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Paixao PA, Michels FS, Oliveira SL, Goncalves AMB, Martins CA, Caires ARL, Alves DCB. Miniaturized 3D-Printed Cell Enables Water/Ethanol Quantification Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:131. [PMID: 38202991 PMCID: PMC10781244 DOI: 10.3390/s24010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A miniaturized and low-cost electrochemical 3D-printed system for rapid and accurate quantification of ethanol content in ethanol fuel using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was developed. The monolithic design of the system incorporates insulating thermoplastic electrode separators, with only the cover being mobile, allowing for easy assembly and handling. The portable device, measuring approximately 26 × 24 mm, has a maximum capacity of 1 mL, making it suitable for lab-on-a-chip and portable analysis. By utilizing the dielectric constant of ethanol and ethanol fuel mixtures with water, the miniaturized EIS cell quantifies ethanol content effectively. To validate its performance, we compared measurements from four gas stations with a digital densimeter, and the values obtained from the proposed system matched perfectly. Our miniaturized and low-cost electrochemical 3D-printed device can be printed and assembled in two hours, offering a cost-effective solution for fast and precise ethanol quantification. Its versatility, affordability, and compatibility with lab-on-a-chip platforms make it easily applicable, including for fuel quality control and on-site analysis in remote locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Paixao
- Applied Nanomaterials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil (F.S.M.); (A.-M.B.G.)
| | - Flávio S. Michels
- Applied Nanomaterials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil (F.S.M.); (A.-M.B.G.)
| | - Samuel L. Oliveira
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (S.L.O.); (A.R.L.C.)
| | - Alem-Mar B. Goncalves
- Applied Nanomaterials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil (F.S.M.); (A.-M.B.G.)
| | - Cauê A. Martins
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Anderson R. L. Caires
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (S.L.O.); (A.R.L.C.)
| | - Diego C. B. Alves
- Applied Nanomaterials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil (F.S.M.); (A.-M.B.G.)
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Bandas C, Nicolaescu M, Popescu MI, Orha C, Căprărescu S, Lazau C. One-Step Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Preparation of Zn-ZnO(Nw)-rGO Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4536. [PMID: 37444850 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Zn-ZnO(Nw)-rGO hybrid electrodes for supercapacitor applications were successfully prepared in situ by a one-step microwave-assisted hydrothermal method by deposition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the structure of ZnO nanowires grown on the Zn foil. During the hydrothermal treatment, two processes occur the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the deposition of rGO on the Zn-ZnO(Nw) support. The growth of ZnO nanowires was achieved by thermal oxidation below the melting point of the Zn foil in a controlled atmosphere. The as-obtained electrodes were assessed for structural, optical, and morphological properties by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, SEM microscopy, and EDX analysis. The supercapacitor properties of the Zn-ZnO(Nw)-rGO hybrid electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis. The CV curve reveals that the Zn-ZnO(Nw)-rGO hybrid structures work as negative electrodes and exhibit a non-ideal rectangle-like shape, suggesting that the as-synthesized structure behaves as a pseudo-capacitor. A maximum capacitance was determined to be 395.79 mF cm-2 at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1. Based on GCD analysis, the maximum specific capacitance of 145.59 mF cm-2 was achieved at a low power density of 2 mA cm-2. The cycle life assessment of the Zn-ZnO(Nw)-rGO hybrid electrode over a 250-cycle number was performed by CV and GCD analysis. The maximum retention rate of 120.86% was achieved from GCD analysis over 250 cycles for the Zn-ZnO(Nw)-rGO hybrid electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Bandas
- Condensed Matter Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, 1 Plautius Andronescu Street, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicolaescu
- Condensed Matter Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, 1 Plautius Andronescu Street, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Politehnica University of Timisoara Mihai Viteazu 1, 300222 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mina Ionela Popescu
- Condensed Matter Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, 1 Plautius Andronescu Street, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Inorganic Compounds and Environment, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Blv. Vasile Parvan 6, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Orha
- Condensed Matter Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, 1 Plautius Andronescu Street, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simona Căprărescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, Polizu Street No. 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Lazau
- Condensed Matter Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, 1 Plautius Andronescu Street, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
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Expanded Graphite-Based Materials for Supercapacitors: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030716. [PMID: 35163981 PMCID: PMC8839398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Supercapacitors have gained e wide attention because of high power density, fast charging and discharging, as well as good cycle performance. Recently, expanded graphite (EG) has been widely investigated as an effective electrode material for supercapacitors owing to its excellent physical, chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Based on charge storage mechanism, supercapacitors have been divided into symmetric, asymmetric, and hybrid supercapacitors. Here, we review the study progress of EG-based materials to be electrode materials. Furthermore, we discuss the application prospects and challenges of EG-based materials in supercapacitors.
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El-Shahat M, Mochtar M, Rashad MM, Mousa MA. Single and ternary nanocomposite electrodes of Mn3O4/TiO2/rGO for supercapacitors. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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