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Nouchi R, Butler LT, Lamport D, Nouchi H, Kawashima R. Acute Benefits of Acidified Milk Drinks with 10-g and 15-g Protein on Shifting and Updating Performances in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020431. [PMID: 36678302 PMCID: PMC9860894 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has shown that protein-rich milk drinks can rapidly improve cognitive performance. However, the optimum doses of milk protein that are needed to improve cognitive function remain to be investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether acidified milk drinks with 10-g and 15-g milk protein have acute benefits on key cognitive functions in healthy young adults. DESIGN In this double-blinded randomized control trial, 66 young adults were randomly assigned to one of three groups (0-g, 10-g, and 15-g milk protein groups). Key cognitive functions (processing speed, inhibition, shifting, updating, and working memory capacity) were assessed before and 15 and 60 min after the drink intake. RESULTS We found that the shifting performance improved at 15 min after intake of the acidified 10-g and 15-g milk protein drinks compared to intake of the 0-g milk protein drink, and this acute effect of the acidified 15-g milk protein drink lasted for 60 min. In addition, updating performance improved at 60 min after intake of the acidified 10-g and 15-g milk protein drinks compared to intake of the 0-g milk protein drink. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the acidified 10-g and 15-g milk protein drinks have an acute benefit on shifting and updating performance in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Laurie T. Butler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Daniel Lamport
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AL, UK
| | - Haruka Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Kanatome A, Takara T, Umeda S, Ano Y. Effects of matured hop bitter acids on heart rate variability and cognitive performance: A randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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The impact of glycaemic load on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis and guiding principles for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104824. [PMID: 35963545 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of breakfast glycaemic load (GL) on cognition was systematically examined. Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials were identified using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (up to May 2022). 15 studies involving adults (aged 20 - 80 years) were included. Studies had a low risk, or some concerns, of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis model revealed no effect of GL on cognition up to 119 min post-consumption. However, after 120 min, immediate episodic memory scores were better following a low-GL compared to a high-GL (SMD = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.00 to 0.32, p = 0.05, I2 = 5%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the benefit was greater in younger adults (<35 years) and those with better GT. A qualitative synthesis of 16 studies involving children and adolescents (aged 5 - 17 years) suggested that a low-GL breakfast may also benefit episodic memory and attention after 120 min. Methodological practises were identified which could explain a failure to detect benefits in some studies. Consequently, guiding principles were developed to optimise future study design.
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Fujino M, Fukuda J, Isogai H, Ogaki T, Mawatari S, Takaki A, Wakana C, Fujino T. Orally Administered Plasmalogens Alleviate Negative Mood States and Enhance Mental Concentration: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:894734. [PMID: 35721497 PMCID: PMC9203127 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.894734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasmalogens have been shown to improve neurodegenerative pathology and cognitive function. We hypothesized that plasmalogens work in small amounts as a kind of hormone interacting with a G protein-coupled receptor, and then explored the effects of scallop-derived purified plasmalogens on psychobehavioral conditions in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of college athletes in Japan. Methods and materials: Eligible participants were male students aged 18–22 years who belonged to university athletic clubs. They were randomly allocated to either plasmalogen (2 mg per day) or placebo treatment of 4 weeks’ duration. The primary outcome was the T-score of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) 2–Adult Short, and the secondary outcomes included the seven individual scales of the POMS 2, other psychobehavioral measures, physical performance, and laboratory measurements. The trial was registered at the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs071190028). Results: Forty participants (20 in the plasmalogen group and 20 in the placebo group) completed the 4-week treatment. The Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score of the plasmalogen group showed a greater decrease at 4 weeks than that of the placebo group while the between-group difference was marginally significant (p = 0.07). The anger-hostility and fatigue-inertia scores of the POMS 2 decreased significantly in the plasmalogen group, but not in the placebo group, at 4 weeks. Between-group differences in those scores were highly significant (p = 0.003 for anger-hostility and p = 0.005 for fatigue-inertia). The plasmalogen group showed a slight decrease in the Athens Insomnia Scale at 2 weeks, and the between-group difference was near-significant (p = 0.07). The elapsed time in minute patterns on the Uchida-Kraepelin test, which is a marker of mental concentration, revealed significantly greater performance in the plasmalogen group than in the placebo group. There were no between-group differences in physical and laboratory measurements. Conclusion: It is suggested that orally administered plasmalogens alleviate negative mood states and sleep problems, and also enhance mental concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Fukuda
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Isogai
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ogaki
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Mawatari
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takaki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Takehiko Fujino
