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Singla A, Marwaha A, Marwaha S. Multi-criterion optimization of invasive antenna applicators for Au@Fe 3O4, Au@-Fe 2O 3 and Au@-Fe 2O 3 mediated microwave ablation treatment. Electromagn Biol Med 2023; 42:21-40. [PMID: 36857381 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2023.2184381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) mediated microwave ablation has the great potential at present to address challenges associated with treatment planning such as maximum heat generation in the vicinity of targeted tissues in lesser penetration time. Further, the antenna applicators injected in human phantom must be rigid and thin. The derivative-free optimization algorithms are carried out for optimum design of monopole, slot, dipole, and tapered slot antenna applicators for ablation of tumour tissues invasively. It is found that in terms of input impedance matching, the used multi-criterion Nelder-Mead optimization performs efficiently for tapered slot applicator achieving S11 value of -40 dB with much reduced antenna dimensions. In order to further escalate the performance of tapered slot antenna, gold (Au)-coated iron-based MNPs are suggested for tumor infusion. Spherical gold-coated shell material is preferrable for more sphericity of ablation zone, biocompatibility and due to high conductivity, heat generated in MNPs can be transferred to biological tissues more rapidly. The size, type, and shape of MNPs also influence the heat generation in tumor tissues. Thus, three different types of MNPs having high magnetization properties, Au@Fe3O4, Au@α-Fe2O3 and Au@γ-Fe2O3 have been employed to study the performance in terms of maximum rise in temperature, specific absorption rate (SAR), and area of ablation zone by varying core size radius of MNPs. Results demonstrate that increase in radius of MNP core helps in increasing the temperature distribution and reduction in ablation zone. The optimized lesion is achieved for 20 nm core radius of Au@Fe3O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Singla
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, SLIET Longowal, Sangrur, India
| | - Anupma Marwaha
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, SLIET Longowal, Sangrur, India
| | - Sanjay Marwaha
- Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department, SLIET Longowal, Sangrur, India
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Cheong JK, Ooi EH, Chiew YS, Menichetti L, Armanetti P, Franchini MC, Alchera E, Locatelli I, Canu T, Maturi M, Popov V, Alfano M. Gold nanorods assisted photothermal therapy of bladder cancer in mice: A computational study on the effects of gold nanorods distribution at the centre, periphery, and surface of bladder cancer. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 230:107363. [PMID: 36720181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Gold nanorod-assisted photothermal therapy (GNR-PTT) is a cancer treatment whereby GNRs incorporated into the tumour act as photo-absorbers to elevate the thermal destruction effect. In the case of bladder, there are few possible routes to target the tumour with GNRs, namely peri/intra-tumoural injection and intravesical instillation of GNRs. These two approaches lead to different GNR distribution inside the tumour and can affect the treatment outcome. METHODOLOGY The present study investigates the effects of heterogeneous GNR distribution in a typical setup of GNR-PTT. Three cases were considered. Case 1 considered the GNRs at the tumour centre, while Case 2 represents a hypothetical scenario where GNRs are distributed at the tumour periphery; these two cases represent intratumoural accumulation with different degree of GNR spread inside the tumour. Case 3 is achieved when GNRs target the exposed tumoural surface that is invading the bladder wall, when they are delivered by intravesical instillation. RESULTS Results indicate that for a laser power of 0.6 W and GNR volume fraction of 0.01%, Case 2 and 3 were successful in achieving complete tumour eradication after 330 and 470 s of laser irradiation, respectively. Case 1 failed to form complete tumour damage when the GNRs are concentrated at the tumour centre but managed to produce complete tumour damage if the spread of GNRs is wider. Results from Case 2 also demonstrated a different heating profile from Case 1, suggesting that thermal ablation during GNR-PTT is dependant on the GNRs distribution inside the tumour. Case 3 shows similar results to Case 2 whereby gradual but uniform heating is observed. Cases 2 and 3 show that uniformly heating the tumour can reduce damage to the surrounding tissues. CONCLUSIONS Different GNR distribution associated with the different methods of introducing GNRs to the bladder during GNR-PTT affect the treatment outcome of bladder cancer in mice. Insufficient spreading during intratumoural injection of GNRs can render the treatment ineffective, while administered via intravesical instillation. GNR distribution achieved through intravesical instillation present some advantages over intratumoural injection and is worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kk Cheong
- Ascend Technologies Ltd, Wessex House, Upper Market Street, Eastleigh, SO50 9FD, United Kingdom; Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ean H Ooi
- Ascend Technologies Ltd, Wessex House, Upper Market Street, Eastleigh, SO50 9FD, United Kingdom; Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia.
