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Liu Y, Shi Y, Zou J, Zhang X, Zhai B, Guo D, Sun J, Luan F. Extraction, purification, structural features, biological activities, modifications, and applications from Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129193. [PMID: 38191106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz), as a famous medicinal and edible plant, has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, diuresis, and resolving masses. Phytochemistry investigations revealed that T. mongolicum has various bioactive ingredients, mainly including flavonoids, sterols, polysaccharides, phenolic acids and volatile oils. There is growing evidence have shown that the polysaccharides from T. mongolicum (TMPs) are a class of representative pharmacologically bioactive macromolecules with a variety of biological activities both in vitro and in vivo, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic, anti-bacterial, regulation of intestinal microbial, and anti-fatigue activities, etc. Additionally, the structural modification and potential applications of TMPs were also outlined. The present review aims to comprehensively and systematically collate the recent research progress on extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, biological activities, mechanism of action, structural modification, and potential industry applications of TMPs to support their therapeutic potential and health care functions. Overall, the present review provides a theoretical overview for further development and utilization of TMPs in the fields of pharmaceutical and health food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Seo Y, Shin N, Nam HH, Song J, Cheol Moon B, Choi G, Shin I, Kim J. Effects of larval extracts from identified Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis against benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by testosterone in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5361-5369. [PMID: 34646508 PMCID: PMC8498080 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis is an animal-based medicine used traditionally in China, Japan, and Korea to treat hepatic disorders; it has been shown to possess various pharmacological effects such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of P. brevitarsis on a testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) rat model. To establish the BPH model, the animals were administered a subcutaneous injection of testosterone daily for 28 days. P. brevitarsis was administered by oral gavage at doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 28 days, along with testosterone injection. P. brevitarsis treatment markedly decreased the absolute and relative prostate weight of BPH animals. The levels of dihydrotestosterone was reduced in P. brevitarsis-treated animals compared to those in the BPH animals. Histological analysis of the prostate showed that P. brevitarsis treatment effectively suppressed the testosterone-induced hyperplasia of prostatic epithelial cells, which was accompanied by reductions in the PCNA and Ki-67 expressions in prostatic tissues. These results indicate that P. brevitarsis effectively suppresses testosterone-induced development of BPH, and thus, is a potential therapeutic agent for BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Soo Seo
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research CenterKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineNaju‐siKorea
| | - Na‐Rea Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project TeamChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Hyeon Hwa Nam
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research CenterKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineNaju‐siKorea
| | - Jun‐Ho Song
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research CenterKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineNaju‐siKorea
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research CenterKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineNaju‐siKorea
| | - Goya Choi
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research CenterKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineNaju‐siKorea
| | - In‐Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project TeamChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Joong‐Sun Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research CenterKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineNaju‐siKorea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project TeamChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
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Lim S, Kim HK, Lee W, Kim S. Botanical preparation HX109 inhibits macrophage-mediated activation of prostate epithelial cells through the CCL4-STAT3 pathway: implication for the mechanism underlying HX109 suppression of prostate hyperplasia. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04267. [PMID: 32613128 PMCID: PMC7322056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most frequently observed diseases in the elderly male population worldwide. A variety of factors such as aging, hormonal imbalance, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress play an important role in its pathogenesis. We have previously shown that HX109, an ethanol extract prepared from 3 plants (Taraxacum officinale, Cuscuta australis, and Nelumbo nucifera), alleviates prostate hyperplasia in the BPH rat model and suppresses AR signaling by upregulating Ca2+/CAMKKβ and ATF3. In this study, we used macrophage cell lines to examine the effects of HX109 on inflammation, which is considered an important causative factor in BPH pathogenesis. In the co-culture system involving macrophage-prostate epithelial cells, HX109 inhibited macrophage-induced cell proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting the expression of CCL4 and the phosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, HX109 inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB in a concentration dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggested that HX109 could regulate macrophage activation and its crosstalk with prostate cells, thereby inhibiting BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonung Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Keun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonwoo Lee
- Helixmith Co. Ltd., 21, Magokjungang 8-ro 7-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07794, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Helixmith Co. Ltd., 21, Magokjungang 8-ro 7-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07794, Republic of Korea
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