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Hwang E, Choi J, Hong S. Emerging laser-assisted vacuum processes for ultra-precision, high-yield manufacturing. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16065-16076. [PMID: 36278425 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03649e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Laser technology is a cutting-edge process with a unique photothermal response, precise site selectivity, and remote controllability. Laser technology has recently emerged as a novel tool in the semiconductor, display, and thin film industries by providing additional capabilities to existing high-vacuum equipment. The in situ and in operando laser assistance enables using multiple process environments with a level of complexity unachievable with conventional vacuum equipment. This broadens the usable range of process parameters and directly improves material properties, product precision, and device performance. This review paper examines the recent research trends in laser-assisted vacuum processes (LAVPs) as a vital tool for innovation in next-generation manufacturing processing equipment and addresses the unique characteristics and mechanisms of lasers exclusively used in each study. All the findings suggest that the LAVP can lead to methodological breakthroughs in dry etching, 2D material synthesis, and chemical vapor deposition for optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunseung Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonmyung Choi
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjoon Hong
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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Garfinkel DA, Tang N, Pakeltis G, Emery R, Ivanov IN, Gilbert DA, Rack PD. Magnetic and Optical Properties of Au-Co Solid Solution and Phase-Separated Thin Films and Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15047-15058. [PMID: 35333040 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition and morphology of AuxCo1-x thin films and nanoparticles are controlled via a combination of cosputtering, pulsed laser-induced dewetting (PLiD), and annealing, leading to tunable magnetic and optical properties. Regardless of chemical composition, the as-deposited thin films and as-PLiD nanoparticles are found to possess a face-centered cubic (FCC) AuxCo1-x solid-solution crystal structure. Annealing results in large phase-separated grains of Au and Co in both the thin films and nanostructures for all chemical compositions. The magnetic and optical properties are characterized via vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), ellipsometry, optical transmission spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Despite the exceptionally high magnetic anisotropy inherent to Co, the presence of sufficient Au (72 atom %) in the AuxCo1-x solid solution results in superparamagnetic thin films. Among the as-PLiD nanoparticle samples, an increased Co composition leads to a departure from traditional ferromagnetism in favor of wasp-waisted hysteresis caused by magnetic vortices. Phase separation resulting from annealing leads to ferromagnetism for all compositions in both the thin films and nanoparticles. The optical properties of AuxCo1-x nanostructures are also largely influenced by the chemical morphology, where the AuxCo1-x intermixed solid solution has significantly damped plasmonic performance relative to pure Au and comparable to pure Co. Phase separation greatly enhances the quality factor, optical absorption, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) signatures. The enhancement of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) scales with the reduction in Co composition, despite EELS evidence that excitation of the Co portions of a nanoparticle can provide a similar, and in some instances enhanced, LSPR resonance compared to Au. This behavior, however, is seemingly limited to the LSPR dipole mode, while higher-order modes are greatly damped by a Co aloof position. This observed magneto-plasmonic functionality and tunability could be applicable in biomedicine, namely, cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Garfinkel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Nan Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Grace Pakeltis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Reece Emery
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ilia N Ivanov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Dustin A Gilbert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Philip D Rack
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Allen FI. A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:633-664. [PMID: 34285866 PMCID: PMC8261528 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The helium ion microscope has emerged as a multifaceted instrument enabling a broad range of applications beyond imaging in which the finely focused helium ion beam is used for a variety of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication tasks. Operation of the ion source with neon has extended the reach of this technology even further. This paper reviews the materials modification research that has been enabled by the helium ion microscope since its commercialization in 2007, ranging from fundamental studies of beam-sample effects, to the prototyping of new devices with features in the sub-10 nm domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances I Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Li P, Chen S, Dai H, Yang Z, Chen Z, Wang Y, Chen Y, Peng W, Shan W, Duan H. Recent advances in focused ion beam nanofabrication for nanostructures and devices: fundamentals and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1529-1565. [PMID: 33432962 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07539f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed growing research interest in developing powerful nanofabrication technologies for three-dimensional (3D) structures and devices to achieve nano-scale and nano-precision manufacturing. Among the various fabrication techniques, focused ion beam (FIB) nanofabrication has been established as a well-suited and promising technique in nearly all fields of nanotechnology for the fabrication of 3D nanostructures and devices because of increasing demands from industry and research. In this article, a series of FIB nanofabrication factors related to the fabrication of 3D nanostructures and devices, including mechanisms, instruments, processes, and typical applications of FIB nanofabrication, are systematically summarized and analyzed in detail. Additionally, current challenges and future development trends of FIB nanofabrication in this field are also given. This work intends to provide guidance for practitioners, researchers, or engineers who wish to learn more about the FIB nanofabrication technology that is driving the revolution in 3D nanostructures and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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Zhang C, Dyck O, Garfinkel DA, Stanford MG, Belianinov AA, Fowlkes JD, Jesse S, Rack PD. Addendum: Zhang, C., et al. Pulsed Laser-Assisted Helium Ion Nanomachining of Monolayer Graphene—Direct-Write Kirigami Patterns. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1394. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:273. [PMCID: PMC7075130 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.Z.); (D.A.G.); (M.G.S.)
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (O.D.); (A.A.B.); (J.D.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Ondrej Dyck
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (O.D.); (A.A.B.); (J.D.F.); (S.J.)
| | - David A. Garfinkel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.Z.); (D.A.G.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Michael G. Stanford
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.Z.); (D.A.G.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Alex A. Belianinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (O.D.); (A.A.B.); (J.D.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Jason D. Fowlkes
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (O.D.); (A.A.B.); (J.D.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Stephen Jesse
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (O.D.); (A.A.B.); (J.D.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Philip D. Rack
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.Z.); (D.A.G.); (M.G.S.)
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (O.D.); (A.A.B.); (J.D.F.); (S.J.)
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