| | - Yeong S Chiew
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Luca Menichetti
- CNR - Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Sede principale, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Armanetti
- CNR - Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Sede principale, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Comes Franchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Alchera
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Locatelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tamara Canu
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Maturi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Viktor Popov
- Ascend Technologies Ltd, Wessex House, Upper Market Street, Eastleigh, SO50 9FD, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Mehmood S, Uddin MA, Yu H, Wang L, Amin BU, Haq F, Fahad S, Haroon M. Study on fully cross-linked poly(cyclotriphosphazene- co-epigallocatechin) nanospheres and their application as drug delivery carriers. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2023.2175825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahid Mehmood
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Md Alim Uddin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bilal Ul Amin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fazal Haq
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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In Silico, Combined Plasmonic Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy in Mice. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt3010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic photothermal and photodynamic therapy (PPTT and PDT, respectively) are two cancer treatments that have the potential to be combined in a synergistic scheme. The aim of this study is to optimize the PPTT treatment part, in order to account for the PDT lack of coverage in the hypoxic tumor volume and in cancer areas laying in deep sites. For the needs of this study, a mouse was modeled, subjected to PDT and its necrotic area was estimated by using the MATLAB software. The same procedure was repeated for PPTT, using COMSOL Multiphysics. PPTT treatment parameters, namely laser power and irradiation time, were optimized in order to achieve the optimum therapeutic effect of the combined scheme. The PDT alone resulted in 54.8% tumor necrosis, covering the upper cancer layers. When the PPTT was also applied, the total necrosis percentage raised up to 99.3%, while all of the surrounding studied organs (skin, heart, lungs and trachea, ribs, liver and spleen) were spared. The optimized values of the PPTT parameters were 550 mW of laser power and 70 s of irradiation time. Hence, the PPTT–PDT combination shows great potential in achieving high levels of tumor necrosis while sparing the healthy tissues.
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Numerical Simulation of Enhancement of Superficial Tumor Laser Hyperthermia with Silicon Nanoparticles. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8120580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable and low-toxic silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have potential in different biomedical applications. Previous experimental studies revealed the efficiency of some types of SiNPs in tumor hyperthermia. To analyse the feasibility of employing SiNPs produced by the laser ablation of silicon nanowire arrays in water and ethanol as agents for laser tumor hyperthermia, we numerically simulated effects of heating a millimeter-size nodal basal-cell carcinoma with embedded nanoparticles by continuous-wave laser radiation at 633 nm. Based on scanning electron microscopy data for the synthesized SiNPs size distributions, we used Mie theory to calculate their optical properties and carried out Monte Carlo simulations of light absorption inside the tumor, with and without the embedded nanoparticles, followed by an evaluation of local temperature increase based on the bioheat transfer equation. Given the same mass concentration, SiNPs obtained by the laser ablation of silicon nanowires in ethanol (eSiNPs) are characterized by smaller absorption and scattering coefficients compared to those synthesized in water (wSiNPs). In contrast, wSiNPs embedded in the tumor provide a lower overall temperature increase than eSiNPs due to the effect of shielding the laser irradiation by the highly absorbing wSiNPs-containing region at the top of the tumor. Effective tumor hyperthermia (temperature increase above 42 °C) can be performed with eSiNPs at nanoparticle mass concentrations of 3 mg/mL and higher, provided that the neighboring healthy tissues remain underheated at the applied irradiation power. The use of a laser beam with the diameter fitting the size of the tumor allows to obtain a higher temperature contrast between the tumor and surrounding normal tissues compared to the case when the beam diameter exceeds the tumor size at the comparable power.
