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Casamassa A, Rotundo G, Ceresoni C, Turco EM, Torrente I, Candido O, Nicita F, Tonduti D, Bertini E, Marano M, Ferrari D, Cereda C, Pennuto M, Vescovi AL, Carelli S, Rosati J. Production of an induced pluripotent stem cell line CSSi018-A (14192) from a patient with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 7 (HLD7) carrying biallelic variants of POLR3A (c.1802 T > A; c.4072G > A). Stem Cell Res 2024; 78:103468. [PMID: 38852424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLD) are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders characterized by a deficit in myelin deposition during brain development. Specifically, 4H-Leukodystrophy is a recessive disease due to biallelic mutations in the POLR3A gene, which encodes one of the subunits forming the catalytic core of RNA polymerase III (PolIII). The disease also presents non-neurological signs such as hypodontia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Here, we report the generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line from fibroblasts of the first identified carrier of the biallelic POLR3A variants c.1802 T > A and c.4072G > A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Casamassa
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovannina Rotundo
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ceresoni
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Elisa Maria Turco
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Isabella Torrente
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ornella Candido
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicita
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Tonduti
- COALA (Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Marano
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Department of Women, Mothers and Neonatal Care, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", Milano 20154, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milano, Milano 20157, Italy
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
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Xu W, Chen K, Yuan Y, Guo M, Dong Q, Cui M. Ring finger protein 216 loss-of-function induces white matter hyperintensities by inhibiting oligodendroglia proliferation. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4057. [PMID: 38853469 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) refer to a group of diseases with numerous etiologies while oligodendrocytes remain the centerpiece in the pathogenesis of WMHs. Ring Finger Protein 216 (RNF216) encodes a ubiquitin ligase, and its mutation begets WMHs, ataxia, and cognitive decline in patients. Yet no study has revealed the function of RNF216 in oligodendroglia and WHIs before. In this study, we summarized the phenotypes of RNF216-mutation cases and explored the normal distribution of RNF216 in distinct brain regions and neuronal cells by bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, MO3.13, a human oligodendrocyte cell line, was applied to study the function alteration after RNF216 knockdown. As a result, WMHs were the most common symptom in RNF216-mutated diseases, and RNF216 was indeed relatively enriched in corpus callosum and oligodendroglia in humans. The downregulation of RNF216 in oligodendroglia remarkably hampered cell proliferation by inhibiting the Akt pathway while having no significant effect on cell injury and oligodendrocyte maturation. Combining clinical, bioinformatical, and experimental evidence, our study implied the pivotal role of RNF216 in WMHs which might serve as a potent target in the therapy of WMHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keliang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ungar RA, Goddard PC, Jensen TD, Degalez F, Smith KS, Jin CA, Bonner DE, Bernstein JA, Wheeler MT, Montgomery SB. Impact of genome build on RNA-seq interpretation and diagnostics. Am J Hum Genet 2024:S0002-9297(24)00168-X. [PMID: 38834072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomics is a powerful tool for unraveling the molecular effects of genetic variants and disease diagnosis. Prior studies have demonstrated that choice of genome build impacts variant interpretation and diagnostic yield for genomic analyses. To identify the extent genome build also impacts transcriptomics analyses, we studied the effect of the hg19, hg38, and CHM13 genome builds on expression quantification and outlier detection in 386 rare disease and familial control samples from both the Undiagnosed Diseases Network and Genomics Research to Elucidate the Genetics of Rare Disease Consortium. Across six routinely collected biospecimens, 61% of quantified genes were not influenced by genome build. However, we identified 1,492 genes with build-dependent quantification, 3,377 genes with build-exclusive expression, and 9,077 genes with annotation-specific expression across six routinely collected biospecimens, including 566 clinically relevant and 512 known OMIM genes. Further, we demonstrate that between builds for a given gene, a larger difference in quantification is well correlated with a larger change in expression outlier calling. Combined, we provide a database of genes impacted by build choice and recommend that transcriptomics-guided analyses and diagnoses are cross referenced with these data for robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Ungar
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pagé C Goddard
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tanner D Jensen
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin S Smith
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Jin
