A Trilayer Dressing with Self-Pumping and pH Monitoring Properties for Promoting Abdominal Wall Defect Repair

Phase Change Material-Embedded Multifunctional Janus Nanofiber Dressing with Directional Moisture Transport, Controlled Release of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and Synergistic Antibacterial Properties

Wound healing is a systematic and complex process that involves various intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting different stages of wound repair. Therefore, multifunctional wound dressings that can modulate these factors to promote wound healing are in high demand. In this work, a multifunctional Janus electrospinning nanofiber dressing with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, controlled release of drugs, and unidirectional water transport was prepared by depositing coaxial nanofibers on a hydrophilic poly(ε-caprolactone)@polydopamine-ε-polyl-lysine (PCL@PDA-ε-PL) nanofiber membrane. The coaxial nanofiber was loaded with the phase change material lauric acid (LA) in the shell layer and anti-inflammatory ibuprofen (IBU) in the core layer. Among them, LA with a melting point of 43 °C served as a phase change material to control the release of IBU. The phase transition of LA was induced by near-infrared (NIR) irradiation that triggered the photothermal properties of PDA. Moreover, the Janus nanofiber dressing exhibited synergistic antimicrobial properties for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus due to the photothermal properties of PDA and antibacterial ε-PL. The prepared Janus nanofiber dressing also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity and biocompatibility. In addition, the Janus nanofiber dressing had asymmetric wettability that enabled directional water transport, thereby draining excessive wound exudate. The water vapor transmission test indicated that the Janus nanofiber dressing had good air permeability. Finally, skin wound healing evaluation in rats confirmed its efficacy in promoting wound healing. Therefore, this strategy of designing and manufacturing a multifunctional Janus nanofiber dressing had great potential in wound healing applications.

Animal tissue-derived biomaterials for promoting wound healing

The skin serves as the primary barrier between the human body and external environment, and is therefore susceptible to damage from various factors. In response to this challenge, animal tissue-derived biomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for wound healing due to their abundant sources, low side-effect profiles, exceptional bioactivity, biocompatibility, and unique extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicry. The evolution of modern engineering technology and therapies has allowed these animal tissue-derived biomaterials to be transformed into various forms and modified to possess the necessary properties for wound repair. This review provides an overview of the wound healing process and the factors that influence it. We then describe the extraction methods, important properties, and recent practical applications of various animal tissue-derived biomaterials. Our focus then shifts to the critical properties of these biomaterials in skin wound healing and their latest research developments. Finally, we critically examine the limitations and future prospects of biomaterials generated from animal tissues in this field.

Topically Applied Biopolymer-Based Tri-Layered Hierarchically Structured Nanofibrous Scaffold with a Self-Pumping Effect for Accelerated Full-Thickness Wound Healing in a Rat Model

Wound healing has grown to be a significant problem at a global scale. The lack of multifunctionality in most wound dressing-based biopolymers prevents them from meeting all clinical requirements. Therefore, a multifunctional biopolymer-based tri-layered hierarchically nanofibrous scaffold in wound dressing can contribute to skin regeneration. In this study, a multifunctional antibacterial biopolymer-based tri-layered hierarchically nanofibrous scaffold comprising three layers was constructed. The bottom and the top layers contain hydrophilic silk fibroin (SF) and fish skin collagen (COL), respectively, for accelerated healing, interspersed with a middle layer of hydrophobic poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) containing amoxicillin (AMX) as an antibacterial drug. The advantageous physicochemical properties of the nanofibrous scaffold were estimated by SEM, FTIR, fluid uptake, contact angle, porosity, and mechanical properties. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxicity and cell healing were assessed by MTT assay and the cell scratching method, respectively, and revealed excellent biocompatibility. The nanofibrous scaffold exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against multiple pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the in vivo wound healing and histological studies demonstrated complete wound healing in wounded rats on day 14, along with an increase in the expression level of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and a decrease in the expression level of interleukin-6 (IL-6). The results revealed that the fabricated nanofibrous scaffold is a potent wound dressing scaffold, and significantly accelerates full-thickness wound healing in a rat model.

Chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid and other novel multifunctional hydrogel dressings for wound healing: A review

Wound healing is a complex project, and effectively promoting skin repair is a huge clinical challenge. Hydrogels have great prospect in the field of wound dressings because their physical properties are very similar to those of living tissue and have excellent properties such as high water content, oxygen permeability and softness. However, the single performance of traditional hydrogels limits their application as wound dressings. Therefore, natural polymers such as chitosan, alginate and hyaluronic acid, which are non-toxic and biocompatible, are individually or combined with other polymer materials, and loaded with typical drugs, bioactive molecules or nanomaterials. Then, the development of novel multifunctional hydrogel dressings with good antibacterial, self-healing, injectable and multi-stimulation responsiveness by using advanced technologies such as 3D printing, electrospinning and stem cell therapy has become a hot topic of current research. This paper focuses on the functional properties of novel multifunctional hydrogel dressings such as chitosan, alginate and hyaluronic acid, which lays the foundation for the research of novel hydrogel dressings with better performance.