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Cheong JK, Popov V, Alchera E, Locatelli I, Alfano M, Menichetti L, Armanetti P, Maturi M, Franchini MC, Ooi EH, Chiew YS. A numerical study to investigate the effects of tumour position on the treatment of bladder cancer in mice using gold nanorods assisted photothermal ablation. Comput Biol Med 2021; 138:104881. [PMID: 34583149 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods assisted photothermal therapy (GNR-PTT) is a new cancer treatment technique that has shown promising potential for bladder cancer treatment. The position of the bladder cancer at different locations along the bladder wall lining can potentially affect the treatment efficacy since laser is irradiated externally from the skin surface. The present study investigates the efficacy of GNR-PTT in the treatment of bladder cancer in mice for tumours growing at three different locations on the bladder, i.e., Case 1: closest to skin surface, Case 2: at the bottom half of the bladder, and Case 3: at the side of the bladder. Investigations were carried out numerically using an experimentally validated framework for optical-thermal simulations. An in-silico approach was adopted due to the flexibility in placing the tumour at a desired location along the bladder lining. Results indicate that for the treatment parameters considered (laser power 0.3 W, GNR volume fraction 0.01% v/v), only Case 1 can be used for an effective GNR-PTT. No damage to the tumour was observed in Cases 2 and 3. Analysis of the thermo-physiological responses showed that the effectiveness of GNR-PTT in treating bladder cancer depends not only on the depth of the tumour from the skin surface, but also on the type of tissue that the laser must pass through before reaching the tumour. In addition, the results are reliant on GNRs with a diameter of 10 nm and an aspect ratio of 3.8 - tuned to exhibit peak absorption for the chosen laser wavelength. Results from the present study can be used to highlight the potential for using GNR-PTT for treatment of human bladder cancer. It appears that Cases 2 and 3 suggest that GNR-PTT, where the laser passes through the skin to reach the bladder, may be unfeasible in humans. While this study shows the feasibility of using GNRs for photothermal ablation of bladder cancer, it also identifies the current limitations needed to be overcome for an effective clinical application in the bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kk Cheong
- Ascend Technologies Ltd, Southampton Science Park, 2 Venture Road, SO16 7NP, Southampton, United Kingdom; School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Viktor Popov
- Ascend Technologies Ltd, Southampton Science Park, 2 Venture Road, SO16 7NP, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Elisa Alchera
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Locatelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Sede Principale, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Armanetti
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Sede Principale, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mirko Maturi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Comes Franchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ean H Ooi
- Ascend Technologies Ltd, Southampton Science Park, 2 Venture Road, SO16 7NP, Southampton, United Kingdom; School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yeong S Chiew
- School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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Immune Responses to Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051241. [PMID: 34066755 PMCID: PMC8150963 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Beisenova A, Issatayeva A, Ashikbayeva Z, Jelbuldina M, Aitkulov A, Inglezakis V, Blanc W, Saccomandi P, Molardi C, Tosi D. Distributed Sensing Network Enabled by High-Scattering MgO-Doped Optical Fibers for 3D Temperature Monitoring of Thermal Ablation in Liver Phantom. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:828. [PMID: 33513666 PMCID: PMC7865229 DOI: 10.3390/s21030828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thermal ablation is achieved by delivering heat directly to tissue through a minimally invasive applicator. The therapy requires a temperature control between 50-100 °C since the mortality of the tumor is directly connected with the thermal dosimetry. Existing temperature monitoring techniques have limitations such as single-point monitoring, require costly equipment, and expose patients to X-ray radiation. Therefore, it is important to explore an alternative sensing solution, which can accurately monitor temperature over the whole ablated region. The work aims to propose a distributed fiber optic sensor as a potential candidate for this application due to the small size, high resolution, bio-compatibility, and temperature sensitivity of the optical fibers. The working principle is based on spatial multiplexing of optical fibers to achieve 3D temperature monitoring. The multiplexing is achieved by high-scattering, nanoparticle-doped fibers as sensing fibers, which are spatially separated by lower-scattering level of single-mode fibers. The setup, consisting of twelve sensing fibers, monitors tissue of 16 mm × 16 mm × 25 mm in size exposed to a gold nanoparticle-mediated microwave ablation. The results provide real-time 3D thermal maps of the whole ablated region with a high resolution. The setup allows for identification of the asymmetry in the temperature distribution over the tissue and adjustment of the applicator to follow the allowed temperature limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidana Beisenova
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Aizhan Issatayeva
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Zhannat Ashikbayeva
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory of Astana, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Madina Jelbuldina
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Arman Aitkulov
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Vassilis Inglezakis
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK;
| | - Wilfried Blanc
- Université Côte d’Azur, INPHYNI, CNRS UMR 7010, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France;
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Politechnico di Milano, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Giuseppe La Masa, 20156 Milano, Italy;
| | - Carlo Molardi
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniele Tosi
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.J.); (A.A.); (C.M.); (D.T.)
