1
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Patel A, Clark KD. Characterizing RNA modifications in the central nervous system and single cells by RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04604-y. [PMID: 36840809 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modifications to RNA constitute a newly appreciated layer of translation regulation in the central nervous system (CNS). The identity, stoichiometric quantity, and sequence position of these unusual epitranscriptomic marks are central to their function, making analytical methods that are capable of accurate and reproducible measurements paramount to the characterization of the neuro-epitranscriptome. RNA sequencing-based methods and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques have been leveraged to provide an early glimpse of the landscape of RNA modifications in bulk CNS tissues. However, recent advances in sample preparation, separations, and detection methods have revealed that individual cells display remarkable heterogeneity in their RNA modification profiles, raising questions about the prevalence and function of cell-specific distributions of post-transcriptionally modified nucleosides in the brain. In this Trends article, we present an overview of RNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS methodologies for the analysis of RNA modifications in the CNS with special emphasis on recent advancements in techniques that facilitate single-cell and subcellular detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Kevin D Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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2
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Roganović J, Petrović N. Clinical Perspectives of Non-Coding RNA in Oral Inflammatory Diseases and Neuropathic Pain: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158278. [PMID: 35955417 PMCID: PMC9368403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a research hotspot by playing a key role in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of diverse biological functions and due to their involvement in different diseases, including oral inflammatory diseases. Based on ncRNAs’ suitability for salivary biomarkers and their involvement in neuropathic pain and tissue regeneration signaling pathways, the present narrative review aims to highlight the potential clinical applications of ncRNAs in oral inflammatory diseases, with an emphasis on salivary diagnostics, regenerative dentistry, and precision medicine for neuropathic orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Roganović
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-641976330
| | - Nina Petrović
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Vázquez-Ágredos A, Gámiz F, Gallo M. MicroRNA Regulation of the Environmental Impact on Adolescent Neurobehavioral Development: A Systematic Review. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:956609. [PMID: 35936504 PMCID: PMC9352948 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.956609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a late developmental period marked by pronounced reorganization of brain networks in which epigenetic mechanisms play a fundamental role. This brain remodeling is associated with a peculiar behavior characterized by novelty seeking and risky activities such as alcohol and drug abuse, which is associated with increased susceptibility to stress. Hence, adolescence is a vulnerable postnatal period since short- and long-term deleterious effects of alcohol drinking and drug abuse are a serious worldwide public health concern. Among several other consequences, it has been proposed that exposure to stress, alcohol, or other drugs disrupts epigenetic mechanisms mediated by small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs). During adolescence, this modifies the expression of a variety of genes involved in neurodevelopmental processes such as proliferation, differentiation, synaptogenesis, neural plasticity, and apoptosis. Hence, the effect of miRNAs dysregulation during adolescence might contribute to a long-term impact on brain function. This systematic review focuses on the miRNA expression patterns in the adolescent rodent brain with special interest in the impact of stress and drugs such as amphetamine, cocaine, nicotine, cannabis, and ketamine. The results point to a relevant and complex role of miRNAs in the regulation of the molecular processes involved in adolescent brain development as part of a dynamic epigenetic network sensitive to environmental events with distinctive changes across adolescence. Several miRNAs have been assessed evidencing changing expression profiles during the adolescent transition which are altered by exposure to stress and drug abuse. Since this is an emerging rapidly growing field, updating the present knowledge will contribute to improving our understanding of the epigenetic regulation mechanisms involved in the neurodevelopmental changes responsible for adolescent behavior. It can be expected that increased knowledge of the molecular mechanisms mediating the effect of environmental threats during the adolescent critical developmental period will improve understanding of psychiatric and addictive disorders emerging at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vázquez-Ágredos
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Gámiz
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Milagros Gallo
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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4
