers of inflammatory cells (6.7 ± 2.1) were less than 25. Conclusions BGs-HAEMB exerted a long-term and stable antibacterial effect. The remarkable biocompatibility of BGs-HAEMB in vitro and in vivo confirmed its possible clinical application as a potential alternative in the development of the next generation of endodontic sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
- Department of Stomatology, Huangshan City People's Hospital, Huangshan, 245000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Haoze Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Sirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Doudou Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jinxin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
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Capuano N, Amato A, Dell’Annunziata F, Giordano F, Folliero V, Di Spirito F, More PR, De Filippis A, Martina S, Amato M, Galdiero M, Iandolo A, Franci G. Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Application in Endodontics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1690. [PMID: 38136724 PMCID: PMC10740835 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Root canal treatment represents a significant challenge as current cleaning and disinfection methodologies fail to remove persistent bacterial biofilms within the intricate anatomical structures. Recently, the field of nanotechnology has emerged as a promising frontier with numerous biomedical applications. Among the most notable contributions of nanotechnology are nanoparticles, which possess antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Nanoparticles cause the destructuring of bacterial walls, increasing the permeability of the cell membrane, stimulating the generation of reactive oxygen species, and interrupting the replication of deoxyribonucleic acid through the controlled release of ions. Thus, they could revolutionize endodontics, obtaining superior results and guaranteeing a promising short- and long-term prognosis. Therefore, chitosan, silver, graphene, poly(lactic) co-glycolic acid, bioactive glass, mesoporous calcium silicate, hydroxyapatite, zirconia, glucose oxidase magnetic, copper, and zinc oxide nanoparticles in endodontic therapy have been investigated in the present review. The diversified antimicrobial mechanisms of action, the numerous applications, and the high degree of clinical safety could encourage the scientific community to adopt nanoparticles as potential drugs for the treatment of endodontic diseases, overcoming the limitations related to antibiotic resistance and eradication of the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Capuano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Federica Dell’Annunziata
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.R.M.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesco Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Federica Di Spirito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Pragati Rajendra More
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.R.M.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.R.M.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Stefano Martina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Massimo Amato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.R.M.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
- Complex Operative Unity of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
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Song X, Segura-Egea JJ, Díaz-Cuenca A. Sol-Gel Technologies to Obtain Advanced Bioceramics for Dental Therapeutics. Molecules 2023; 28:6967. [PMID: 37836810 PMCID: PMC10574775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review the application of bioceramic materials in the context of current regenerative dentistry therapies, focusing on the latest advances in the synthesis of advanced materials using the sol-gel methodology. Chemical synthesis, processing and therapeutic possibilities are discussed in a structured way, according to the three main types of ceramic materials used in regenerative dentistry: bioactive glasses and glass ceramics, calcium phosphates and calcium silicates. The morphology and chemical composition of these bioceramics play a crucial role in their biological properties and effectiveness in dental therapeutics. The goal is to understand their chemical, surface, mechanical and biological properties better and develop strategies to control their pore structure, shape, size and compositions. Over the past decades, bioceramic materials have provided excellent results in a wide variety of clinical applications related to hard tissue repair and regeneration. Characteristics, such as their similarity to the chemical composition of the mineral phase of bones and teeth, as well as the possibilities offered by the advances in nanotechnology, are driving the development of new biomimetic materials that are required in regenerative dentistry. The sol-gel technique is a method for producing synthetic bioceramics with high purity and homogeneity at the molecular scale and to control the surfaces, interfaces and porosity at the nanometric scale. The intrinsic nanoporosity of materials produced by the sol-gel technique correlates with the high specific surface area, reactivity and bioactivity of advanced bioceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Song
- Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Joint CSIC-University of Seville Center, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Aránzazu Díaz-Cuenca
- Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Joint CSIC-University of Seville Center, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
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