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food, Fukuoka, Japan
- The Japanese Plasmalogen Society, Fukuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takehiko Fujino,
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Sasai M, Kato M, Ohsawa K, Sashihara K, Nakamura Y, Kaneko T. Effects of a single dose of tablets containing lactononadecapeptide on cognitive function in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:948-956. [PMID: 33580692 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lactononadecapeptide (LNDP; NIPPLTQTPVVVPPFLQPE) is a memory-improving peptide. The current study aimed to determine the effects of a single dose of tablets containing LNDP on cognitive function in healthy Japanese men aged 30-59 years. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in participants randomly assigned to receive LNDP or placebo tablets. The Uchida-Kraepelin test was used to induce cognitive load in participants as a model of work load. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of the CNS Vital Signs. Composite memory and verbal memory were significantly higher following consumption of LNDP than placebo tablets. Carryover effects were observed in attention and concentration domains so that period 1 data was analyzed. LNDP consumption led to higher processing speed, executive function, and cognitive flexibility than placebo. Thus, supplementation with a single dose of LNDP tablets may improve cognitive functions including memory, attention, concentration, and information processing in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Sasai
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Ohsawa
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koichi Sashihara
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nakamura
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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Ano Y, Kita M, Kobayashi K, Koikeda T, Kawashima R. Effects of β-Lactolin on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow within the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex during Working Memory Task in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030480. [PMID: 33525551 PMCID: PMC7865841 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported that consumption of dairy products rich in β-lactolin is beneficial for cognitive decline among elderly individuals. Although previous studies have shown that β-lactolin supplementation improves memory function and attention in healthy adults, the mechanism through which β-lactolin affects human brain function has yet to be elucidated. This placebo-controlled randomized double-blind study therefore examined the effects of β-lactolin on human regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines. A total of 114 healthy participants aged between 50 and 75 years with relatively low cognition were randomly allocated into the β-lactolin or placebo groups (n = 57 for both groups) and received supplementation for 6 weeks. After the 6 weeks of supplementation, total hemoglobin during cognitive tasks (Kraepelin and 2-back tasks) was measured using two-channel NIRS to determine rCBF. Accordingly, the β-lactolin group had significantly higher changes in total hemoglobin at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) area measured using the left-side channel during the 2-back tasks (p = 0.027) compared to the placebo group. The present study suggests that β-lactolin supplementation increases rCBF and DLPFC activity during working memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; (M.K.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Masahiro Kita
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; (M.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Keiko Kobayashi
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2, Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; (M.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Takashi Koikeda
- Shiba Palace Clinic, Daiwa A Hamamatsucho 6F, 1-9-10, Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0013, Japan;
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
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Nakashima A, Yasuda K, Murata A, Suzuki K, Miura N. Effects of Euglena gracilis Intake on Mood and Autonomic Activity under Mental Workload, and Subjective Sleep Quality: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113243. [PMID: 33113956 PMCID: PMC7690740 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the human body maintains homeostasis by altering the balance in the autonomic nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, a prolonged imbalance in these systems can result in physical and mental symptoms, including a decline in sleep quality and work efficiency. Euglena gracilis (Euglena) is a single-celled microalga with the properties of both plants and animals and contains abundant nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids, which have various beneficial health effects. This study evaluated the effects of Euglena intake on the mood states and stress coping under mental workload tasks, and subjective sleep quality. We assigned men and women aged 20 to 64 years to Euglena and placebo intake groups, and measured indices related to the autonomic nervous system, psychological states, and sleep quality together with the application of workload stress before food intake, and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after commencing intake. Euglena intake regulated the autonomic nervous system under a workload and improved psychological parameters and sleep conditions. These results indicate that the consumption of Euglena may regulate the balance of the autonomic nervous system during stress and may have a favorable effect on psychological status and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Nakashima
- Euglena Co. Ltd., Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (K.Y.); (A.M.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5442-4907
| | - Kosuke Yasuda
- Euglena Co. Ltd., Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (K.Y.); (A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Ako Murata
- Euglena Co. Ltd., Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (K.Y.); (A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Euglena Co. Ltd., Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (K.Y.); (A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Naoki Miura
- Miura Clinic, Medical Corporation Kanonkai, Osaka 530-0044, Japan;
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