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Cheng X, Zhang R, Qi X, Wang H, Gao T, Zheng L, Qiao M, Li Y, Gao S, Chen J, Chang R, Zheng G, Dong H. Metabolomics and network pharmacology exploration of the effects of bile acids on carotid atherosclerosis and potential underlying mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1430720. [PMID: 39076513 PMCID: PMC11284041 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1430720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bile acids (BAs), products of gut microbiota metabolism, have long been implicated in atherosclerotic disease pathogenesis. Characterizing the serum bile acid profile and exploring its potential role in carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) development are crucial tasks. Methods In this study, we recruited 73 patients with CAS as the disease group and 77 healthy individuals as the control group. We systematically measured the serum concentrations of 15 bile acids using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Multivariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were applied to analyze the impact of bile acids on the disease and select the key BAs. The possible molecular mechanism was elucidated by network pharmacology. Results (1) The BA profile of patients with CAS significantly differed. (2) Multifactorial logistic regression analysis identified elevated levels of GCDCA (OR: 1.01, P < 0.001), DCA (OR: 1.01, P = 0.005), and TDCA (OR: 1.05, P = 0.002) as independent risk factors for CAS development. Conversely, GCA (OR: 0.99, P = 0.020), LCA (OR: 0.83, P = 0.002), and GUDCA (OR: 0.99, P = 0.003) were associated with protective effects against the disease. GCA, DCA, LCA, and TDCA were identified as the four key BAs. (3) TNF, FXR, GPBAR1, ESR1 and ACE were predicted to be targets of BAs against AS. These four BAs potentially impact AS progression by triggering signaling pathways, including cAMP, PPAR, and PI3K-AKT pathways, via their targets. Conclusion This study offers valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis that target bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaotong Qi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Maolin Qiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinshan Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Runze Chang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Honglin Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Sha X, Dai Y, Chong L, Wei M, Xing M, Zhang C, Li J. Pro-efferocytic macrophage membrane biomimetic nanoparticles for the synergistic treatment of atherosclerosis via competition effect. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:506. [PMID: 36456996 PMCID: PMC9714205 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages participate in many links in the pathological process of atherosclerosis (AS) and the regulation of influence of macrophages at the molecular level might be a new avenue for AS treatment. For this aim, the macrophage membrane biomimetic nanoparticles, derived from macrophage membrane coated SHP1i-loaded liposome NPs (MM@Lips-SHP1i) was designed. Due to the reservation of intrinsic membrane proteins and function from macrophages, the biomimic nanoparticles could effectively evade clearance by the immune system, prolong blood circulation time and actively tend and aggregate to atherosclerotic plaques. More importantly, in the plaque area, MM@Lips-SHP1i nanoparticles could compete with macrophages in vivo to bind with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reduce uptake of new lipids by macrophages, reduce foam cell formation, and inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, small molecule inhibitor of SHP-1, the downstream effector molecule of CD47 loaded in macrophage membrane biomimetic nanoparticles could interrupt CD47-SIRPα signal transduction in monocytes and macrophages, thereby enhancing the efferocytosis of macrophages, inhibiting the progression of plaque, achieving synergistic treatment of atherosclerosis. This work focuses on the key process in the formation of AS, macrophage foaming and chronic inflammation, and is based on the fact that macrophage membrane biomimetic nanoparticles can preserve the key surface proteins of macrophages closely related to the formation of AS, providing a new avenue to inhibit the progression of AS by utilizing the biological characteristics of macrophage membrane in macrophage membrane biomimetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sha
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China
| | - Yue Dai
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006 China
| | - Lijuan Chong
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006 China
| | - Min Wei
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006 China
| | - Mengyuan Xing
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China
| | - Chun Zhang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006 China
| | - Jingjing Li
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006 China
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Liu H, Pietersz G, Peter K, Wang X. Nanobiotechnology approaches for cardiovascular diseases: site-specific targeting of drugs and nanoparticles for atherothrombosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:75. [PMID: 35135581 PMCID: PMC8822797 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis, the major contributors to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), represent the leading cause of death worldwide. Current pharmacological therapies have been associated with side effects or are insufficient at halting atherosclerotic progression effectively. Pioneering work harnessing the passive diffusion or endocytosis properties of nanoparticles and advanced biotechnologies in creating recombinant proteins for site-specific delivery have been utilized to overcome these limitations. Since CVDs are complex diseases, the most challenging aspect of developing site-specific therapies is the identification of an individual and unique antigenic epitope that is only expressed in lesions or diseased areas. This review focuses on the pathological mechanism of atherothrombosis and discusses the unique targets that are important during disease progression. We review recent advances in site-specific therapy using novel targeted drug-delivery and nanoparticle-carrier systems. Furthermore, we explore the limitations and future perspectives of site-specific therapy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikun Liu
