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Sharma NK, Rana A, Panwar O, Rana AS. Nanomechanical inhomogeneities in CVA-deposited titanium nitride thin films: Nanoindentation and finite element method investigations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33239. [PMID: 39022080 PMCID: PMC11252795 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Refractory metals that can withstand at high temperatures and harsh conditions are of utmost importance for solar-thermal and energy storage applications. Thin films of TiN have been deposited using cathodic vacuum arc deposition at relatively low temperatures ∼300 °C using the substrate bias ∼ -60 V. The nanomechanical properties of these films were investigated using nanoindentation and the spatial fluctuations were observed. The nanoindentation results were simulated using finite element method through Johnson-Cook model. A parametric study was conducted, and 16 different models were simulated to predict the hardening modulus, hardening exponent, and yield stress of the deposited film. The predicted values of elastic modulus, yield stress, hardening modulus and hardening exponent as 246 GPa, 2500 MPa, 25000 MPa and 0.1 respectively are found to satisfactorily explain the experimental load-indentation curves. We have found the local nitridation plays an important role on nanomechanical properties of TiN thin films and confirms that the nitrogen deficient regions are ductile with low yield stress and hardening modulus. This study further opens the opportunities of modelling the nanoscale system using FEM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Sharma
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Devices, School of Engineering and Technology, BML Munjal University, Sidhrawali, Gurugram, 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Anchal Rana
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Devices, School of Engineering and Technology, BML Munjal University, Sidhrawali, Gurugram, 122413, Haryana, India
| | - O.S. Panwar
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Devices, School of Engineering and Technology, BML Munjal University, Sidhrawali, Gurugram, 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Abhimanyu Singh Rana
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Devices, School of Engineering and Technology, BML Munjal University, Sidhrawali, Gurugram, 122413, Haryana, India
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2
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Du M, Guo L, Ren H, Tao X, Li Y, Nan B, Si R, Chen C, Li L. Non-Noble FeCrO x Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Efficient NH 3 Decomposition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1280. [PMID: 37049373 PMCID: PMC10096975 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia has the advantages of being easy to liquefy, easy to store, and having a high hydrogen content of 17.3 wt%, which can be produced without COx through an ammonia decomposition using an appropriate catalyst. In this paper, a series of FeCr bimetallic oxide nanocatalysts with a uniform morphology and regulated composition were synthesized by the urea two-step hydrolysis method, which exhibited the high-performance decomposition of ammonia. The effects of different FeCr metal ratios on the catalyst particle size, morphology, and crystal phase were investigated. The Fe0.75Cr0.25 sample exhibited the highest catalytic activity, with an ammonia conversion of nearly 100% at 650 °C. The dual metal catalysts clearly outperformed the single metal samples in terms of their catalytic performance. Besides XRD, XPS, and SEM being used as the means of the conventional characterization, the local structural changes of the FeCr metal oxide catalysts in the catalytic ammonia decomposition were investigated by XAFS. It was determined that the Fe metal and FeNx of the bcc structure were the active species of the ammonia-decomposing catalyst. The addition of Cr successfully prevented the Fe from sintering at high temperatures, which is more favorable for the formation of stable metal nitrides, promoting the continuous decomposition of ammonia and improving the decomposition activity of the ammonia. This work reveals the internal relationship between the phase and structural changes and their catalytic activity, identifies the active catalytic phase, thus guiding the design and synthesis of catalysts for ammonia decomposition, and excavates the application value of transition-metal-based nanocomposites in industrial catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Du
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China; (M.D.)
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongju Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, Gongye Road 523, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Tao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China; (M.D.)
| | - Yunan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China; (M.D.)
| | - Bing Nan
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rui Si
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China; (M.D.)
| | - Chongqi Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, Gongye Road 523, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lina Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China; (M.D.)