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Devon E Bonner
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Zhang W, Yin J, Deng Y, Gong Y, Sun X, Chen J. Prostaglandin E2 promotes Th17 differentiation induces corneal epithelial cell apoptosis and participates in the progression of dry eye. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 751:109823. [PMID: 37984760 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study is mainly based on T helper type 17 (Th17) cells analysis of the mechanism of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promoting the progression of dry eye (DE). Scopolamine and dry environment were used to induce mice DE model. Celecoxib was used to inhibit PGE2. Corneal epithelial cells and CD4+ T cells were used to construct a co-culture system. The osmotic pressure was increased by adding NaCl to simulate DE in vitro. AH6809 and E7046 were used to pre-culture to inhibit EP2/4 in T cells to verify the effect of exogenous PGE2 on Th17 cell differentiation and corneal epithelial cell apoptosis. The function of Th17 cells was analyzed by detecting RORγt and interleukin-17 (IL-17). PGE2 was instilled on the ocular surface to induce DE symptoms of mice. AH6809 and E7046 were used to inhibit EP2/4. The corneal epithelial cell apoptosis was observed by TUNEL. The proportion of Th17 cells in corneal tissue and draining lymph nodes (DLNs) was detected by flow cytometry. In DE mice, the concentration of PGE2 and IL-17 increased in tears, and the proportion of Th17 increased, while inhibition of PGE2 alleviated the symptoms of DE and inhibited Th17 differentiation. Hypertonic environment induces corneal epithelial cells to secrete PGE2. PGE2 promoted the expression of EP2/4 and the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro. The hypertonic environment promoted PGE2 level and the apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells in the co-culture system. PGE2 alone did not cause corneal epithelial cell apoptosis, while PGE2 promoted apoptosis by promoting Th17. Blocking EP2/4 reduced the induction of Th17 differentiation by PGE2 and the promoted corneal epithelial cell apoptosis. Animal experiments showed that exogenous PGE2 induced DE symptoms. Blocking EP2/4 not only inhibited the proportion of Th17, but also alleviated the apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells caused by PGE2. PGE2 induces aggravation of inflammation by promoting the level of Th17 in the ocular surface, and causes corneal epithelial cell apoptosis, thereby participating in the progression of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianwei Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yachun Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Sun L, Lin W, Meng H, Zhang W, Hou S. A Chinese patient with POLR3A-related leukodystrophy: a case report and literature review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1269237. [PMID: 37965164 PMCID: PMC10641775 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1269237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leukodystrophies are hereditary white matter diseases characterized by genetic polymorphisms and considerable phenotypic variability. They can be classified into myelin and non-myelin malformations. These diseases are rare, affecting 1 out of 250,000-500,000 individuals and can manifest at any age. A subtype of leukodystrophy, associated with missense mutations in the RNA polymerase subunit III (POLR3A) gene, is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Case report We report and analyse a case of a 34-year-old female who presented with ataxia. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed demyelinating lesions in the white matter. Genetic testing identified the c.4044C > G and c.1186-2A > G variants in the POLR3A gene. The patient was diagnosed with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 7 and received neurotrophic and symptomatic supportive therapy. However, after 1 month of follow-up, there was no improvement in her symptoms. Conclusion POLR3A-induced leukodystrophy is relatively rare and not well understood, making it challenging to diagnose and easy to overlook. The prognosis for this disease is generally poor, significantly impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. Currently, no cure is available for this condition, and treatment is limited to managing symptoms. Further research into new treatment methods for POLR3A-induced leukodystrophy is imperative to improve the quality of life and potentially extend the life expectancy of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuai Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Torii T, Yamauchi J. Molecular Pathogenic Mechanisms of Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophies (HLDs). Neurol Int 2023; 15:1155-1173. [PMID: 37755363 PMCID: PMC10538087 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs) represent a group of congenital rare diseases for which the responsible genes have been identified in recent studies. In this review, we briefly describe the genetic/molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HLD and the normal cellular functions of the related genes and proteins. An increasing number of studies have reported genetic mutations that cause protein misfolding, protein dysfunction, and/or mislocalization associated with HLD. Insight into the mechanisms of these pathways can provide new findings for the clinical treatments of HLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Torii
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-shi 610-0394, Japan
- Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-shi 610-0394, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku 157-8535, Japan
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7
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Rocha DN, Carvalho ED, Pires LR, Gardin C, Zanolla I, Szewczyk PK, Machado C, Fernandes R, Stachewicz U, Zavan B, Relvas JB, Pêgo AP. It takes two to remyelinate: A bioengineered platform to study astrocyte-oligodendrocyte crosstalk and potential therapeutic targets in remyelination. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213429. [PMID: 37148597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of the myelin sheath insulating axons is the hallmark of demyelinating diseases. These pathologies often lead to irreversible neurological impairment and patient disability. No effective therapies are currently available to promote remyelination. Several elements contribute to the inadequacy of remyelination, thus understanding the intricacies of the cellular and signaling microenvironment of the remyelination niche might help us to devise better strategies to enhance remyelination. Here, using a new in vitro rapid myelinating artificial axon system based on engineered microfibres, we investigated how reactive astrocytes influence oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination ability. This artificial axon culture system enables the effective uncoupling of molecular cues from the biophysical properties of the axons, allowing the detailed study of the astrocyte-OL crosstalk. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were cultured on poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) copolymer electrospun microfibres that served as surrogate axons. This platform was then combined with a previously established tissue engineered glial scar model of astrocytes embedded in 1 % (w/v) alginate matrices, in which astrocyte reactive phenotype was acquired using meningeal fibroblast conditioned medium. OPCs were shown to adhere to uncoated engineered microfibres and differentiate into myelinating OL. Reactive astrocytes were found to significantly impair OL differentiation ability, after six and eight days in a co-culture system. Differentiation impairment was seen to be correlated with astrocytic miRNA release through exosomes. We found significantly reduction on the expression of pro-myelinating miRNAs (miR-219 and miR-338) and an increase in anti-myelinating miRNA (miR-125a-3p) content between reactive and quiescent astrocytes. Additionally, we show that OPC differentiation inhibition could be reverted by rescuing the activated astrocytic phenotype with ibuprofen, a chemical inhibitor of the small rhoGTPase RhoA. Overall, these findings show that modulating astrocytic function might be an interesting therapeutic avenue for demyelinating diseases. The use of these engineered microfibres as an artificial axon culture system will enable the screening for potential therapeutic agents that promote OL differentiation and myelination while providing valuable insight on the myelination/remyelination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N Rocha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva D Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana R Pires
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Chiara Gardin
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanolla
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piotr K Szewczyk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Cláudia Machado
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Fernandes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-343 Porto, Portugal.
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Yoon Han J, Gon Cho Y, Park J, Jang W. A novel variant of the POLR3A gene in a patient with hypomyelinating POLR3-related leukodystrophy. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 533:15-21. [PMID: 35691411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomyelinating POLR3-related leukodystrophy is a group of rare neurological diseases characterized by degeneration of the white matter of the brain with different combinations of major clinical findings. Here we report the first Korean POLR3-related leukodystrophy caused by bi-allelic POLR3A c.1771-6C > G and novel c.1650_1661del variants. METHODS An 18-month-old girl was admitted for evaluation of a seizure-like activity with spasticity that affected her entire body. She showed dental abnormalities, but not suspicious facial dysmorphism. She was in a bed-ridden state with severe cognitive impairments and episodes of dystonic posturing for 1-2 min. Trio exome sequencing (ES) was performed to determine the potential genetic cause of severe developmental delay with leukodystrophy in our proband. RESULTS Trio ES revealed that bi-allelic POLR3A deleterious variants, c.1650_1661del of the exon 13, and c.1771-6C > G of the intron 13 were best candidate as causes of hypomyelinating POLR3-related leukodystrophy. Sanger sequencing confirmed the genetic origin of these POLR3A deleterious variants as autosomal recessive hereditary transmission. CONCLUSION Our report provides additional evidence for a phenotypic continuum of hypomyelinating POLR3-related leukodystrophy caused by bi-allelic POLR3A variants. Further genetic studies are required to understand underlying pleiotropic effects of different POLR3A variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Han
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Gon Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
