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Ballesteros-Torres JM, Escalante-Aburto A, Villarreal-Arce ME, Caballero-Prado CJ. Exploring the Impact of Protein Supplement Source on Body Composition in Women Practicing Anaerobic Resistance Exercise: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:321. [PMID: 38276559 PMCID: PMC10820452 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Supplements based on protein hydrolysates have been used as an effective source to access amino acids with greater bioavailability, promoting absorption to improve body composition. Five groups of young women were randomly selected. They followed a personalized eating plan that included different protein supplements (meat, vegan, branched-chain amino acids [BCAAs], whey, and control group), combined with an exercise plan, for eight weeks, aiming to assess their consumption effects combined with resistance exercise on body composition. Bioelectrical impedance before and after the treatment was conducted. The results showed that the supplementation with BCAAs presented a significant decrease (p < 0.05) on the BMI in this group (initial BMI = 19.7 kg/m2; final BMI = 19.4 kg/m2). When comparing the final measures among the groups, the BCAAs and vegan supplements caused a significant decrease in body weight (50.24 kg and 51.34 kg, respectively). The BMI of the group supplemented with meat proteins was statistically higher (22.06 kg/m2) than that the group supplemented with BCAAs (19.4 kg/m2) (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the type of protein consumed to produce muscle mass in the participants after eight weeks of study under a controlled diet and anaerobic resistance exercise. Participants exhibited energy deficiencies, but their macronutrient distribution appeared normal. Following an 8-week intervention, meat and BCAAs reduced weight and BMI, although no statistical differences were observed. It is recommended to extend the treatment for a more comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Ballesteros-Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Ave. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Mexico;
| | - Anayansi Escalante-Aburto
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Departamento de Nutrición, Universidad de Monterrey (UDEM), Escuela de Ciencias Aliadas a la Salud, Ave. Ignacio Morones Prieto, 4500 Pte., San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico;
| | - María Elena Villarreal-Arce
- Departamento de Nutrición, Universidad de Monterrey (UDEM), Escuela de Ciencias Aliadas a la Salud, Ave. Ignacio Morones Prieto, 4500 Pte., San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico;
| | - Cindy Joanna Caballero-Prado
- Departamento de Nutrición, Universidad de Monterrey (UDEM), Escuela de Ciencias Aliadas a la Salud, Ave. Ignacio Morones Prieto, 4500 Pte., San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico;
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Loureiro LL, Ferreira TJ, Cahuê FLC, Bittencourt VZ, Valente AP, Pierucci APTR. Comparison of the effects of pea protein and whey protein on the metabolic profile of soccer athletes: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1210215. [PMID: 37810915 PMCID: PMC10556705 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1210215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pea protein (PP) concentrate is a plant-based alternative to animal protein sources, such as whey protein (WP). In addition to its valuable amino acid composition, PP has a low environmental impact, making it a sustainable, nutritious, and viable alternative for enhanced sports performance, such as in soccer. PP Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of PP and WP supplementation on biochemical and metabolic parameters in soccer players. Methods Twelve male under-20 soccer players were included in this double-blind, randomized crossover intervention study. For 10 consecutive days, each participant received either 0.5 g/kg of the PP or WP supplementation after training, starting 7 days before the test game, and continuing until 2 days after. After a 4-day washout period, the athletes switched groups and the intervention was restarted. Blood samples were collected before and after the game, as well as 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h intervals thereafter. Creatine kinase (CK), aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate (LA), urea, creatinine, and uric acid were analyzed using commercial kits. Exploratory metabolic profiling of the serum samples was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results A comparison of biochemical markers showed that the PP group had lower CK in the post-game moment, 24 h, and 48 h. Lower LA in the post-game moment, and lower ALT in the post-game moment and at 24 h. Of the 48 metabolites analyzed, 22 showed significant differences between the time points, such as amino acids, ketone bodies, and glucose metabolism. Glutamate and lactate levels significantly increased between the pre- and post-game moments in the WP group. After the game, the WP group exhibited reduced levels of metabolites such as arginine and taurine, whereas no such change was observed in the PP group. There was no difference in metabolites 72 h after the game. Conclusions Despite the slight advantage of the PP group in specific biochemical markers, these differences are not sufficient to justify the choice of a particular type of protein. However, the results highlight the viability of plant protein as a potential alternative to animal protein without compromising athletic performance or recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Lannes Loureiro
- DAFEE Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tathiany Jéssica Ferreira
- DAFEE Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luiz Candido Cahuê
- DAFEE Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Zaban Bittencourt
- DAFEE Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Valente
- CNRMN, Structural Biology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Hsu TH, Hong HT, Lee GC, Hung SW, Chiu CC, Wu CP. Supplementation with goat meat extract improves exercise performance, reduces physiological fatigue, and modulates gut microbiota in mice. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Tai HJ, Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Kuo CY, Huang CC, Wang MF. Sea Bass Essence from Lates calcarifer Improves Exercise Performance and Anti-Fatigue in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060531. [PMID: 35736463 PMCID: PMC9227615 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea bass (Lates calcarifer) is rich in protein, amino acids, and long-chain omega 3 (omega-3), which have many health benefits. In East Asian food culture, soup is often eaten as a nutritional supplement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of Hi-Q sea bass essence (SBE) supplementation for improved exercise performance and anti-fatigue. Fifty male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided to five groups (10 mice/group) and administered different doses of SBE (EC): (1) vehicle (water); (2) isocaloric (0.94 g casein/kg/mice/day); (3) SBE-1X (1.04 g/kg/mice/day); (4) SBE-2X (2.08 g/kg/mice/day); and (5) SBE-4X (4.16 g/kg/mice/day). We found that SBE supplementation significantly improved more than 1.96-fold endurance exercise performance (p < 0.05) and more than 1.13-fold glycogen storage in the liver and muscles (p < 0.05), and had dose-dependent by SBE dose (p < 0.05). In addition, supplementation with SBE at different doses had significant effects on the fatigue-related biochemical markers, i.e., lactate, ammonia, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were reduced significantly (p < 0.05), and were also dose-dependent. In conclusion, supplementation with SBE for 4 weeks was able to effectively improve exercise performance and had an anti-fatigue effect. In addition, it did not cause any physiological or histopathological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Tai
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Chun-Yen Kuo
- Program in Health and Social Welfare for Indigenous Peoples, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (M.-F.W.); Tel.: +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.); +886-4-042-632-8001 (M.-F.W.)