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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Singh PDD, Murthy Z, Kumar Kailasa S. Metal nitrides nanostructures: Properties, synthesis and conceptualization in analytical methods developments for chemical analysis and separation, and in energy storage applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Luo H, Zhang H, Li W, Zhang WX, Yang J. Iron-Based Nanocatalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200790. [PMID: 36103612 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate has a high level of stability and persistence in water, endangering human health and aquatic ecosystems. Due to its high reliability and efficiency, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3 RR) is regarded as the best available option for mitigating excess nitrate in water and wastewater, especially for the removal of trace levels of nitrate. One of the most critical factors in the electrochemical reduction are the catalysts, which directly affect the reaction efficiency of nitrate removal. Iron-based nanocatalysts, which have the advantages of nontoxicity, wide availability, and low cost, have emerged as a promising electrochemical NO3 RR material in recent years. This review covers major aspects of iron-based nanocatalysts for electrochemical NO3 RR, including synthetic methods, structural design, performance enhancement, electrocatalytic nitrate reduction test, and reduction mechanism. The recent progress of iron-based nanocatalysts for electrochemical NO3 RR and the mechanism of functional advantages for modified structures are reviewed from the perspectives of loading, doping, and assembly strategies, in order to realize the conversion from pollutant nitrate to harmless nitrogen or ammonia and other sustainable products. Finally, challenges and future directions for the development of low-cost and highly-efficient iron-based nanocatalysts are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yingbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hongxia Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei-Xian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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5
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Enhancing oxygen evolution reaction activity of Co4N1-x film electrodes through nitrogen deficiency. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hasanudin H, Asri WR, Zulaikha IS, Ayu C, Rachmat A, Riyanti F, Hadiah F, Zainul R, Maryana R. Hydrocracking of crude palm oil to a biofuel using zirconium nitride and zirconium phosphide-modified bentonite. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21916-21925. [PMID: 36043093 PMCID: PMC9361004 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, bentonite modified by zirconium nitride (ZrN) and zirconium phosphide (ZrP) catalysts was studied in the hydrocracking of crude palm oil to biofuels. The study demonstrated that bentonite was propitiously modified by ZrN and ZrP, as assessed by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM-EDX analysis. The acidity of the bentonite catalyst was remarkably enhanced by ZrN and ZrP, and it showed an increased intensity in the Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites, as presented by pyridine FTIR. In the hydrocracking application, the highest conversion was achieved by bentonite-ZrN at 8 mEq g−1 catalyst loading of 87.93%, whereas bentonite-ZrP at 10 mEq g−1 showed 86.04% conversion, which suggested that there was a strong positive correlation between the catalyst acidity and the conversion under a particular condition. The biofuel distribution fraction showed that both the catalysts produced a high bio-kerosene fraction, followed by bio-gasoline and oil fuel fractions. The reusability study revealed that both the catalysts had sufficient conversion stability of CPO through the hydrocracking reaction up to four consecutive runs with a low decrease in the catalyst activity. Overall, bentonite-ZrN dominantly favored the hydrocracking of CPO than bentonite-ZrP. In this study, bentonite modified by zirconium nitride (ZrN) and zirconium phosphide (ZrP) catalysts was studied in the hydrocracking of crude palm oil to biofuels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasanudin Hasanudin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia .,Biofuel Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia
| | - Wan Ryan Asri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia .,Biofuel Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia
| | - Indah Sari Zulaikha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia .,Biofuel Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia
| | - Cik Ayu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia .,Biofuel Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia
| | - Addy Rachmat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia .,Biofuel Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia
| | - Fahma Riyanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia .,Biofuel Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia
| | - Fitri Hadiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya Indralaya 30662 Indonesia
| | - Rahadian Zainul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Padang Padang Indonesia
| | - Roni Maryana
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Building 452 Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Serpong Tangerang Selatan Banten Indonesia
