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Macho-González A, Apaza Ticona L, Redondo-Castillejo R, Hernández-Martín M, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Hernáiz MJ, Bastida S, Benedí J, Bocanegra A, López-Oliva ME, Mateos-Vega C, Garcimartín A. The preventive and therapeutic consumption of meat enriched with carob fruit extract, rich in phenolic compounds, improves colonic antioxidant status in late-stage T2DM rats. Food Chem 2024; 450:139339. [PMID: 38657343 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is prevalent in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and has been associated with high meat consumption. Carob Fruit Extract (CFE) contains phenolic compounds, making it a suitable functional ingredient. Current study aims to evaluate the effect of CFE-enriched meat (CFE-meat) consumption on the antioxidant status of proximal and distal colon, and its relationship with fecal phenolic compounds in late-stage T2DM rats. Three groups of eight rats were studied: 1) D, fed control-meat; 2) ED, fed CFE-meat since the beginning of the study; 3) DE, fed CFE-meat after confirming T2DM. CFE-meat consumption reduces colonic oxidative stress mainly in the proximal section and helps to ameliorate glutathione metabolism and antioxidant score. Difference between ED and DE groups were associated with colon homeostasis and T2DM progression suggesting greater fermentation but lower absorption in the DE group. CFE appears as a promising tool to improve the antioxidant status observed in late-stage T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Spain.
| | - Luis Apaza Ticona
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Spain.
| | - Marina Hernández-Martín
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Spain.
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Spain.
| | - María José Hernáiz
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Spain.
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Spain.
| | - Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Spain.
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Spain.
| | - Carmen Mateos-Vega
- Biomedicine Sciences Department, Pharmacy School, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Spain.
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Hernández-Martín M, Bocanegra A, Garcimartín A, Issa JÁ, Redondo-Castillejo R, Macho-González A, Benedí J, Sánchez Muniz FJ, López-Oliva ME. Analysis of immunohistomorphological changes in the colonic mucosa in a high-saturated fat and high-cholesterol fed streptozotocin/nicotinamide diabetic rat model. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 185:165-195. [PMID: 38556447 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The mucosal surface of gastrointestinal tract is lined with epithelial cells that establish an effective barrier between the lumen and internal environment through intercellular junctions, preventing the passage of potentially harmful substances. The "intestinal barrier function" consist of a defensive system that prevent the passage of antigens, toxins, and microbial products, while maintains the correct development of the epithelial barrier, the immune system and the acquisition of tolerance toward dietary antigens and intestinal microbiota. Intestinal morphology changes subsequent to nutritional variations, stress, aging or diseases, which can also affect the composition of the microbiota, altering the homeostasis of the intestine. A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations in intestinal barrier function favor the development of exaggerated immune responses, leading to metabolic endotoxemia, which seems to be the origin of many chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the mechanisms are still unknown, the interaction between dietary patterns, gut microbiota, intestinal mucosa, and metabolic inflammation seems to be a key factor for the development of T2DM, among other diseases. This chapter details the different techniques that allow evaluating the morphological and molecular alterations that lead of the intestinal barrier dysfunction in a T2DM experimental model. To induce both diabetic metabolic disturbances and gut barrier disruption, Wistar rats were fed a high-saturated fat and high-cholesterol diet and received a single dose of streptozotocin/nicotinamide. This animal model may contribute to clarify the understanding of the role of intestinal barrier dysfunction on the late-stage T2DM etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hernández-Martín
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jousef Ángel Issa
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sánchez Muniz
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
