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Dallaev R, Pisarenko T, Papež N, Sadovský P, Holcman V. A Brief Overview on Epoxies in Electronics: Properties, Applications, and Modifications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3964. [PMID: 37836013 PMCID: PMC10574936 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper offers a short overview of epoxy resins, encompassing their diverse characteristics, variants, chemical modifications, curing processes, and intriguing electrical properties. Epoxies, valued for their multifunctional attributes, serve as fundamental materials across industries. In the realm of dielectric strength, epoxy resins play a crucial role in electrical insulation. This paper discusses the mechanisms governing dielectric breakdown, strategies to enhance dielectric strength, and the impact of various fillers and additives on insulation performance. Through an exploration of recent research and advancements, this paper delves into the spectrum of epoxy properties, the array of subspecies and variants, their chemical adaptability, and the intricacies of curing. The examination of electrical resistance and conductivity, with a focus on their frequency-dependent behavior, forms a pivotal aspect of the discussion. By shedding light on these dimensions, this review provides a concise yet holistic understanding of epoxies and their role in shaping modern materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Dallaev
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2848/8, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.P.); (N.P.); (V.H.)
| | | | | | - Petr Sadovský
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2848/8, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.P.); (N.P.); (V.H.)
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Du B, Xue D, Luo R, Yang K, Li H, Zhou S. Preparation and properties of
CNTs
loaded bisphenol F epoxy nanocomposites modified by noncovalent dispersant and nonionic surfactant. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Daodao Xue
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Rubai Luo
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Kenan Yang
- Faculty of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Huailin Li
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
| | - Shisheng Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
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Arodola OA, Kanchi S, Hloma P, Bisetty K, Asiri AM, Inamuddin. An in-silico layer-by-layer adsorption study of the interaction between Rebaudioside A and the T1R2 human sweet taste receptor: modelling and biosensing perspectives. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18391. [PMID: 33110140 PMCID: PMC7591876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The human sweet taste receptor (T1R2) monomer-a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family that detects a wide variety of chemically and structurally diverse sweet tasting molecules, is known to pose a significant threat to human health. Protein that lack crystal structure is a challenge in structure-based protein design. This study focused on the interaction of the T1R2 monomer with rebaudioside A (Reb-A), a steviol glycoside with potential use as a natural sweetener using in-silico and biosensing methods. Herein, homology modelling, docking studies, and molecular dynamics simulations were applied to elucidate the interaction between Reb-A and the T1R2 monomer. In addition, the electrochemical sensing of the immobilised T1R2-Reb-A complex with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and graphene oxide (GO) were assessed by testing the performance of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as an adsorbent experimentally. Results indicate a strong interaction between Reb-A and the T1R2 receptor, revealing the stabilizing interaction of the amino acids with the Reb-A by hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the glucose moieties, along with a significant amount of hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the presence of the MWCNT as an anchor confirms the adsorption strength of the T1R2-Reb-A complex onto the GO nanocomposite and supported with electrochemical measurements. Overall, this study could serve as a cornerstone in the development of electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of Reb-A, with applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayide A Arodola
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Suvardhan Kanchi
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Phathisanani Hloma
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Krishna Bisetty
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Inamuddin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
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Epoxy Nanocomposites Reinforced with Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081816. [PMID: 32823547 PMCID: PMC7463723 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, amino functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by chemical modification of the surface of a MWCNTs using γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and dispersed into the epoxy composition. The modifying agent (APTES) was directly deposited on the MWCNTs surfaces. For the functionalization of MWCNTs, was used not the APTES concentrate, as it had been described in previous works, but its freshly prepared aqueous solution. Properties of APTES-treated MWCNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and FT-IR. The results showed that the functionalization and chemical compatibility of APTES-treated MWCNTs with epoxy composition provides their best dispersion in the epoxy composition, had important influence on curing behavior, structure and physicochemical properties of the epoxy composites plasticized with trichloroethyl phosphate. The results showed that the functionalization and chemical compatibility of APTES-treated MWCNTs with epoxy composition provides increased of physicomechanical properties of epoxy composites: bending stress increases by 194% and bending modulus increases by 137%, the tensile strength increases by 108% and the tensile elastic modulus increases by 52%, impact strength increases by 300%, in comparison with plasticized epoxy composite that does not contain MWCNTs.
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Choi GB, Hong S, Wee JH, Kim DW, Seo TH, Nomura K, Nishihara H, Kim YA. Quantifying Carbon Edge Sites on Depressing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5885-5892. [PMID: 32584587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effect of microstructural characteristics of carbon materials on their electrochemical or electrocatalytic performance, an in-depth study of the edges in carbon materials should be carried out. In this study, catalytically grown platelet-type carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with fully exposed edges were physically and chemically passivated to clarify the relationship between the edge density and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. Due to the aligned structure along the fiber axis, the edges on the outer surface of the CNFs were easily modified without using a complex process. The edges on the surface of the CNFs were inactivated by sequentially forming single, double, and multiple loops as the heat treatment temperatures increased. The number of edges within the CNFs was quantitatively measured using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) up to 1800 °C. The surviving edges on the surface of thermally treated CNFs were identified by chemical functionalization via an amination reaction. We identified a close relationship between the HER activity and the edge density. When evaluating the electrochemical and electrocatalytic activity of carbon materials, it is important to know the portion of the edge surface area with respect to the total surface area and edge ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Bong Choi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, School of Polymer Science and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungki Hong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, School of Polymer Science and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Wee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, School of Polymer Science and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Won Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Seo
- Smart Energy & Nano Photonic R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea
| | - Keita Nomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8677, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8677, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, School of Polymer Science and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Interfacial Characteristics of Boron Nitride Nanosheet/Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9142832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interface between nanofillers and matrix plays a key role in determining the properties of nanocomposites, but the interfacial characteristics of nanocomposites such as molecular structure and interaction strength are not fully understood yet. In this work, the interfacial features of a typical nanocomposite, namely epoxy resin (EP) filled with boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) are investigated by utilizing molecular dynamics simulation, and the effect of surface functionalization is analyzed. The radial distribution density (RDD) and interfacial binding energy (IBE) are used to explore the structure and bonding strength of nanocomposites interface. Besides, the interface compatibility and molecular chain mobility (MCM) of BNNS/EP nanocomposites are analyzed by cohesive energy density (CED), free volume fraction (FFV), and radial mean square displacement (RMSD). The results indicate that the interface region of BNNS/EP is composed of three regions including compact region, buffer region, and normal region. The structure at the interfacial region of nanocomposite is more compact, and the chain mobility is significantly lower than that of the EP away from the interface. Moreover, the interfacial interaction strength and compatibility increase with the functional density of BNNS functionalized by CH3–(CH2)4–O– radicals. These results adequately illustrate interfacial characteristics of nanocomposites from atomic level.
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