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Mao Z, Ding C, Liu X, Zhang Q, Qin X, Li H, Yang F, Li Q, Zhang XG, Zhang J, Cai WB. Interstitial B-Doping in Pt Lattice to Upgrade Oxygen Electroreduction Performance. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xianxian Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xia-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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8
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Ko TE, Hosseini S, Tseng CM, Tsai JE, Wang WH, Li YY. Tetrafunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, and carbon dioxide reduction reactions. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Surveying the Synthesis, Optical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of Cu3N Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132218. [PMID: 35808056 PMCID: PMC9268351 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the most recent advances in the synthesis approaches, fundamental properties and photocatalytic activity of Cu3N nanostructures. Herein, the effect of synthesis conditions, such as solvent, temperature, time and precursor on the precipitation of Cu3N and the formation of secondary phases of Cu and Cu2O are surveyed, with emphasis on shape and size control. Furthermore, Cu3N nanostructures possess excellent optical properties, including a narrow bandgap in the range of 0.2 eV–2 eV for visible light absorption. In that regard, understanding the effect of the electronic structure on the bandgap and on the optical properties of Cu3N is therefore of interest. In fact, the density of states in the d-band of Cu has an influence on the band gap of Cu3N. Moreover, the potential of Cu3N nanomaterials for photocatalytic dye-degradation originates from the presence of active sites, i.e., Cu and N vacancies on the surface of the nanoparticles. Plasmonic nanoparticles tend to enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic dye degradation of Cu3N. Nevertheless, combining them with other potent photocatalysts, such as TiO2 and MoS2, augments the efficiency to 99%. Finally, the review concludes with perspectives and future research opportunities for Cu3N-based nanostructures.
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Bechelany MC, Lale A, Balestrat M, Gervais C, Malo S, Nishihora RK, Bernard S. Ceramic nanocomposites prepared via the in situ formation of a novel TiZrN2 nanophase in a polymer-derived Si3N4 matrix. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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11
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Magkoev TT, Mustafaeva DG, Zaalishvili VB, Ashkhotov OG, Sozaev ZT. Preparation of Aluminum-Molybdenum Alloy Thin Film Oxide and Study of Molecular CO + NO Conversion on Its Surface. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062245. [PMID: 35329697 PMCID: PMC8949371 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption and interaction of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) molecules on the surface of bare Al-Mo(110) system and on that obtained by its in situ oxidation have been studied in ultra-high vacuum (base pressure: ca. 10−8 Pa) by means of Auger and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AES, XPS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), reflection–absorption infrared and thermal desorption spectroscopy (RAIRS, TDS), and by the work function measurements. In order to achieve the Al-Mo(110) alloy the thin aluminum film of a few monolayers thick was in situ deposited onto the Mo(110) crystal and then annealed at 800 K. As a result of Al atoms diffusion into the Mo(110) subsurface region and the chemical reaction, the surface alloy of a hexagonal atomic symmetry corresponding to Al2Mo alloy is formed. The feature of thus formed surface alloy regarding molecular adsorption is that, unlike the bare Mo(110) and Al(111) substrates, on which both CO and NO dissociate, adsorption on the alloy surface is non-dissociative. Moreover, adsorption of carbon monoxide dramatically changes the state of pre-adsorbed NO molecules, displacing them to higher-coordinated adsorption sites and simultaneously tilting their molecular axis closer to the surface plane. After annealing of this coadsorbed system up to 320 K the (CO + NO → CO2 + N) reaction takes place resulting in carbon dioxide desorption into the gas phase and nitriding of the substrate. Such an enhancement of catalytic activity of Mo(110) upon alloying with Al is attributed to surface reconstruction resulting in appearance of new adsorption/reaction centers at the Al/Mo interface (steric effect), as well as to the Mo d-band filling upon alloying (electronic effect). Catalytic activity mounts further when the Al-Mo(110) is in situ oxidized. The obtained Al-Mo(110)-O ternary system is a prototype of a metal/oxide model catalysts featuring the metal oxides and the metal/oxide perimeter interfaces as a the most active reaction sites. As such, this type of low-cost metal alloy oxide models precious metal containing catalysts and can be viewed as a potential substitute to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamerlan T. Magkoev
- Laboratory of Adsorption Phenomena, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, North Ossetian State University, Vatutina 44-46, 362025 Vladikavkaz, Russia; (D.G.M.); (Z.T.S.)