| | - Woori Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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Hesperetin, a Citrus Flavonoid, Ameliorates Inflammatory Cytokine-Mediated Inhibition of Oligodendroglial Cell Morphological Differentiation. Neurol Int 2022; 14:471-487. [PMID: 35736620 PMCID: PMC9230394 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (oligodendroglial cells) are glial cells that wrap neuronal axons with their differentiated plasma membranes called myelin membranes. In the pathogenesis of inflammatory cytokine-related oligodendroglial cell and myelin diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), typical inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are thought to contribute to the degeneration and/or progression of the degeneration of oligodendroglial cells and, in turn, the degeneration of naked neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) tissues. Despite the known involvement of these inflammatory cytokines in disease progression, it has remained unclear whether and how TNFα or IL-6 affects the oligodendroglial cells themselves or indirectly. Here we show that TNFα or IL-6 directly inhibits morphological differentiation in FBD-102b cells, which are differentiation models of oligodendroglial cells. Their phenotype changes were supported by the decreased expression levels of oligodendroglial cell differentiation and myelin marker proteins. In addition, TNFα or IL-6 decreased phosphorylation levels of Akt kinase, whose upregulation has been associated with promoting oligodendroglial cell differentiation. Hesperetin, a flavonoid mainly contained in citrus fruit, is known to have neuroprotective effects. Hesperetin might also be able to resolve pre-illness conditions, including the irregulated secretion of cytokines, through diet. Notably, the addition of hesperetin into cells recovered TNFα- or IL-6-induced inhibition of differentiation, as supported by increased levels of marker protein expression and phosphorylation of Akt kinase. These results suggest that TNFα or IL-6 itself contributes to the inhibitory effects on the morphological differentiation of oligodendroglial cells, possibly providing information not only on their underlying pathological effects but also on flavonoids with potential therapeutic effects at the molecular and cellular levels.
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10
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Sawaguchi S, Suzuki R, Oizumi H, Ohbuchi K, Mizoguchi K, Yamamoto M, Miyamoto Y, Yamauchi J. Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy 8 (HLD8)-Associated Mutation of POLR3B Leads to Defective Oligodendroglial Morphological Differentiation Whose Effect Is Reversed by Ibuprofen. Neurol Int 2022; 14:212-244. [PMID: 35225888 PMCID: PMC8884015 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
POLR3B and POLR3A are the major subunits of RNA polymerase III, which synthesizes non-coding RNAs such as tRNAs and rRNAs. Nucleotide mutations of the RNA polymerase 3 subunit b (polr3b) gene are responsible for hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 8 (HLD8), which is an autosomal recessive oligodendroglial cell disease. Despite the important association between POLR3B mutation and HLD8, it remains unclear how mutated POLR3B proteins cause oligodendroglial cell abnormalities. Herein, we show that a severe HLD8-associated nonsense mutation (Arg550-to-Ter (R550X)) primarily localizes POLR3B proteins as protein aggregates into lysosomes in the FBD-102b cell line as an oligodendroglial precursor cell model. Conversely, wild type POLR3B proteins were not localized in lysosomes. Additionally, the expression of proteins with the R550X mutation in cells decreased lysosome-related signaling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Cells harboring the mutant constructs did not exhibit oligodendroglial cell differentiated phenotypes, which have widespread membranes that extend from their cell body. However, cells harboring the wild type constructs exhibited differentiated phenotypes. Ibuprofen, which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), improved the defects in their differentiation phenotypes and signaling through mTOR. These results indicate that the HLD8-associated POLR3B proteins with the R550X mutation are localized in lysosomes, decrease mTOR signaling, and inhibit oligodendroglial cell morphological differentiation, and ibuprofen improves these cellular pathological effects. These findings may reveal some of the molecular and cellular pathological mechanisms underlying HLD8 and their amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Sawaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan; (S.S.); (R.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Rimi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan; (S.S.); (R.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hiroaki Oizumi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki 200-1192, Japan; (H.O.); (K.O.); (K.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki 200-1192, Japan; (H.O.); (K.O.); (K.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Kazushige Mizoguchi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki 200-1192, Japan; (H.O.); (K.O.); (K.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki 200-1192, Japan; (H.O.); (K.O.); (K.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan; (S.S.); (R.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya 157-8535, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan; (S.S.); (R.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya 157-8535, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-676-7164; Fax: +81-42-676-8841
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