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory of Astana, Kabanbay batyr, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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Moradi S, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Ghassemi F, Sheibani S, Asadi Amoli F. Increasing the efficiency of the retinoblastoma brachytherapy protocol with ultrasonic hyperthermia and gold nanoparticles: a rabbit model. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1614-1627. [PMID: 33074061 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1838657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study purposed to evaluate the efficacy of brachytherapy with the modality of ultrasonic hyperthermia in the presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on an ocular retinoblastoma tumor in an animal model of the rabbit. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retinoblastoma tumor was induced by the injection of the human cell line of Y79 in rabbit eyes (n = 41). After two weeks, tumor size reached a diameter of about 5-7 mm. Seven groups were involved: control, GNPs injection, hyperthermia, hyperthermia with GNPs injection, brachytherapy with I-125, a combination of hyperthermia and brachytherapy, and a combination of brachytherapy, hyperthermia and, GNPs. The tumor area was measured using B-mode ultrasound images on the zero-day and at the end of the third week. The groups were evaluated for a histopathological study of tumor necrosis. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the relative area changes of tumor in the combination group with the other study groups (p < .05). The results of histopathologic studies confirmed the necrosis of living retinoblastoma cells. CONCLUSION Combination therapy of brachytherapy and hyperthermia with GNPs reduces the relative size of the tumor. This method increases the necrosis percentage of retinoblastoma and significantly reduces the retinoblastoma mass in the rabbit eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Moradi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Physics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Physics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghassemi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Sheibani
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Asadi Amoli
- Department of Pathology, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kareliotis G, Tremi I, Kaitatzi M, Drakaki E, Serafetinides AA, Makropoulou M, Georgakilas AG. Combined radiation strategies for novel and enhanced cancer treatment. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1087-1103. [PMID: 32602416 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1787544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies focus on cancer therapy worldwide, and although many advances have been recorded, the complexity of the disease dictates thinking out of the box to confront it. This study reviews some of the currently available ionizing (IR) and non-ionizing radiation (NIR)-based treatment methods and explores their possible combinations that lead to synergistic, multimodal approaches with promising therapeutic outcomes. Traditional techniques, like radiotherapy (RT) show decent results, although they cannot spare 100% the healthy tissues neighboring with the cancer ones. Targeted therapies, such as proton and photodynamic therapy (PT and PDT, respectively) present adequate outcomes, even though each one has its own drawbacks. To overcome these limitations, the combination of therapeutic modalities has been proposed and has already been showing promising results. At the same time, the recent advances in nanotechnology in the form of nanoparticles enhance cancer therapy, making multimodal treatments worthy of exploring and studying. The combination of RT and PDT has reached the level of clinical trials and is showing promising results. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies of nanoparticles with PDT have also provided beneficial results concerning enhanced radiation treatments. In any case, novel and multimodal approaches have to be adopted to achieve personalized, enhanced and effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kareliotis
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tremi
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Myrsini Kaitatzi
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Drakaki
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros A Serafetinides
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Mersini Makropoulou
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