- Geophysical Institute—The Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Markova 93a, 362002 Vladikavkaz, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-918-822-4595
| | - Dzhamilya G. Mustafaeva
- Laboratory of Adsorption Phenomena, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, North Ossetian State University, Vatutina 44-46, 362025 Vladikavkaz, Russia; (D.G.M.); (Z.T.S.)
- North Caucasian Mining and Metallurgical Institute, State Technological University, Nikolaev 44, 362021 Vladikavkaz, Russia
| | - Vladislav B. Zaalishvili
- Geophysical Institute—The Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Markova 93a, 362002 Vladikavkaz, Russia;
| | - Oleg G. Ashkhotov
- Institute of Informatics, Electronics and Robotics, Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Chernyshevskogo 173, 360004 Nal’chik, Russia;
| | - Zaurbek T. Sozaev
- Laboratory of Adsorption Phenomena, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, North Ossetian State University, Vatutina 44-46, 362025 Vladikavkaz, Russia; (D.G.M.); (Z.T.S.)
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Sajid M, Kaden WE, Kara A. DFT Investigation of Ammonia Formation via a Langmuir-Hinshelwood Mechanism on Mo-Terminated δ-MoN(0001). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4277-4285. [PMID: 35155920 PMCID: PMC8830058 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we employed density functional theory to elucidate the energetics associated with elementary steps along a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism for the Haber-Bosch synthesis of ammonia from N2 and H2 on a hexagonal, Mo-terminated molybdenum nitride surface. Using nudged elastic band calculations, we determined the energy barriers involved in the reaction processes. An active site consisting of four nearest-neighbor Mo atoms, previously identified as an active site on similar surfaces, was chosen to investigate the reaction processes. Using this approach, we calculate a barrier of ∼0.5 eV for the dissociation of N2. The superior activity of the dissociation of the strong N2 bonds is rationalized based on the unique geometric and electronic configurations present at these active sites. Despite the favorable energetics for nitrogen dissociation, the energy cost for hydrogenation of NH x (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) species is shown to be energetically limiting for the formation of ammonia through the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism at these sites, with elementary step activation barriers calculated to be as large as ∼2 eV. A comparison to Haber-Bosch results derived from a similar γ-Mo2N model system suggests the relative independence of surface chemistry and bulk stoichiometry for rhombic Mo4 active sites present on molybdenum nitrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - William E. Kaden
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- Renewable
Energy and Chemical Transformations Cluster, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Abdelkader Kara
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- Renewable
Energy and Chemical Transformations Cluster, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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Thermal Stability of Potassium-Promoted Cobalt Molybdenum Nitride Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of cobalt molybdenum nitrides as ammonia synthesis catalysts requires further development of the optimal promoter system, which enhances not only the activity but also the stability of the catalysts. To do so, elucidating the influence of the addition of alkali metals on the structural properties of the catalysts is essential. In this study, potassium-promoted cobalt molybdenum nitrides were synthesized by impregnation of the precursor CoMoO4·3/4H2O with aqueous KNO3 solution followed by ammonolysis. The catalysts were characterized with the use of XRD and BET methods, under two conditions: as obtained and after the thermal stability test. The catalytic activity in the synthesis of ammonia was examined at 450 °C, under 10 MPa. The thermal stability test was carried out by heating at 650 °C in the same apparatus. As a result of ammonolysis, mixtures of two phases: Co3Mo3N and Co2Mo3N were obtained. The phase concentrations were affected by potassium admixture. The catalytical activity increased for the most active catalyst by approximately 50% compared to non-promoted cobalt molybdenum nitrides. The thermal stability test resulted in a loss of activity, on average, of 30%. Deactivation was caused by the collapse of the porous structure, which is attributed to the conversion of the Co2Mo3N phase to the Co3Mo3N phase.
