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Li H, Lu Y, Zhou S, Jing T, Wang J, Ma C, Seo MK, Yu L. Packaged WGM MBR sensor for high-performance temperature measurement using CNN-based multimode barcode images. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:5515-5528. [PMID: 38439276 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical microresonator sensors are emerging as a promising platform for precise temperature measurements, driven by their excellent sensitivity, resolution and integration. Nevertheless, challenges endure regarding stability, single resonant mode tracking, and real-time monitoring. Here, we demonstrate a temperature measurement approach based on convolutional neural network (CNN), leveraging the recognition of multimode barcode images acquired from a WGM microbottle resonator (MBR) sensor with robust packaged microresonator-taper coupling structure (packaged-MTCS). Our work ensures not only a high sensitivity of -14.28 pm/℃ and remarkable resolution of 3.5 × 10-4 ℃ across a broad dynamic range of 96 ℃ but also fulfills the demands for real-time temperature measurement with an average detection accuracy of 96.85% and a speed of 0.68s per image. These results highlight the potential of high-performance WGM MBR sensors in various fields and lay the groundwork for stable soliton microcomb excitation through thermal tuning.
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Yan J, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Huang Q, Zhan Y, Jiang Z, Zhong Z. Competitive Growth of Ge Quantum Dots on a Si Micropillar with Pits for a Precisely Site-Controlled QDs/Microdisk System. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2323. [PMID: 37630907 PMCID: PMC10458077 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs)/microdisks promise a unique system for comprehensive studies on cavity quantum electrodynamics and great potential for on-chip integrated light sources. Here, we report on a strategy for precisely site-controlled Ge QDs in SiGe microdisks via self-assembly growth of QDs on a micropillar with deterministic pits and subsequent etching. The competitive growth of QDs in pits and at the periphery of the micropillar is disclosed. By adjusting the growth temperature and Ge deposition, as well as the pit profiles, QDs can exclusively grow in pits that are exactly located at the field antinodes of the corresponding cavity mode of the microdisk. The inherent mechanism of the mandatory addressability of QDs is revealed in terms of growth kinetics based on the non-uniform surface chemical potential around the top of the micropillar with pits. Our results demonstrate a promising approach to scalable and deterministic QDs/microdisks with strong light-matter interaction desired for fundamental research and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zuimin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhenyang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Tarasov AP, Muslimov AE, Kanevsky VM. Excitonic Mechanisms of Stimulated Emission in Low-Threshold ZnO Microrod Lasers with Whispering Gallery Modes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8723. [PMID: 36556534 PMCID: PMC9786118 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) ZnO microlasers gain attention due to their high Q-factors and ability to provide low-threshold near-UV lasing. However, a detailed understanding of the optical gain mechanisms in such structures has not yet been achieved. In this work, we study the mechanisms of stimulated emission (SE) in hexagonal ZnO microrods, demonstrating high-performance WGM lasing with thresholds down to 10-20 kW/cm2 and Q-factors up to ~3500. The observed SE with a maximum in the range of 3.11-3.17 eV at room temperature exhibits a characteristic redshift upon increasing photoexcitation intensity, which is often attributed to direct recombination in the inverted electron-hole plasma (EHP). We show that the main contribution to room-temperature SE in the microrods studied, at least for near-threshold excitation intensities, is made by inelastic exciton-electron scattering rather than EHP. The shape and perfection of crystals play an important role in the excitation of this emission. At lower temperatures, two competing gain mechanisms take place: exciton-electron scattering and two-phonon assisted exciton recombination. The latter forms emission with a maximum in the region near ~3.17 eV at room temperature without a significant spectral shift, which was observed only from weakly faceted ZnO microcrystals in this study.
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Liu F, Tong J, Xu Z, Ge K, Ruan J, Cui L, Zhai T. Electrically Tunable Polymer Whispering-Gallery-Mode Laser. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144812. [PMID: 35888278 PMCID: PMC9317815 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microlasers hold great promise for the development of photonics and optoelectronics. At present, tunable microcavity lasers, especially regarding in situ dynamic tuning, are still the focus of research. In this study, we combined a 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) piezoelectric crystal with a Poly [9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl] (PFO) microring cavity to realize a high-quality, electrically tunable, whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) laser. The dependence of the laser properties on the diameter of the microrings, including the laser spectrum and quality (Q) value, was investigated. It was found that with an increase in microring diameter, the laser emission redshifted, and the Q value increased. In addition, the device effectively achieved a blueshift under an applied electric field, and the wavelength tuning range was 0.71 nm. This work provides a method for in situ dynamic spectral modulation of microcavity lasers, and is expected to provide inspiration for the application of integrated photonics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.L.); (Z.X.); (K.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Junhua Tong
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Zhiyang Xu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.L.); (Z.X.); (K.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Kun Ge
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.L.); (Z.X.); (K.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Jun Ruan
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.L.); (Z.X.); (K.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Libin Cui
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.L.); (Z.X.); (K.G.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (F.L.); (Z.X.); (K.G.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (T.Z.)