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (M.-F.W.); Tel.: +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.); +886-4-042-632-8001 (M.-F.W.)
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Liu S, Meng F, Zhang D, Shi D, Zhou J, Guo S, Chang X. Lonicera caerulea Berry Polyphenols Extract Alleviates Exercise Fatigue in Mice by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Skeletal Muscle Cell Apoptosis, and by Increasing Cell Proliferation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:853225. [PMID: 35356725 PMCID: PMC8959458 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.853225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise fatigue can exert deleterious effects on the body. This study evaluated the effects and mechanisms by which Lonicera caerulea berry polyphenols extract (LCBP) improved the treadmill endurance of mice. Comparison was performed between the effects at 25°C and low temperatures (-5°C). Energy storage, product metabolism, and other biochemical indices were determined using vitamin C (VC) as a positive control. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to detect the interaction between different proteins. Dietary supplementation with LCBP significantly prolonged the exhaustion time during treadmill exercise by 20.4% (25 °C) and 27.4% (-5 °C). LCBP significantly regulated the expression of antioxidant and inflammatory proteins, Bcl-2 /Bax apoptosis proteins, and the PKCα -NOx2 / Nox4 pathway proteins, and activated the expression of AMPK-PGC1α -NRF1-TFAM proteins in skeletal muscle mitochondria. The gene and protein expression of miRNA-133a/IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR in skeletal muscle cells was also activated. Molecular docking confirmed that the main components of LCBP such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, catechin, and chlorogenic acid, have strong binding affinity toward AMPKα. LCBP alleviates exercise fatigue in mice by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells, enhances mitochondrial biosynthesis and cell proliferation, reduces fatigue, and enhances performance. These effects are also significant in a low-temperature environment (Graphical Abstract). Consequently, these results provide novel insights into the anti- fatigue roles of LCBP in exercise fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China.,Hebei Yanshan Special Industrial Technology Research Institute, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Fanna Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Donglin Shi
- Department of Physical Education, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Research Center of Sports Science, Hebei Institute of Sports Science, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuo Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xuedong Chang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China.,Hebei Yanshan Special Industrial Technology Research Institute, Qinhuangdao, China
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Different Parts of the Chicken Embryo Egg Improve D-Galactose-Induced Aging in a Mice Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6654683. [PMID: 33997037 PMCID: PMC8099523 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6654683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Chick (CE) or duck embryo eggs are known for nutritional supplement foods in traditional East countries for physical fitness enhancement and postpartum conditioning for many years. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different parts of the 10-day CE (embryo: CEr, yolk: CEw, and chorioallantoic membrane: CEp) on the antifatigue and antiaging activities in a D-galactose- (D-gal) induced aging mice model. The results showed CEp obviously increased the muscle weight and the liver and muscle glycogen content and enhanced exercise performance. In the antiaging assay, CEp significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). Moreover, the immunohistochemistry results of NRF-2 and HO-1 were also detected in the livers of mice in the D-gal/CEp group. The only partially potential such as CEr might improve OFT function with TG level, and CEw had strange grip strength. Therefore, we suggest that CEp has a potent antifatigue ability and could minimize the occurrence of age-associated disorders, more than other parts of the 10 days chicken embryo egg.