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Azeez MO, Tanimu A, Alhooshani K, Ganiyu SA. Synergistic effect of nitrogen and molybdenum on activated carbon matrix for selective adsorptive Desulfurization: Insights into surface chemistry modification. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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15
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Jiang K, Li K, Liu YQ, Lin S, Wang Z, Wang D, Ye Y. Nickel-cobalt nitride nanoneedle supported on nickel foam as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation from ammonia electrolysis. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Trangwachirachai K, Chen CH, Lin YC. Anaerobic conversion of methane to acetonitrile over solid-state-pyrolysis-synthesized GaN catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Park YS, Kodama S, Sekiguchi H. Preparation of Metal Nitride Particles Using Arc Discharge in Liquid Nitrogen. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092214. [PMID: 34578530 PMCID: PMC8472759 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple process to synthesize metal nitride particles was proposed using submerged arc discharge plasma in liquid nitrogen. Gibbs standard free energy was considered for the selection of the nitride-forming materials. In this study, titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al) electrodes were used as raw materials for nitride particle preparation. Liquid nitrogen acted as a dielectric medium as well as a nitridation source in this process. A copper electrode was also used as a non-reactive material for comparison with the reactive Ti and Al electrodes. As the operating conditions of the experiments, the arc discharge current was varied from 5 A (low-power mode) to 30 A (high-power mode). The formation of titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) was confirmed in the particles prepared in all experimental conditions by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The observation using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and a field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM) indicated that the synthesized TiN particles showed a cubic morphology, whereas AlN particles containing unreacted Al showed a spherical morphology. The experiments using different metal electrode configurations showed that the anode generated most of the particles in this process. Based on the obtained results, a particle formation mechanism was proposed.
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18
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Jaf ZN, Miran HA, Jiang ZT, Altarawneh M. Molybdenum nitrides from structures to industrial applications. REV CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Owing to their remarkable characteristics, refractory molybdenum nitride (MoN
x
)-based compounds have been deployed in a wide range of strategic industrial applications. This review reports the electronic and structural properties that render MoN
x
materials as potent catalytic surfaces for numerous chemical reactions and surveys the syntheses, procedures, and catalytic applications in pertinent industries such as the petroleum industry. In particular, hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodeoxygenation are essential processes in the refinement of oil segments and their conversions into commodity fuels and platform chemicals. N-vacant sites over a catalyst’s surface are a significant driver of diverse chemical phenomena. Studies on various reaction routes have emphasized that the transfer of adsorbed hydrogen atoms from the N-vacant sites reduces the activation barriers for bond breaking at key structural linkages. Density functional theory has recently provided an atomic-level understanding of Mo–N systems as active ingredients in hydrotreating processes. These Mo–N systems are potentially extendible to the hydrogenation of more complex molecules, most notably, oxygenated aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab N. Jaf
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences – Ibn Al-Haitham , University of Baghdad , Baghdad 10071 , Iraq
| | - Hussein A. Miran
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences – Ibn Al-Haitham , University of Baghdad , Baghdad 10071 , Iraq
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education , Murdoch University , Murdoch , WA 6150 , Australia
| | - Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , United Arab Emirates University , Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Street , Al-Ain 15551 , United Arab Emirates
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19
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Usman M, Humayun M, Garba MD, Ullah L, Zeb Z, Helal A, Suliman MH, Alfaifi BY, Iqbal N, Abdinejad M, Tahir AA, Ullah H. Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2: A Review of Cobalt Based Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Fuels. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2029. [PMID: 34443860 PMCID: PMC8400998 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a promising approach to curbing harmful emissions contributing to global warming. However, several challenges hinder the commercialization of this technology, including high overpotentials, electrode instability, and low Faradic efficiencies of desirable products. Several materials have been developed to overcome these challenges. This mini-review discusses the recent performance of various cobalt (Co) electrocatalysts, including Co-single atom, Co-multi metals, Co-complexes, Co-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), Co-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs), Co-nitrides, and Co-oxides. These materials are reviewed with respect to their stability of facilitating CO2 conversion to valuable products, and a summary of the current literature is highlighted, along with future perspectives for the development of efficient CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.H.S.); (B.Y.A.)
