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Kumari S, Dalal J, Kumar V, Kumar A, Ohlan A. Emerging Two-Dimensional Materials for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Application. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12267. [PMID: 37569645 PMCID: PMC10419163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene is the first two-dimensional material that becomes the center material in various research areas of material science, chemistry, condensed matter, and engineering due to its advantageous properties, including larger specific area, lower density, outstanding electrical conductivity, and ease of processability. These properties attracted the attention of material researchers that resulted in a large number of publications on EMI shielding in a short time and play a central role in addressing the problems and challenges faced in this modern era of electronics by electromagnetic interference. After the popularity of graphene, the community of material researchers investigated other two-dimensional materials like MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, black phosphorous, transition metal dichalcogenides, and layered double hydroxides, to additionally enhance the EMI shielding response of materials. The present article conscientiously reviews the current progress in EMI shielding materials in reference to two-dimensional materials and addresses the future challenges and research directions to achieve the goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumari
- Department of Physics, Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University, Jind 126102, India
| | - Jasvir Dalal
- Department of Physics, Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University, Jind 126102, India
| | - Vibhor Kumar
- School of Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Physics, Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University, Jind 126102, India
| | - Anil Ohlan
- Department of Physics, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
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2
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Zhang Q, Wang Q, Cui J, Zhao S, Zhang G, Gao A, Yan Y. Structural design and preparation of Ti 3C 2T x MXene/polymer composites for absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3549-3574. [PMID: 37441247 PMCID: PMC10334419 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00130j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a pervasive and harmful phenomenon in modern society that affects the functionality and reliability of electronic devices and poses a threat to human health. To address this issue, EMI-shielding materials with high absorption performance have attracted considerable attention. Among various candidates, two-dimensional MXenes are promising materials for EMI shielding due to their high conductivity and tunable surface chemistry. Moreover, by incorporating magnetic and conductive fillers into MXene/polymer composites, the EMI shielding performance can be further improved through structural design and impedance matching. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress in MXene/polymer composites for absorption-dominated EMI shielding applications. We summarize the fabrication methods and EMI shielding mechanisms of different composite structures, such as homogeneous, multilayer, segregated, porous, and hybrid structures. We also analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these structures in terms of EMI shielding effectiveness and the absorption ratio. Furthermore, we discuss the roles of magnetic and conductive fillers in modulating the electrical properties and EMI shielding performance of the composites. We also introduce the methods for evaluating the EMI shielding performance of the materials and emphasize the electromagnetic parameters and challenges. Finally, we provide insights and suggestions for the future development of MXene/polymer composites for EMI shielding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Zhang
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University Chizhou 247000 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Jian Cui
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Guangfa Zhang
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Ailin Gao
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Yehai Yan
- Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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Ustad RE, Kundale SS, Rokade KA, Patil SL, Chavan VD, Kadam KD, Patil HS, Patil SP, Kamat RK, Kim DK, Dongale TD. Recent progress in energy, environment, and electronic applications of MXene nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:9891-9926. [PMID: 37097309 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06162g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene, two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained widespread attention, owing to their appealing properties for various technological applications. Etched from their parent MAX phases, MXene is a newly emerged 2D material that was first reported in 2011. Since then, a lot of theoretical and experimental work has been done on more than 30 MXene structures for various applications. Given this, in the present review, we have tried to cover the multidisciplinary aspects of MXene including its structures, synthesis methods, and electronic, mechanical, optoelectronic, and magnetic properties. From an application point of view, we explore MXene-based supercapacitors, gas sensors, strain sensors, biosensors, electromagnetic interference shielding, microwave absorption, memristors, and artificial synaptic devices. Also, the impact of MXene-based materials on the characteristics of respective applications is systematically explored. This review provides the current status of MXene nanomaterials for various applications and possible future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan E Ustad
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, India.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Somnath S Kundale
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, India.
| | - Kasturi A Rokade
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, India.
| | - Snehal L Patil
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, India.
| | - Vijay D Chavan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kalyani D Kadam
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Harshada S Patil
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sarita P Patil
- School of Physical Science, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Atigre, Kolhapur-416118, MH, India
| | - Rajanish K Kamat
- Department of Electronics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, India
- Dr Homi Bhabha State University, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai-400032, India
| | - Deok-Kee Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tukaram D Dongale
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, India.