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Vaasjo LO. LncRNAs and Chromatin Modifications Pattern m6A Methylation at the Untranslated Regions of mRNAs. Front Genet 2022; 13:866772. [PMID: 35368653 PMCID: PMC8968631 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.866772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New roles for RNA in mediating gene expression are being discovered at an alarming rate. A broad array of pathways control patterning of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation on RNA transcripts. This review comprehensively discusses long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as an additional dynamic regulator of m6A methylation, with a focus on the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs. Although there is extensive literature describing m6A modification of lncRNA, the function of lncRNA in guiding m6A writers has not been thoroughly explored. The independent control of lncRNA expression, its heterogeneous roles in RNA metabolism, and its interactions with epigenetic machinery, alludes to their potential in dynamic patterning of m6A methylation. While epigenetic regulation by histone modification of H3K36me3 has been demonstrated to pattern RNA m6A methylation, these modifications were specific to the coding and 3′UTR regions. However, there are observations that 5′UTR m6A is distinct from that of the coding and 3′UTR regions, and substantial evidence supports the active regulation of 5′UTR m6A methylation. Consequently, two potential mechanisms in patterning the UTRs m6A methylation are discussed; (1) Anti-sense lncRNA (AS-lncRNA) can either bind directly to the UTR, or (2) act indirectly via recruitment of chromatin-modifying complexes to pattern m6A. Both pathways can guide the m6A writer complex, facilitate m6A methylation and modulate protein translation. Findings in the lncRNA-histone-m6A axis could potentially contribute to the discovery of new functions of lncRNAs and clarify lncRNA-m6A findings in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee O. Vaasjo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lee O. Vaasjo,
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5
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Ow MC, Hall SE. piRNAs and endo-siRNAs: Small molecules with large roles in the nervous system. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105086. [PMID: 34082061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, small non-coding RNAs have emerged as powerhouses in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. In addition to guarding the integrity of the reproductive system, small non-coding RNAs play critical roles in the maintenance of the soma. Accumulating evidence indicates that small non-coding RNAs perform vital functions in the animal nervous system such as restricting the activity of deleterious transposable elements, regulating nerve regeneration, and mediating learning and memory. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the contribution of two major classes of small non-coding RNAs, piRNAs and endo-siRNAs, to the nervous system development and function, and present highlights on how the dysregulation of small non-coding RNA pathways can assist in understanding the neuropathology of human neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Ow
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Sarah E Hall
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
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6
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Markelova N, Glazunova O, Alikina O, Panyukov V, Shavkunov K, Ozoline O. Suppression of Escherichia coli Growth Dynamics via RNAs Secreted by Competing Bacteria. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:609979. [PMID: 33937321 PMCID: PMC8082180 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.609979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of secreted RNAs, it has become apparent that the biological role of regulatory oligonucleotides likely goes beyond the borders of individual cells. However, the mechanisms of their action are still comprehended only in general terms and mainly for eukaryotic microRNAs, which can interfere with mRNAs even in distant recipient cells. It has recently become clear that bacterial cells lacking interference systems can also respond to eukaryotic microRNAs that have targets in their genomes. However, the question of whether bacteria can perceive information transmitted by oligonucleotides secreted by other prokaryotes remained open. Here we evaluated the fraction of short RNAs secreted by Escherichia coli during individual and mixed growth with Rhodospirillum rubrum or Prevotella copri, and found that in the presence of other bacteria E. coli tends to excrete oligonucleotides homologous to alien genomes. Based on this observation, we selected four RNAs secreted by either R. rubrum or P. copri, together with one E. coli-specific oligonucleotide. Both fragments of R. rubrum 23S-RNA suppressed the growth of E. coli. Of the two fragments secreted by P. copri, one abolished the stimulatory effect of E. coli RNA derived from the 3'-UTR of ProA mRNA, while the other inhibited bacterial growth only in the double-stranded state with complementary RNA. The ability of two RNAs secreted by cohabiting bacteria to enter E. coli cells was demonstrated using confocal microscopy. Since selected E. coli-specific RNA also affected the growth of this bacterium, we conclude that bacterial RNAs can participate in inter- and intraspecies signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Markelova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga Glazunova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga Alikina
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Valeriy Panyukov
- Department of Structural and Functional Genomics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.,Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Konstantin Shavkunov
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.,Department of Structural and Functional Genomics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga Ozoline
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.,Department of Structural and Functional Genomics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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7