| | - Muhammad Humayun
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Mustapha D. Garba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Latif Ullah
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Zonish Zeb
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Aasif Helal
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.H.S.); (B.Y.A.)
| | - Munzir H. Suliman
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.H.S.); (B.Y.A.)
| | - Bandar Y. Alfaifi
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.H.S.); (B.Y.A.)
| | - Naseem Iqbal
- US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Maryam Abdinejad
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada;
| | - Asif Ali Tahir
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK;
| | - Habib Ullah
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK;
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20
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Xu H, Yamaguchi S, Mitsudome T, Mizugaki T. A copper nitride catalyst for the efficient hydroxylation of aryl halides under ligand-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6593-6597. [PMID: 34019611 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00768h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper nitride (Cu3N) was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the hydroxylation of aryl halides under ligand-free conditions. The cubic Cu3N nanoparticles showed high catalytic activity, comparable to those of conventional Cu catalysts with nitrogen ligands, demonstrating that the nitrogen atoms in Cu3N act as functional ligands that promote hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Sho Yamaguchi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Takato Mitsudome
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Tomoo Mizugaki
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. and Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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21
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Chen T, Foo C, Zheng JJW, Fang H, Nellist P, Tsang SCE. Direct Visualization of Substitutional Li Doping in Supported Pt Nanoparticles and Their Ultra-selective Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance. Chemistry 2021; 27:12041-12046. [PMID: 34159657 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has only recently been established that doping light elements (lithium, boron, and carbon) into supported transition metals can fill interstitial sites, which can be observed by the expanded unit cell. As an example, interstitial lithium (int Li) can block H filling octahedral interstices of palladium metal lattice, which improves partial hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes under hydrogen. In contrast, herein, we report int Li is not found in the case of Pt/C. Instead, we observe for the first time a direct 'substitution' of Pt with substitutional lithium (sub Li) in alternating atomic columns using scanning transmission electron microscopy-annular dark field (STEM-ADF). This ordered substitutional doping results in a contraction of the unit cell as shown by high-quality synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD). The electron donation of d-band of Pt without higher orbital hybridizations by sub Li offers an alternative way for ultra-selectivity in catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds by suppressing the facile CO bond breakage that would form alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR, Oxford, UK.,Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 PH, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Foo
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR, Oxford, UK
| | - Jianwei J W Zheng
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR, Oxford, UK
| | - Huihuang Fang
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Nellist
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 PH, Oxford, UK
| | - Shik Chi Edman Tsang
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR, Oxford, UK
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22
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Drygaś M, Lejda K, Janik JF, Łyszczarz K, Gierlotka S, Stelmakh S, Pałosz B. New Nitride Nanoceramics from Synthesis-Mixed Nanopowders in the Composite System Gallium Nitride GaN-Titanium Nitride TiN. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143794. [PMID: 34300712 PMCID: PMC8307816 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Presented is a study on the preparation, via original precursor solution chemistry, of intimately mixed composite nanocrystalline powders in the system gallium nitride GaN–titanium nitride TiN, atomic ratio Ga/Ti = 1/1, which were subjected to high-pressure (7.7 GPa) and high-temperature (650, 1000, and 1200 °C) sintering with no additives. Potential equilibration toward bimetallic compounds upon mixing of the solutions of the metal dimethylamide precursors, dimeric {Ga[N(CH3)2]3}2 and monomeric Ti[N(CH3)2]4, was studied with 1H- and 13C{H}-NMR spectroscopy in C6D6 solution. The different nitridation temperatures of 800 and 950 °C afforded a pool of in situ synthesis-mixed composite nanopowders of hexagonal h-GaN and cubic c-TiN with varying average crystallite sizes. The applied sintering temperatures were either to prevent temperature-induced recrystallization (650 °C) or promote crystal growth (1000 and 1200 °C) of the initial powders with the high sintering pressure of 7.7 GPa having a detrimental effect on crystal growth. The powders and nanoceramics, both of the composites and of the individual nitrides, were characterized if applicable by powder XRD, SEM/EDX, Raman spectroscopy, Vicker’s hardness, and helium density. No evidence was found for metastable alloying of the two crystallographically different nitrides under the applied synthesis and sintering conditions, while the nitride domain segregation on the micrometer scale was observed on sintering. The Vicker’s hardness tests for many of the composite and individual nanoceramics provided values with high hardness comparable with those of the individual h-GaN and c-TiN ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Drygaś
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Lejda
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (K.L.)
