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Toader AG, Vlasceanu GM, Serafim A, Banciu A, Ionita M. Double-Reinforced Fish Gelatin Composite Scaffolds for Osteochondral Substitutes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1815. [PMID: 36902932 PMCID: PMC10003955 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Genipin crosslinked composite blends of fish gelatin/kappa-carrageenan (fG/κC) with different concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) for osteochondral substitutes were prepared by a simple solution-blending method. The resulting structures were examined by micro-computer tomography, swelling studies, enzymatic degradations, compressions tests, MTT, LDH, and LIVE/DEAD assays. The derived findings revealed that genipin crosslinked fG/κC blends reinforced with GO have a homogenous morphology with ideal pore dimensions of 200-500 µm for bones alternative. GO additivation with a concentration above 1.25% increased the blends' fluid absorption. The full degradation of the blends occurs in 10 days and the gel fraction stability increases with GO concentration. The blend compression modules decrease at first until fG/κC GO3, which has the least elastic behavior, then by raising the GO concentration the blends start to regain elasticity. The MC3T3-E1 cell viability reveals less viable cells with the increase of GO concentration. The LDH together with the LIVE/DEAD assays reports a high concentration of live and healthy cells in all types of composite blends and very few dead cells at the higher GO content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Georgian Toader
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Mihail Vlasceanu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrada Serafim
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Banciu
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Ionita
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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Zheng X, Hou S, Amanze C, Zeng Z, Zeng W. Enhancing microbial fuel cell performance using anode modified with Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:877-890. [PMID: 35166901 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Low electricity generation efficiency is one of the key issues that must be addressed for the practical application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Modification of microbial electrode materials is an effective method to enhance electron transfer. In this study, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation were added to anode chambers in different doses to explore its effect on the performance of MFCs. The maximum power density of the MFCs doped with 4.5 g/L Fe3O4 (391.11 ± 9.4 mW/m2) was significantly increased compared to that of the undoped MFCs (255.15 ± 24.8 mW/m2). The COD removal efficiency of the MFCs increased from 85.8 ± 2.8% to 95.0 ± 2.1%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry tests revealed that the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles enhanced the biocatalytic activity of the anode. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that 4.5 g/L Fe3O4 modified anodes enriched the exoelectrogen Geobacter (31.5%), while control MFCs had less Geobacter (17.4%). Magnetite is widely distributed worldwide, which provides an inexpensive means to improve the electrochemical performance of MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zheng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Charles Amanze
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Zichao Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
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Feng C, Zhu D, Wang Y, Jin S. Electromechanical Behaviors of Graphene Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E528. [PMID: 31978995 PMCID: PMC7040776 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphene (including its derivatives)-reinforced polymer composites (GRPCs) have been drawing tremendous attention from academic and industrial communities for developing smart materials and structures. Such interest stems from the excellent combination of the mechanical and electrical properties of these composites while keeping the beneficial intrinsic attributes of the polymers, including flexibility, easy processability, low cost and good biological and chemical compatibility. The electromechanical performances of these GRPCs are of great importance for the design and optimization of engineering structures and components. Extensive work has been devoted to this topic. This paper reviews the recent studies on the electromechanical behaviors of GRPCs. First the methods and techniques to manufacture graphene and GRPCs are introduced, in which the pros and cons of each method are discussed. Then the experimental examination and theoretical modeling on the electromechanical behaviors of the nanocomposites are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Feng
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Zhejiang Scientific Research Institute of Transport, Hangzhou 311305, China;
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
| | - Sujing Jin
- Zhejiang Scientific Research Institute of Transport, Hangzhou 311305, China;
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Blinzler BJ, Larsson R, Gaska K, Kádár R. A Mechanics Based Surface Image Interpretation Method for Multifunctional Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1578. [PMID: 31703339 PMCID: PMC6915548 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanosheets and thicker graphite nanoplatelets are being used as reinforcement in polymeric materials to improve the material properties or induce new functional properties. By improving dispersion, de-agglomerating the particles, and ensuring the desired orientation of the nano-structures in the matrix, the microstructure can be tailored to obtain specific material properties. A novel surface image assisted modeling framework is proposed to understand functional properties of the graphene enhanced polymer. The effective thermal and mechanical responses are assessed based on computational homogenization. For the mechanical response, the 2-D nanoplatelets are modeled as internal interfaces that store energy for membrane actions. The effective thermal response is obtained similarly, where 2-D nanoplatelets are represented using regions of high conductivity. Using the homogenization simulation, macroscopic stiffness properties and thermal conductivity properties are modeled and then compared to the experimental data. The proposed surface image assisted modeling yields reasonable effective mechanical and thermal properties, where the Kapitza effect plays an important part in effective thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brina J. Blinzler
- Division of Material and Computational Mechanics, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Ragnar Larsson
- Division of Material and Computational Mechanics, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Karolina Gaska
- Division of Engineering Materials, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden or (K.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Roland Kádár
- Division of Engineering Materials, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden or (K.G.); (R.K.)