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Liau WS, Samaddar S, Banerjee S, Bredy TW. On the functional relevance of spatiotemporally-specific patterns of experience-dependent long noncoding RNA expression in the brain. RNA Biol 2021; 18:1025-1036. [PMID: 33397182 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1868165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of transcriptionally active RNA derived from the mammalian genome does not code for protein. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is the most abundant form of noncoding RNA found in the brain and is involved in many aspects of cellular metabolism. Beyond their fundamental role in the nucleus as decoys for RNA-binding proteins associated with alternative splicing or as guides for the epigenetic regulation of protein-coding gene expression, recent findings indicate that activity-induced lncRNAs also regulate neural plasticity. In this review, we discuss how lncRNAs may exert molecular control over brain function beyond their known roles in the nucleus. We propose that subcellular localization is a critical feature of experience-dependent lncRNA activity in the brain, and that lncRNA-mediated control over RNA metabolism at the synapse serves to regulate local mRNA stability and translation, thereby influencing neuronal function, learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Siang Liau
- Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Timothy W Bredy
- Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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8
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Xu N, Chen J, He G, Gao L, Zhang D. Prognostic values of m6A RNA methylation regulators in differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:5187-5197. [PMID: 32742465 PMCID: PMC7378910 DOI: 10.7150/jca.41193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification of RNA in mammals. m6A RNA methylation levels are dynamically regulated by m6A RNA methylation regulators. While increasing evidence has suggested that m6A RNA methylation is vital in the initiation and progression of human carcinoma, little is known about the expression and effect of m6A RNA methylation regulators in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Herein, we demonstrate that most of the thirteen main m6A RNA methylation regulators are differentially expressed in DTC tissues and normal thyroid tissues. Based on consensus clustering of m6A RNA methylation regulators, DTC cases were divided into two subgroups (TC1 and TC2). Compared with the TC1 subgroup, the TC2 subgroup was associated with a poorer prognosis, older age, higher T grade, higher N grade and higher TNM stage. The results indicated that alteration of m6A RNA methylation regulators was closely related to DTC. We further established a risk signature of four m6A RNA methylation regulators that could evaluate prognosis and clinicopathological features in DTC. Finally, the results of the TCGA analysis were verified by other cohorts from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In conclusion, m6A RNA methylation regulators play a crucial part in the progression of DTC and are potentially useful for evaluating the prognosis and providing potential novel insights into treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizhen Xu
- Department of Head and Neck surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Head and Neck surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Gaofei He
- Department of Head and Neck surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Head and Neck surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Deguang Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
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9
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Chai RC, Wu F, Wang QX, Zhang S, Zhang KN, Liu YQ, Zhao Z, Jiang T, Wang YZ, Kang CS. m 6A RNA methylation regulators contribute to malignant progression and have clinical prognostic impact in gliomas. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:1204-1225. [PMID: 30810537 PMCID: PMC6402513 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, associated with cancer initiation and progression, is dynamically regulated by the m6A RNA methylation regulators (“writers”, “erasers” and “readers”). Here, we demonstrate that most of the thirteen main m6A RNA methylation regulators are differentially expressed among gliomas stratified by different clinicopathological features in 904 gliomas. We identified two subgroups of gliomas (RM1/2) by applying consensus clustering to m6A RNA methylation regulators. Compared with the RM1 subgroup, the RM2 subgroup correlates with a poorer prognosis, higher WHO grade, and lower frequency of IDH mutation. Moreover, the hallmarks of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TNFα signaling via NF-κB are also significantly enriched in the RM2 subgroup. This finding indicates that m6A RNA methylation regulators are closely associated with glioma malignancy. Based on this finding, we derived a risk signature, using seven m6A RNA methylation regulators, that is not only an independent prognostic marker but can also predict the clinicopathological features of gliomas. Moreover, m6A regulators are associated with the mesenchymal subtype and TMZ sensitivity in GBM. In conclusion, m6A RNA methylation regulators are crucial participants in the malignant progression of gliomas and are potentially useful for prognostic stratification and treatment strategy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Chao Chai
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100160, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100160, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)
| | - Qi-Xue Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)