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Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040592. [PMID: 35457896 PMCID: PMC9026417 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microbubble resonators are ideal optical sensors due to their high quality factor, small mode volume, high optical energy density, and geometry/design/structure (i.e., hollow microfluidic channels). When used in combination with microfluidic technologies, WGM microbubble resonators can be applied in chemical and biological sensing due to strong light–matter interactions. The detection of ultra-low concentrations over a large dynamic range is possible due to their high sensitivity, which has significance for environmental monitoring and applications in life-science. Furthermore, WGM microbubble resonators have also been widely used for physical sensing, such as to detect changes in temperature, stress, pressure, flow rate, magnetic field and ultrasound. In this article, we systematically review and summarize the sensing mechanisms, fabrication and packing methods, and various applications of optofluidic WGM microbubble resonators. The challenges of rapid production and practical applications of WGM microbubble resonators are also discussed.
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Su D, Zhai T, Ge K, Zhang S, Xu Z, Tong J, Li H, Sun S, Zhang Y, Wang X. WGM lasing in irregular cavities with arbitrary boundaries. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18349-18355. [PMID: 34729576 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of its limited light field mode and high Q value, the whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) cavity has been widely studied. In this study, we propose a simple, rapid, low-cost and no-manufacturing technology method that we call the drip-coating method to obtain an irregular cavity with arbitrary boundaries. By using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution doped with rhodamine 6G, the irregular cavity with arbitrary boundaries was drip-coated on a high-reflection mirror, forming a WGM laser. The sample was pumped with a 532 nm pulsed laser, and the single-mode WGM and multi-WGM lasing were obtained. All WGMs are the vertical oscillation modes, which originate from both the total internal reflection of the PVA/air interface and vertical reflection of the PVA/mirror interface. The other boundaries of the cavity were not involved in the reflection and could have any shape. The mechanism of producing single-mode lasing is due to the action of the loss-gain cavity. Multi-WGM lasing is attributed to at least two groups of different WGMs existing in an irregular cavity. This can be confirmed by using a microsphere model and intensity correlation method. These results may provide an alternative for the design of WGM lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Kun Ge
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Zhiyang Xu
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Junhua Tong
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Hongzhao Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shiju Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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Pronounced Linewidth Narrowing of Vertical Metallic Split-Ring Resonators via Strong Coupling with Metal Surface. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092194. [PMID: 34578510 PMCID: PMC8465648 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We theoretically study the plasmonic coupling between magnetic plasmon resonances (MPRs) and propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a three-dimensional (3D) metamaterial consisting of vertical Au split-ring resonators (VSRRs) array on Au substrate. By placing the VSRRs directly onto the Au substrate to remove the dielectric substrates effect, the interaction between MPRs of VSRRs and the SPP mode on the Au substrate can generate an ultranarrow-band hybrid mode with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 2.2 nm and significantly enhanced magnetic fields, compared to that of VSRRs on dielectric substrates. Owing to the strong coupling, an anti-crossing effect similar to Rabi splitting in atomic physics is also obtained. Our proposed 3D metamaterial on a metal substrate shows high sensitivity (S = 830 nm/RIU) and figure of merit (FOM = 377), which could pave way for the label-free biomedical sensing.
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Sarantopoulou E. Dynamics and Applications of Photon-Nanostructured Systems. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091741. [PMID: 32899115 PMCID: PMC7560141 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Sarantopoulou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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Duan R, Li Y, He Y, Yuan Y, Li H. Quantitative and sensitive detection of lipase using a liquid crystal microfiber biosensor based on the whispering-gallery mode. Analyst 2020; 145:7595-7602. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01187h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a quantitative and sensitive strategy for monitoring the lipase concentration using a liquid crystal microfiber biosensor based on the whispering-gallery mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Duan
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
| | - Yanzeng Li
- James Franck Institute
- University of Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Yichen He
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
| | - Hanyang Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics
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Guo Z, Wang H, Zhao C, Chen L, Liu S, Hu J, Zhou Y, Wu X. Spectral Modulation of Optofluidic Coupled-Microdisk Lasers in Aqueous Media. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101439. [PMID: 31614416 PMCID: PMC6835252 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We present the spectral modulation of an optofluidic microdisk device and investigate the mechanism and characteristics of the microdisk laser in aqueous media. The optofluidic microdisk device combines a solid-state dye-doped polymer microdisk with a microfluidic channel device, whose optical field can interact with the aqueous media. Interesting phenomena, such as mode splitting and single-mode lasing in the laser spectrum, can be observed in two coupled microdisks under the pump laser. We modulated the spectra by changing the gap of the two coupled microdisks, the refractive indices of the aqueous media, and the position of a pump light, namely, selective pumping schemes. This optofluidic microlaser provides a method to modulate the laser spectra precisely and flexibly, which will help to further understand spectral properties of coupled microcavity laser systems and develop potential applications in photobiology and photomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihe Guo
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Haotian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Chenming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jinliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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