| | - Jerzy F. Janik
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Klaudia Łyszczarz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Gierlotka
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warszawa, Poland; (S.G.); (S.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Svitlana Stelmakh
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warszawa, Poland; (S.G.); (S.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Bogdan Pałosz
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warszawa, Poland; (S.G.); (S.S.); (B.P.)
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23
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Zhang C, Gong Y, Liu H, Jin C, Guo H, He J. An efficient Co-WN/CNTs composite catalyst with multiple active sites for oxygen reduction reaction activity. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Composite Nitride Nanoceramics in the System Titanium Nitride (TiN)-Aluminum Nitride (AlN) through High Pressure and High Temperature Sintering of Synthesis-Mixed Nanocrystalline Powders. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030588. [PMID: 33513821 PMCID: PMC7865222 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Presented is a study on the original preparation of individual and in situ intimately mixed composite nanocrystalline powders in the titanium nitride-aluminum nitride system, Ti:Al = 1:1 (at.), which were used in high pressure (7.7 GPa) and high temperature (650 and 1200 °C) sintering with no binding additives for diverse individual and composite nanoceramics. First, variations in precursor processing pathways and final nitridation temperatures, 800 and 1100 °C, afforded a pool of mixed in the nanosized regime cubic TiN (c-TiN) and hexagonal AlN (h-AlN) composite nanopowders both with varying average crystallite sizes. Second, the sintering temperatures were selected either to preserve initial powder nanocrystallinity (650 °C was lower than both nitridation temperatures) or promote crystal growth and recrystallization (1200 °C was higher than both nitridation temperatures). Potential equilibration towards bimetallic compounds upon solution mixing of the organometallic precursors to nanopowders, monomeric Ti[N(CH3)2]4 and dimeric {Al[N(CH3)2]3}2, was studied with 1H and 13C NMR in C6D6 solution. The powders and nanoceramics, both of the composites and individual nitrides, were characterized if applicable by powder XRD, FT-IR, SEM/EDX, Vicker’s hardness, and helium density. The Vicker’s hardness tests confirmed many of the composite and individual nanoceramics having high hardnesses comparable with those of the reference h-AlN and c-TiN ceramics. This is despite extended phase segregation and, frequently, closed microsized pore formation linked mainly to the AlN component. No evidence was found for metastable alloying of the two crystallographically different nitrides under the applied synthesis and sintering conditions. The high pressure and high temperature sintering of the individual and in situ synthesis-mixed composite nanopowders of TiN-AlN was demonstrated to yield robust nanoceramics.