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Ooi EH, Popov V, Alfano M, Cheong JKK. Influence of natural convection on gold nanorods-assisted photothermal treatment of bladder cancer in mice. Int J Hyperthermia 2020; 37:634-650. [PMID: 32538190 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1771437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The thermally-induced urine flow can generate cooling that may alter the treatment outcome during hyperthermic treatments of bladder cancer. This paper investigates the effects of natural convection inside the bladder and at skin surface during gold nanorods (GNR) - assisted photothermal therapy (PTT) of bladder cancer in mice. Methods: 3D models of mouse bladder at orientations corresponding to the mouse positioned on its back, its side and its abdomen were examined. Numerical simulations were carried out for GNR volume fractions of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01% and laser power of 0.2 and 0.3 W. Results: The obtained results showed that cooling due to natural convection inside the bladder and above the skin depends on the mouse orientation. For a mouse positioned on its back, on its side or on its abdomen, the maximum temperature achieved inside the tumour at 0.001% GNR volume fraction and 0.2 W laser power was 55.2°C, 50.0°C and 52.2°C, respectively compared to 56.8°C when natural convection was not considered. The average thermal gradients when natural convection was considered were also lower, suggesting a more homogenous temperature distribution. Conclusions: Natural convection inside the bladder can be beneficial but also detrimental to GNR-assisted PTT depending on the level of heating. At low levels of heating due to low GNR volume fraction and/or laser power, flow inside the bladder may dissipate heat from the targeted tissue; making the treatment ineffective. At high levels of heating due to high GNR volume fraction and/or laser power, cooling may prevent excessive thermal damage to surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ean H Ooi
- Ascend Technologies Ltd., Southampton, UK.,School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Jason K K Cheong
- Ascend Technologies Ltd., Southampton, UK.,School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Ahmad T, Sarwar R, Iqbal A, Bashir U, Farooq U, Halim SA, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Recent advances in combinatorial cancer therapy via multifunctionalized gold nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1221-1237. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse behavior of nanogold in the therapeutic field is related to its unique size and shape. Nanogold offers improvements in modern diagnostic and therapeutic implications, increases disease specificity and targeted drug delivery, and is relatively economical compared with other chemotherapeutic protocols. The diagnosis of cancer and photothermal therapy improve drastically with the implementation of nanotechnology. Different types of nanoparticles, that is, gold silica nanoshells, nanorods and nanospheres of diverse shapes and geometries, are used widely in the photothermal therapy of cancerous cells and nodules. Numerous reviews have been published on the therapeutic applications of gold nanoparticles, but studies on combinatorial applications of nanogold in cancer therapy are limited. This review focuses on the combinatorial cancer therapy using optical properties of nanogold with different shapes and geometries, and their therapeutic applications in cancer diagnosis, photothermal therapy, cancer imaging and targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touqeer Ahmad
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rizwana Sarwar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Iqbal
- Division of Pharmacy Practice & Policy, School of pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Uzma Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Sultanate of Oman
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Emerging Prospects for Nanoparticle-Enabled Cancer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9624532. [PMID: 32377541 PMCID: PMC7199570 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9624532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the standards for cancer treatment is cancer immunotherapy which treats both primary and metastasized tumors. Although cancer immunotherapeutics show better outcomes as compared with conventional approaches of cancer treatment, the currently used cancer immunotherapeutics have limited application in delivering cancer antigens to immune cells. Conversely, in solid tumors, tumor microenvironment suppresses the immune system leading to the evasion of anticancer immunity. Some promising attempts have been made to overcome these drawbacks by using different approaches, for instance, the use of biomaterial-based nanoparticles. Accordingly, various studies involving the application of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy have been discussed in this review article. This review not only describes the modes of cancer immunotherapy to reveal the importance of nanoparticles in this modality but also narrates nanoparticle-mediated delivery of cancer antigens and therapeutic supplements. Moreover, the impact of nanoparticles on the immunosuppressive behavior of tumor environment has been discussed. The last part of this review deals with cancer immunotherapy using a combination of traditional interventional oncology approach and image-guided local immunotherapy against cancer. According to recent studies, cancer therapy can potentially be improved through nanoparticle-based immunotherapy. In addition, drawbacks associated with the currently used cancer immunotherapeutics can be fixed by using nanoparticles.
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