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Zhang L, Fu M, Chen J, Fan B, Cao L, Sun Y, Li L, Li S, Lu C, Wang F. Supplementation with embryo chicken egg extract improves exercise performance and exerts anti-fatigue effects via AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1411-1418. [PMID: 32835411 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryo chicken egg is a nutritional supplement that has been used to enhance physical fitness and promote wound healing according to traditional Chinese medicine for many years. In this study, we evaluated the effects of embryo chicken egg extract (ECE) on the exercise performance and fatigue in mice and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The results indicated that ECE can prolong the exhaustive swimming time, decrease lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase, and malondialdehyde levels, and increase superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glycogen levels. Additionally, ECE can also regulate the balance of oxidative stress via the adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results showed that ECE can improve exercise performance and reduce physical fatigue in mice, which indicates that ECE can be used as a potential supplement to reduce physical fatigue. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jilan Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hsu TH, Hung SW, Wu CY, Chiu CC, Hong HT, Lee GC, Chen CC, Lin JS, Wu CP. Supplementation of beef extract improves chemotherapy-induced fatigue and toxic effects in mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Ouyang J, Hou Q, Wang M, Zhao W, Feng D, Pi Y, Sun X. Effects of dietary mulberry leaf powder on growth performance, blood metabolites, meat quality, and antioxidant enzyme-related gene expression of fattening Hu lambs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the mulberry [Morus alba var. multicaulis (Perrott.) Loud.] leaf powder (MLP) supplementation in dietary concentrates on growth performance, blood metabolites, meat quality, and antioxidant enzyme (AOE) gene expression in fattening Hu lambs. Forty approximately 3-mo-old Hu lambs (16.5 ± 0.6 kg) were randomly allocated to five groups and fed with concentrates containing 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, or 60% MLP (control, T15, T30, T45, and T60, respectively). The results showed that 15%–30% MLP supplementation maintained growth and carcass performance, and the weight of total stomach, especially of rumen in T15 and T30, were higher than those of the control. Dietary MLP supplementation decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, but increased the high-density lipoprotein levels. Moreover, MLP supplementation improved the longissimus lumborum muscle color (redness), tenderness, and water-holding capacity. It was further observed that 15% MLP supplementation enhanced all AOE mRNA levels apart from that of EPHX1. In summary, dietary MLP supplementation could partially improve the blood metabolites, meat quality, and AOE mRNA levels in the liver of fattening Hu lamb, and the level of 15% supplementation was the most promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qirui Hou
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Pi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- The Centre for Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, People’s Republic of China
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Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Function in Aging: A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071633. [PMID: 31319564 PMCID: PMC6683074 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota is able to influence the host physiology by regulating multiple processes, including nutrient absorption, inflammation, oxidative stress, immune function, and anabolic balance. Aging is associated with reduced microbiota biodiversity, increased inter-individual variability, and over-representation of pathobionts, and these phenomena may have great relevance for skeletal muscle mass and function. For this reason, the presence of a gut-muscle axis regulating the onset and progression of age-related physical frailty and sarcopenia has been recently hypothesized. In this narrative review, we summarize the studies supporting a possible association between gut microbiota-related parameters with measures of muscle mass, muscle function, and physical performance in animal models and humans. Reduced muscle mass has been associated with distinct microbiota composition and reduced fermentative capacity in mice, and the administration of probiotics or butyrate to mouse models of muscle wasting has been associated with improved muscle mass. However, no studies have targeted the human microbiome associated with sarcopenia. Limited evidence from human studies shows an association between microbiota composition, involving key taxa such as Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium, and grip strength. Similarly, few studies conducted on patients with parkinsonism showed a trend towards a different microbiota composition in those with reduced gait speed. No studies have assessed the association of fecal microbiota with other measures of physical performance. However, several studies, mainly with a cross-sectional design, suggest an association between microbiota composition and frailty, mostly assessed according to the deficit accumulation model. Namely, frailty was associated with reduced microbiota biodiversity, and lower representation of butyrate-producing bacteria. Therefore, we conclude that the causal link between microbiota and physical fitness is still uncertain due to the lack of targeted studies and the influence of a large number of covariates, including diet, exercise, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy, on both microbiota composition and physical function in older age. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and physical function remains a very promising area of research for the future.
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Anti-Fatigue Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Sonchus arvensis L. in Exercise Trained Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061168. [PMID: 30934545 PMCID: PMC6470720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonchus arvensis L. is a nutritious vegetable and herbal medicine that is consumed worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects and underlying effects of aqueous extract of Sonchus arvensis L. (SA). Male C57BL/6 mice from four groups designated vehicle, exercise, exercise with low dose (250 mg/kg) or high dose of SA (500 mg/kg), were trained by swimming exercise and orally administrated with SA every other day for 28 days. The anti-fatigue activity was determined by exhaustive swimming test, as well as the muscle structure, levels of blood hemoglobin, and metabolites including lactate and urea nitrogen. SA alleviated mice fatigue behaviors by eliminating metabolites, while improving muscle structure and hemoglobin levels. Moreover, SA enhanced glycogen synthesis of liver but not muscle via increasing GCK and PEPCK gene expressions. Importantly, SA improved antioxidant enzymes expression and activities in both liver and muscle, which was possibly related to its primary components polysaccharides and the antioxidant components including chlorogenic acid, luteolin, and chicoric acid. Taken together, the anti-fatigue effects of SA could be partly explained by its antioxidant activity and mediating effects on glycogen synthesis and metabolites elimination. Therefore, SA could be a potential nutraceutical for improving exercise performance and alleviating physical fatigue.
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