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Mohajer F, Ziarani GM, Badiei A, Iravani S, Varma RS. MXene-Carbon Nanotube Composites: Properties and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:345. [PMID: 36678099 PMCID: PMC9867311 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Today, MXenes and their composites have shown attractive capabilities in numerous fields of electronics, co-catalysis/photocatalysis, sensing/imaging, batteries/supercapacitors, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, tissue engineering/regenerative medicine, drug delivery, cancer theranostics, and soft robotics. In this aspect, MXene-carbon nanotube (CNT) composites have been widely constructed with improved environmental stability, excellent electrical conductivity, and robust mechanical properties, providing great opportunities for designing modern and intelligent systems with diagnostic/therapeutic, electronic, and environmental applications. MXenes with unique architectures, large specific surface areas, ease of functionalization, and high electrical conductivity have been employed for hybridization with CNTs with superb heat conductivity, electrical conductivity, and fascinating mechanical features. However, most of the studies have centered around their electronic, EMI shielding, catalytic, and sensing applications; thus, the need for research on biomedical and diagnostic/therapeutic applications of these materials ought to be given more attention. The photothermal conversion efficiency, selectivity/sensitivity, environmental stability/recyclability, biocompatibility/toxicity, long-term biosafety, stimuli-responsiveness features, and clinical translation studies are among the most crucial research aspects that still need to be comprehensively investigated. Although limited explorations have focused on MXene-CNT composites, future studies should be planned on the optimization of reaction/synthesis conditions, surface functionalization, and toxicological evaluations. Herein, most recent advancements pertaining to the applications of MXene-CNT composites in sensing, catalysis, supercapacitors/batteries, EMI shielding, water treatment/pollutants removal are highlighted, focusing on current trends, challenges, and future outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 19938-93973, Iran
| | - Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 19938-93973, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
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Raagulan K, Ghim J, Braveenth R, Chai KY, Kim BM. Improving the EMI shielding of graphene oxide (GNO)-coated glass-fiber-GNO-MA-grafted polypropylene (PP) composites and nylon 1D-2D nanocomposite foams. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15316-15328. [PMID: 35693240 PMCID: PMC9118371 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of the latest electronic gadgets and wireless communication devices can trigger electromagnetic interference (EMI), which has a detrimental impact on electronic devices and humans. Efficient EMI shielding materials are required for EMI-SE and they should be durable in external environments, lightweight, and cost-effective. GNO-coated glass-fiber–GNO–maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) composite and carbon fiber-reinforced nylon 1D–2D nanocomposite foam were successfully prepared via a cost-effective thermal process. The composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The PP and nylon-based composites with ∼13% filler showed maximum electrical conductivity (EC) of 878 mS cm−1 and 1381 mS cm−1, respectively. The GNO-coated glass-fiber–GNO–MAPP foam displays a maximum EMI-SE of 120.6 dB, while the nylon graphene–carbon nanotube–metal nanoplatelet foam exhibits a maximum EMI-SE of 139.1 dB in the X-band region. The GFCFFeGMAPP composite possesses a minimum thickness of 2.56 mm and blocks most incoming radiation. These are some of the highest EMI-SE values reported so far for glass fiber and nylon-based composites, and the nylon-based composite showed excellent properties compared to the glass fiber-based composite. Thus, we believe that the developed composites can be used in a wide range of real applications, such as in military vehicles, aviation, automobiles, and the packaging of electronic circuits. The proliferation of the latest electronic gadgets and wireless communication devices can trigger electromagnetic interference (EMI), which has a detrimental impact on electronic devices and humans.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthasamy Raagulan
- Division of Bio-Nanochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University Iksan City 570-749 Korea +82-10-8629-5448
| | - Jinsoo Ghim
- Division of Bio-Nanochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University Iksan City 570-749 Korea +82-10-8629-5448
| | - Ramanaskanda Braveenth
- Division of Bio-Nanochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University Iksan City 570-749 Korea +82-10-8629-5448
| | - Kyu Yun Chai
- Division of Bio-Nanochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University Iksan City 570-749 Korea +82-10-8629-5448
| | - Bo Mi Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University Iksan 570-749 Korea 1 +82-63-850-7278
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Lecocq H, Sudre G, Alcouffe P, Lhost O, Cassagnau P, Serghei A. Enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of polypropylene/hybrid metallic fillers composite materials by coalescence-driven guided electrical percolation. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Highly thermally conductive Ti 3C 2T x/h-BN hybrid films via coulombic assembly for electromagnetic interference shielding. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:488-498. [PMID: 35051723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the development of electronic equipment, heat problem and electromagnetic pollution severely affect both their functions and human health, which leads to great interests in developing materials synchronously with outstanding thermal conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Here, ultrathin Ti3C2Tx/h-BN two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure films were prepared via coulombic assembly between Ti3C2Tx MXene and h-BN nanosheet through ultrasonic blending. After the addition of h-BN nanosheet as thermal conductive nanofillers, the hybrid films achieved a higher value of thermal conductivity, compared to Ti3C2Tx composite film without h-BN. The higher thermal conductivity offered by h-BN enables the Ti3C2Tx/h-BN films have good potential for EMI shielding applications on wearable and portable electronic devices. When the mass ratio of Ti3C2Tx/h-BN is 7:3, the hybrid film with the thickness of 47.60 µm exhibited electrical conductivity of 57.67 S/cm and the maximum EMI shielding effectiveness of 37.29 dB.