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Liu J, Lan L, Zhou J, Yang Y. Influence of cancellous bone microstructure on ultrasonic attenuation: a theoretical prediction. Biomed Eng Online 2019; 18:103. [PMID: 31653267 PMCID: PMC6815062 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative ultrasound has been used for the assessment of cancellous bone status. The attenuation mechanisms of cancellous bone, however, have not been well understood, because the microstructure of cancellous bone is significantly inhomogeneous and the interaction between ultrasound and the microstructure of cancellous bone is complex. In this study, a theoretical approach was applied to investigate the influence of the microstructure of cancellous bone on ultrasonic attenuation. Results The scattering from a trabecular cylinder was significantly angle dependent. The dependencies of the ultrasonic attenuation on frequency, scatterer size, and porosity were explored from the theoretical calculation. Prediction results showed that the ultrasonic attenuation increased with the increase of frequency and decreased linearly with the increase in porosity, and the broadband ultrasound attenuation decreased with the increase in porosity. All these predicted trends were consistent with published experimental data. In addition, our model successfully explained the principle of broadband ultrasound attenuation measurement (i.e., the attenuation over the frequency range 0.3–0.65 MHz was approximately linearly proportional to frequency) by considering the contributions of scattering and absorption to attenuation. Conclusion The proposed theoretical model may be a potentially valuable tool for understanding the interaction of ultrasound with cancellous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai Qu, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Lan
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai Qu, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunjun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai Qu, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Azoti W, Elmarakbi A. A Multiscale Approach for the Nonlinear Mechanical Response of 3‐Phases Fiber Reinforced Graphene Nanoplatelets Polymer Composite Materials. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiyao Azoti
- ICUBE LaboratoryCNRS UMR 7357University of Strasbourg 4 rue Boussingault 67000 Strasbourg France
- ECAM Strasbourg‐EuropeSchool of Engineering 2 rue de Madrid 67300 Schiltigheim France
| | - Ahmed Elmarakbi
- Automotive Composites GroupDepartment of Mechanical and Construction EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria University Newcastle NE1 8ST UK
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Ravindran AR, Feng C, Huang S, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Yang J. Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelet Size and Surface Area on the AC Electrical Conductivity and Dielectric Constant of Epoxy Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E477. [PMID: 30966511 PMCID: PMC6415418 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with various grades of multilayer graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are manufactured and tested. The effects of size, surface area, and concentration of GNP, as well as alternating current (AC) frequency on the electrical and dielectric properties of epoxy nanocomposites are experimentally investigated. GNPs with larger size and surface area are always beneficial to increase the electrical conductivity of the composites. However, their effects on the dielectric constant are highly dependent on GNP concentration and AC frequency. At lower GNP concentration, the dielectric constant increases proportionally with the increase in GNP size, while decreasing as the AC frequency increases. At higher GNP concentration in epoxy, the dielectric constant first increases with the increase of the GNP size, but decreases thereafter. This trend is also observed for varying the processed GNP surface area on the dielectric constant. Moreover, the variations of the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant with the GNP concentration and AC frequency are then correlated with the measured interfiller spacing and GNP diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Raj Ravindran
- Sir Lawrence Wackett Aerospace Research Centre, School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
| | - Chuang Feng
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Shu Huang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Zhan Zhao
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
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