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Pietersz
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Sahoo S, Ghosh P, Khan MEH, De P. Recent Progress in Macromolecular Design and Synthesis of Bile Acid‐Based Polymeric Architectures. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Sahoo
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Nadia West Bengal Mohanpur, 741246 India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Nadia West Bengal Mohanpur, 741246 India
| | - Md Ezaz Hasan Khan
- School of General Education College of the North Atlantic ‐ Qatar Arab League Street Doha 24449 Qatar
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Nadia West Bengal Mohanpur, 741246 India
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Chenodeoxycholic Acid Pharmacology in Biotechnology and Transplantable Pharmaceutical Applications for Tissue Delivery: An Acute Preclinical Study. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092437. [PMID: 34572086 PMCID: PMC8472107 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary bile acids (PBAs) are produced and released into human gut as a result of cholesterol catabolism in the liver. A predominant PBA is chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), which in a recent study in our laboratory, showed significant excipient-stabilizing effects on microcapsules carrying insulinoma β-cells, in vitro, resulting in improved cell functions and insulin release, in the hyperglycemic state. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the applications of CDCA in bio-encapsulation and transplantation of primary healthy viable islets, preclinically, in type 1 diabetes. METHODS Healthy islets were harvested from balb/c mice, encapsulated in CDCA microcapsules, and transplanted into the epididymal tissues of 6 syngeneic diabetic mice, post diabetes confirmation. Pre-transplantation, the microcapsules' morphology, size, CDCA-deep layer distribution, and physical features such as swelling ratio and mechanical strength were analyzed. Post-transplantation, animals' weight, bile acids', and proinflammatory biomarkers' concentrations were analyzed. The control group was diabetic mice that were transplanted encapsulated islets (without PBA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Islet encapsulation by PBA microcapsules did not compromise the microcapsules' morphology or features. Furthermore, the PBA-graft performed better in terms of glycemic control and resulted in modulation of the bile acid profile in the brain. This is suggestive that the improved glycemic control was mediated via brain-related effects. However, the improvement in graft insulin delivery and glycemic control was short-term.
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Mooranian A, Ionescu CM, Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Walker D, Jones M, Chester J, Foster T, Johnston E, Mikov M, Atlas MD, Al-Salami H. Probucol Pharmacological and Bio-Nanotechnological Effects on Surgically Transplanted Graft Due to Powerful Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Fibrotic and Potential Bile Acid Modulatory Actions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081304. [PMID: 34452266 PMCID: PMC8398853 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major obstacle in islet transplantation and graft survival pre and post transplantation is islet apoptosis due to mainly inflammatory bio molecules released during islet harvesting and post graft transplantation and hence, subsequent graft fibrosis and failure. This study aimed to investigate if incorporation of the anti-inflammatory anti-hyperlipidaemic drug probucol (PB) would improve islet-graft survival and function, post transplantation in Type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS T1D was induced in mice, and biological profiles of the diabetic mice transplanted PB-microencapsulated islets harvested from healthy syngeneic mice were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Compared with sham (no PB), the treated group showed significant reduction in serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, interleukin-17, and tumour necrosis factor-α, accompanied by a 3-fold increase in survival duration, which suggests PB islet-protective effects, post transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Daniel Walker
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Melissa Jones
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Jacqueline Chester
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Edan Johnston
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Marcus D. Atlas
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.M.); (C.M.I.); (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (M.J.); (J.C.); (T.F.); (E.J.)
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9266-9816; Fax: +61-8-9266-2769
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Pharmacological and Biological Study of Microencapsulated Probucol-Secondary Bile Acid in a Diseased Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081223. [PMID: 34452184 PMCID: PMC8400495 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Probucol (PB) is a highly lipophilic drug with potential protective effects on pancreatic β-cells from inflammation and oxidation. PB has poor bioavailability and solubility, and despite many attempts, significant improvement in antidiabetic effects or absorption has yet to be discovered. Recently, the role of bile acids has been established in significant drug formulation stabilisation effects and as cell-penetrating agents. Promising results in pharmaceutical formulation studies on drug stability and release patterns when lithocholic acid (LCA) is conjugated with PB and sodium alginate (SA) have been demonstrated. Thus, this study aimed to develop and characterise PB microcapsules incorporating LCA and examine the biological effects of the microcapsules in vitro and in vivo. PB/LCA microcapsules were prepared using an encapsulation method, ionic gelation vibrational jet flow technology. LCA incorporation in PB microcapsules showed positive effects on β-cells with improved insulin release, antioxidant activity, and PB intracellular uptake. Diabetic mice gavaged LCA-PB microcapsules showed a significant reduction in diabetes signs and symptoms, better survival rate, reduced blood glucose levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, with an increase PB level in blood and tissues suggesting a potential therapy for treating diabetes mellitus.