| | - Shu Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ke-Nan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100160, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100160, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100160, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100160, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100160, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)
| | - Yong-Zhi Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100160, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100160, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA)
| | - Chun-Sheng Kang
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Variation, and Regeneration, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Municipal Government, Tianjin 300052, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA).,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
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10
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Santoro A, Chianese R, Troisi J, Richards S, Nori SL, Fasano S, Guida M, Plunk E, Viggiano A, Pierantoni R, Meccariello R. Neuro-toxic and Reproductive Effects of BPA. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:1109-1132. [PMID: 31362658 PMCID: PMC7057208 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190726112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. It has recognized activity as an endocrine-disrupting chemical and has suspected roles as a neurological and reproductive toxicant. It interferes in steroid signaling, induces oxidative stress, and affects gene expression epigenetically. Gestational, perinatal and neonatal exposures to BPA affect developmental processes, including brain development and gametogenesis, with consequences on brain functions, behavior, and fertility. Methods: This review critically analyzes recent findings on the neuro-toxic and reproductive effects of BPA (and its ana-logues), with focus on neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, glia and microglia activity, cognitive functions, and the central and local control of reproduction. Results: BPA has potential human health hazard associated with gestational, peri- and neonatal exposure. Beginning with BPA’s disposition, this review summarizes recent findings on the neurotoxicity of BPA and its analogues, on neuronal dif-ferentiation, synaptic plasticity, neuro-inflammation, neuro-degeneration, and impairment of cognitive abilities. Furthermore, it reports the recent findings on the activity of BPA along the HPG axis, effects on the hypothalamic Gonadotropin Releas-ing Hormone (GnRH), and the associated effects on reproduction in both sexes and successful pregnancy. Conclusion: BPA and its analogues impair neuronal activity, HPG axis function, reproduction, and fertility. Contrasting re-sults have emerged in animal models and human. Thus, further studies are needed to better define their safety levels. This re-view offers new insights on these issues with the aim to find the “fil rouge”, if any, that characterize BPA’s mechanism of action with outcomes on neuronal function and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Rosanna Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,Theoreo srl - Spin-off company of the University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Sean Richards
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chattanooga, TN, United States.,Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Stefania Lucia Nori
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Silvia Fasano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,Theoreo srl - Spin-off company of the University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Plunk
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pierantoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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11
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Roy R, Shiina N, Wang DO. More dynamic, more quantitative, unexpectedly intricate: Advanced understanding on synaptic RNA localization in learning and memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 168:107149. [PMID: 31881355 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic signaling exhibits great diversity, complexity, and plasticity which necessitates maintenance and rapid modification of a local proteome. One solution neurons actively exploit to meet such demands is the strategic deposition of mRNAs encoding proteins for both basal and experience-driven activities into ribonucleoprotein complexes at the synapse. Transcripts localized in this manner can be rapidly accessed for translation in response to a diverse range of stimuli in a temporal- and spatially-restricted manner. Here we review recent findings on localized RNAs and RNA binding proteins in the context of learning and memory, as revealed by cutting-edge in-vitro and in-vivo technologies capable of yielding quantitative and dynamic information. The new technologies include proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, high-resolution multiplexed RNA imaging, single-molecule RNA tracking in living neurons, animal models and human neuron cell models. Among many recent advances in the field, RNA chemical modification has emerged as one of the new regulatory layers of gene expression at synapse that is complex and yet largely unexplored. These exciting new discoveries have enhanced our understanding of the modulation mechanisms of synaptic gene expression and their roles in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Roy
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shiina
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan; Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, Okazaki, Japan.
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, China; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; The Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research (K-CONNEX), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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