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Yu LP, Zhou XH, Lu L, Xu L, Wang FJ. MXene/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids: Synthesis, Structures, Properties, and Applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5079-5111. [PMID: 34570428 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the successful preparation of few-layer transition metal carbides from three-dimensional MAX phases in 2011, MXenes (known as a family of layered transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) have been intensively studied. Though MXenes have been adopted as active materials in many applications, issues including aggregation and restacking are likely to hamper their potential applications. In order to address these prevailing challenges, the concept of MXene/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrids was proposed initially in 2015, where CNTs were incorporated as the spacers and conductive additives. Ever since, MXene/CNT hybrids with different architectures have been synthesized by a number of methods and applied in numerous fields. Herein, after the discussion about general synthesis approaches, architectures, and properties of the hybrids, this Review summarized the recent advances in the application of MXene/CNT hybrids in energy storage devices, sensors, electrocatalysis, electromagnetic interference shielding, and water treatment, in which the function of individual components was clarified. In the end, the current research trend in this field were discussed and several technical issues were highlighted along with some suggestions on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ping Yu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hong Zhou
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - Lyu Xu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jun Wang
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
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Sun K, Wang F, Yang W, Liu H, Pan C, Guo Z, Liu C, Shen C. Flexible Conductive Polyimide Fiber/MXene Composite Film for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Joule Heating with Excellent Harsh Environment Tolerance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50368-50380. [PMID: 34652899 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of flexible MXene-based multifunctional composites is becoming a hot research area to achieve the application of conductive MXene in wearable electric instruments. Herein, a flexible conductive polyimide fiber (PIF)/MXene composite film with densely stacked "rebar-brick-cement" lamellar structure is fabricated using the simple vacuum filtration plus thermal imidization technique. A water-soluble polyimide precursor, poly(amic acid), is applied to act as a binder and dispersant to ensure the homogeneous dispersion of MXene and its good interfacial adhesion with PIF after thermal imidization, resulting in excellent mechanical robustness and high conductivity (3787.9 S/m). Owing to the reflection on the surface, absorption through conduction loss and interfacial/dipolar polarization loss inside the material, and the lamellar structure that is beneficial for multiple reflection and scattering between adjacent layers, the resultant PIF/MXene composite film exhibits a high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 49.9 dB in the frequency range of 8.2-12.4 GHz. More importantly, its EMI shielding capacity can be well maintained in various harsh environments (e.g., extreme high/low temperature, acid/salt solution, and long-term cyclic bending), showing excellent stability and durability. Furthermore, it also presents fast, stable, and long-term durable Joule heating performances based on its stable and excellent conductivity, demonstrating good thermal deicing effects under actual conditions. Therefore, we believe that the flexible conductive PIF/MXene composite film with excellent conductivity and harsh environment tolerance possesses promising potential for electromagnetic wave protection and personal thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Wenke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Igwe Idumah
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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Raagulan K, Ghim JS, Braveenth R, Jung MJ, Lee SB, Chai KY, Mi Kim B, Lee J. EMI Shielding of the Hydrophobic, Flexible, Lightweight Carbonless Nano-Plate Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2086. [PMID: 33096895 PMCID: PMC7589401 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cost-effective spray coated composite was successfully synthesis and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The one step synthetic strategy was used for the synthesis of nanoplates that have a crystalline nature. The composites are amorphous and hydrophobic with micron thickness (<400 m). The maximum contact angle showed by composite is 132.65° and have wetting energy of -49.32 mN m-1, spreading coefficient -122.12 mN m-1, and work of adhesion 23.48 mN m-1. The minimum thickness of synthesized nanoplate is 3 nm while the maximum sheet resistance, resistivity, and electrical conductivity of the composites are 11.890 ohm sq-1, 0.4399 Ω.cm-1, and 8.967 S.cm-1, respectively. The cobalt nanoplate coated non-woven carbon fabric (CoFC) possesses excellent sheet resistance, hydrophobic nature, and EMI shielding efficiency of 99.99964%. The composite can block above 99.9913% of incident radiation (X band). Hence, the composite can be utilized in application areas such as medical clothes, mobile phones, automobiles, aerospace, and military equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthasamy Raagulan