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25
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Chen T, Foo C, Edman Tsang SC. Interstitial and substitutional light elements in transition metals for heterogeneous catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:517-532. [PMID: 34163781 PMCID: PMC8179013 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of foreign element dopants to monometallic nanoparticle catalysts is of great importance in industrial applications. Both substitutional and interstitial doping of pure metallic phases can give profound effects such as altering electronic and transport properties, lattice parameters, phase transitions, and consequently various physicochemical properties. For transition metal catalysts, this often leads to changes in catalytic activity and selectivity. This article provides an overview of the recent developments regarding the catalytic properties and characterisation of such systems. In particular, the structure-activity relationship for a number of important chemical reactions is summarised and the future prospects of this area are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Christopher Foo
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Shik Chi Edman Tsang
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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26
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Abstract
Mitigation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions possess a major global challenge for modern societies. Herein, catalytic solutions are meant to play a key role. Among the different catalysts for CO2 conversion, Cu supported molybdenum carbide is receiving increasing attention. Hence, in the present communication, we show the activity, selectivity and stability of fresh-prepared β-Mo2C catalysts and compare the results with those of Cu/Mo2C, Cs/Mo2C and Cu/Cs/Mo2C in CO2 hydrogenation reactions. The results show that all the catalysts were active, and the main reaction product was methanol. Copper, cesium and molybdenum interaction is observed, and cesium promoted the formation of metallic Mo on the fresh catalyst. The incorporation of copper is positive and improves the activity and selectivity to methanol. Additionally, the addition of cesium favored the formation of Mo0 phase, which for the catalysts Cs/Mo2C seemed to be detrimental for the conversion and selectivity. Moreover, the catalysts promoted by copper and/or cesium underwent redox surface transformations during the reaction, these were more obvious for cesium doped catalysts, which diminished their catalytic performance.
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27
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Naguib M, Tang W, Browning KL, Veith GM, Maliekkal V, Neurock M, Villa A. Catalytic Activity of Ti‐based MXenes for the Hydrogenation of Furfural. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Naguib
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Tulane University 6823 St Charles Ave New Orleans LA 70118 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Rd. Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Ave. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Katie L. Browning
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Rd. Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Gabriel M. Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Rd. Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Vineet Maliekkal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Ave. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Matthew Neurock
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Ave. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Alberto Villa
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Camillo Golgi, 19 Milan MI 20133 Italy
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28
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Application of New Nanoparticle Structures as Catalysts. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091686. [PMID: 32867166 PMCID: PMC7559344 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Podrojková N, Sans V, Oriňak A, Oriňaková R. Recent Developments in the Modelling of Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO
2
Conversion to Chemicals. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Podrojková
- Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University Moyzesova 11 Košice 041 54 Slovakia
| | - Victor Sans
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Universitat Jaume I Avda. Sos Baynat s/n Castellón de la Plana 12006 Spain
| | - Andrej Oriňak
- Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University Moyzesova 11 Košice 041 54 Slovakia
| | - Renata Oriňaková
- Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University Moyzesova 11 Košice 041 54 Slovakia
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30
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Führer M, van Haasterecht T, Bitter JH. Molybdenum and tungsten carbides can shine too. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01420f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we argue that transition metal carbides such as molybdenum and tungsten hold great potential for the catalytic conversions of future feedstocks due to their ability to remain active in the presence of impurities in the feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Führer
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6700 AA Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - T. van Haasterecht
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6700 AA Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - J. H. Bitter
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences
- Wageningen University and Research
- 6700 AA Wageningen
- The Netherlands
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31
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Sreekanth TVM, Nagajyothi PC, Devarayapalli KC, Shim J, Yoo K. Lilac flower-shaped ZnCo2O4electrocatalyst for efficient methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions in an alkaline medium. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00024h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ZnCo2O4electrocatalyst for the efficient MOR and ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. V. M. Sreekanth
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan-38541
- Republic of Korea
| | - P. C. Nagajyothi
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan-38541
- Republic of Korea
| | - K. C. Devarayapalli
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan-38541
- Republic of Korea
| | - J. Shim
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan-38541
- Republic of Korea
| | - K. Yoo
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan-38541
- Republic of Korea
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