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Shao J, Pan T, Wang J, Tang T, Li Y, Jia X, Lai S. Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis of Perirenal Adipose Tissue in Obese Rabbits Treated with a Restricted Diet. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040321. [PMID: 33921318 PMCID: PMC8069198 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many people have shown an excess of fat accumulation. Known as obesity, this lesion poses an increased risk for multiple diseases, such as endocrine disease, diabetes, and cancer, and has reached epidemic proportions. Accompanied by the development of obesity, concern over body image and weight loss behavior is a growing social problem and public health threat, causing concern for many health professionals. However, the consequences of rapid weight loss remain largely unclear. Here, we applied an integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis to investigate the effects of dieting on the proteins and metabolites in obese rabbits. Our study revealed that 343 differentially expressed proteins (136 upregulated and 207 downregulated) and 150 differentially expressed metabolites (91 upregulated and 59 downregulated) were identified. These molecules are mainly involved in the biological processes, including amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and membrane and cytoskeleton reconstruction. The integrated analysis found that mevalonic acid, arachidonic acid, 15(S)-HpETE, cholecalciferol, hydrocortisone, lipoxin B4, lithocholic acid, etc. were associated with multiple pathways, and they may be the key factors to fight inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Overall, this study provides further insight into the consequences of dieting-mediated weight loss and may contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Ting Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Tao Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Xianbo Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Songjia Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.S.); (J.W.); (T.T.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Zang X, Cheng M, Zhang X, Chen X. Targeting macrophages using nanoparticles: a potential therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3284-3294. [PMID: 33881414 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02956d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of vascular diseases, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Macrophages play a critical role in the development and local inflammatory responses of atherosclerosis, contributing to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Considering their central roles, macrophages have gained considerable attention as a therapeutic target to attenuate atherosclerotic progression and stabilize existing plaques. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems further provide possibilities to selectively and effectively deliver therapeutic agents into intraplaque macrophages. Although challenges are numerous and clinical application is still distant, the design and development of macrophage-targeting nanoparticles will generate new knowledge and experiences to improve therapeutic outcomes and minimize toxicity. Hence, the review aims to discuss various strategies for macrophage modulation and the development and evaluation of macrophage targeting nanomedicines for anti-atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Zang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, P. R. China.
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Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Walker D, Ionescu CM, Jones M, Stojanovic G, Kojic S, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Pharmacological and Advanced Cell Respiration Effects, Enhanced by Toxic Human-Bile Nano-Pharmaceuticals of Probucol Cell-Targeting Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080708. [PMID: 32751051 PMCID: PMC7463437 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids have recently been studied for potential applications as formulation excipients and enhancers for drug release; however, some bile acids are not suitable for this application. Unconjugated lithocholic acid (ULCA) has recently shown drug formulation-stabilizing and anti-inflammatory effects. Lipophilic drugs have poor gut absorption after an oral dose, which necessitates the administration of high doses and causes subsequent side effects. Probucol (PB) is a highly lipophilic drug with poor oral absorption that resulted in restrictions on its clinical prescribing. Hence, this study aimed to design new delivery systems for PB using ULCA-based matrices and to test drug formulation, release, temperature, and biological effects. ULCA-based matrices were formulated for PB oral delivery by applying the jet-flow microencapsulation technique using sodium alginate as a polymer. ULCA addition to new PB matrices improved the microcapsule’s stability, drug release in vitro (formulation study), and showed a promising effect in ex vivo study (p < 0.05), suggesting that ULCA can optimize the oral delivery of PB and support its potential application in diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susbin Raj Wagle
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia; (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (C.M.I.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia; (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (C.M.I.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniel Walker
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia; (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (C.M.I.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia; (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (C.M.I.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Melissa Jones
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia; (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (C.M.I.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Goran Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (G.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Sanja Kojic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (G.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia; (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (C.M.I.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6102, Australia; (S.R.W.); (B.K.); (D.W.); (C.M.I.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9266-9816; Fax: +61-8-9266-2769
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