- Division of Bio-Nanochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan City 570-749, Korea; (K.R.); (J.S.G.); (R.B.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Jin Soo Ghim
- Division of Bio-Nanochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan City 570-749, Korea; (K.R.); (J.S.G.); (R.B.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Ramanaskanda Braveenth
- Division of Bio-Nanochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan City 570-749, Korea; (K.R.); (J.S.G.); (R.B.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Moon Jai Jung
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea;
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Composite Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Korea;
| | - Kyu Yun Chai
- Division of Bio-Nanochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan City 570-749, Korea; (K.R.); (J.S.G.); (R.B.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Bo Mi Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
| | - Joonsik Lee
- Composite Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Korea;
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Raagulan K, Kim BM, Chai KY. Recent Advancement of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding of Two Dimensional (2D) MXene and Graphene Aerogel Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E702. [PMID: 32276331 PMCID: PMC7221907 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The two Dimensional (2D) materials such as MXene and graphene, are most promising materials, as they have attractive properties and attract numerous application areas like sensors, supper capacitors, displays, wearable devices, batteries, and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding. The proliferation of wireless communication and smart electronic systems urge the world to develop light weight, flexible, cost effective EMI shielding materials. The MXene and graphene mixed with polymers, nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterial, nanowires, and ions are used to create materials with different structural features under different fabrication techniques. The aerogel based hybrid composites of MXene and graphene are critically reviewed and correlate with structure, role of size, thickness, effect of processing technique, and interfacial interaction in shielding efficiency. Further, freeze drying, pyrolysis and hydrothermal treatment is a powerful tool to create excellent EMI shielding aerogels. We present here a review of MXene and graphene with various polymers and nanomaterials and their EMI shielding performances. This will help to develop a more suitable composite for modern electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthasamy Raagulan
- Division of Bio−Nanochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea;
| | - Bo Mi Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Chai
- Division of Bio−Nanochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea;
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Raagulan K, Braveenth R, Kim BM, Lim KJ, Lee SB, Kim M, Chai KY. An effective utilization of MXene and its effect on electromagnetic interference shielding: flexible, free-standing and thermally conductive composite from MXene–PAT–poly(p-aminophenol)–polyaniline co-polymer. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1613-1633. [PMID: 35494715 PMCID: PMC9048165 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09522e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MXene and conductive polymers are attractive candidates for electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) applications. The MXene–PAT-conductive polymer (CP) composites were fabricated by a cost-effective spray coating technique and characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. A new approach has been developed for the synthesis of exfoliated MXene. The MXene–PAT–poly(p-aminophenol)–polyaniline co-polymer composite exhibited good electric conductivity (EC) of 7.813 S cm−1. The composites revealed an excellent thermal properties, which were 0.687 W (m K)−1 thermal conductivity, 2.247 J (g K)−1 heat capacity, 0.282 mm2 s−1 thermal diffusivity and 1.330 W s1/2 m−2 K−1 thermal effusivity. The composites showed 99.99% shielding efficiency and the MXene–PAT–PANI–PpAP composite (MXPATPA) had EMI shielding effectiveness of 45.18 dB at 8.2 GHz. The reduced form of MXene (r-Ti3C2Tx) increased the shielding effectiveness (SE) by 7.26% and the absorption (SEA) was greatly enhanced by the ant farm like structure. The composites possess excellent thermal and EMI SE characteristics, thus can be applied in areas, such as mobile phones, military utensils, heat-emitting electronic devices, automobiles and radars. MXene and conductive polymers are attractive candidates for electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthasamy Raagulan
- Division of Bio-Nanochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Wonkwang University
- Iksan 570-749
- Korea
| | - Ramanaskanda Braveenth
- Division of Bio-Nanochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Wonkwang University
- Iksan 570-749
- Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Wonkwang University
- Iksan 570-749
- Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Lim
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI)
- Researcher/IT Application Research Center
- Korea
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Composite Research Division
- Korea Institute of Materials Science
- Changwon 51508
- South Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI)
- Researcher/IT Application Research Center
- Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Chai
- Division of Bio-Nanochemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Wonkwang University
- Iksan 570-749
- Korea
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