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Hernández-Martín M, Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, López-Oliva ME, Bocanegra A, Redondo-Castillejo R, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Silicon-enriched meat positively improves plasma lipidaemia and lipoproteinaemia, LDLr, and insulin capability and the signalling pathway induced by an atherogenic diet in late-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Food Funct 2024; 15:1513-1526. [PMID: 38229530 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The impact of silicon as a functional ingredient in restructured meat (RM) on lipoprotein composition, metabolism, and oxidation on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) markers has never been studied. This study aims to evaluate the effect of silicon-enriched-meat consumption on lipidaemia, lipoprotein profile and metabolism, plasma arylesterase, and TBARS and their relationships with glycaemia, insulinaemia, and insulin-signaling markers in late-stage-T2DM rats fed a high-saturated-fat-high-cholesterol (HSFHC) diet. Saturated-fat diets with or without added cholesterol were formulated by mixing a 70% purified diet with 30% freeze-dried RM with or without added silicon. Three groups of seven Wistar rats each were tested. The ED group received the control RM in the framework of a high-saturated-fat diet as early-stage T2DM control. The other two groups received streptozotocin-nicotinamide administration together with the HSFHC diet containing the control RM (LD) or silicon-enriched RM (LD-Si). Scores were created to define the diabetic trend and dyslipidaemia. The ED rats showed hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and triglyceride-rich-VLDLs, suggesting they were in early-stage T2DM. LD rats presented hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinaemia, and reduced HOMA-beta and insulin signaling markers typical of late-stage T2DM along with hypercholesterolaemia and high amounts of beta-VLDL, IDL, and LDL particles and low arylesterase activity. All these markers were significantly (p < 0.05) improved in LD-Si rats. The diabetic trend and diabetes dyslipidaemia scores showed a high and significant correlation (r = 0.595, p < 0.01). Silicon-enriched-meat consumption counterbalances the negative effects of HSFHC diets, functioning as an active hypolipemic, antioxidant, and antidiabetic dietary ingredient in a T2DM rat model, delaying the onset of late-stage diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hernández-Martín
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Preciado-Saldaña AM, López-Díaz JA, Domínguez-Avila JA, Ayala-Zavala JF, Astiazaran-García HF, González-Aguilar GA, Wall-Medrano A. Revisiting the high-fat diet/low streptozotocin prediabetic rat model: A bioanalytical adjustment. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 120:107252. [PMID: 36716799 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is the main feature of prediabetes (PD), which ultimately leads to diabetes. High-dose streptozotocin-treated rodents often show irreversible β-cell mass loss and function, leaving the premorbid diabetic state (PD/IR) unnoticed. This study aimed to re-evaluate the synergistic/independent effect of a sub-chronic consumption (1-5 weeks) of a high-fat diet (60% gross energy from fat, 3.8 kcal.g-1) with [PD/IR-2 (week 2) to PD/IR-5 week five)] or without [HFD-5 (week five)] a single intraperitoneal dose (35 mg.kg-1) of streptozotocin in Wistar rats. Bioassay performance and clinical/histological features suggesting PD/IR or diabetes, were documented weekly and compared to standard chow-fed (3.5 kcal.g-1) rats (healthy controls, HC). PD/IR1-5 (fed with HFD for 1 to 5 weeks plus a single dose of streptozotocin) and HFD-5 (just fed with HFD for 5 weeks) groups reduced their food intake yet gained more body weight than HC. Groups exhibited hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance in decreasing order as follows: PD/IR-5, PD/IR-4, HFD-5, PD/IR-2-3, and HC. Histological disturbances in the pancreas, Soleus muscle, and liver were mostly observed in HFD-5 and PD/IR4-5 groups. HFD administration for 4 weeks white a single moderate dose of streptozotocin four days before sacrifice, leads to a convenient PD/IR rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M Preciado-Saldaña
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46 Colonia La Victoria, Hermosillo (83304), Sonora, México.
| | - José A López-Díaz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo S/N, Ciudad Juárez (32315), Chihuahua, México.
| | - J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- CONACYT. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46 Colonia La Victoria, Hermosillo (83304), Sonora, México.
| | - J Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46 Colonia La Victoria, Hermosillo (83304), Sonora, México.
| | - Humberto F Astiazaran-García
- Coordinación de Nutrición. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46 Colonia La Victoria, Hermosillo (83304), Sonora, México.
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46 Colonia La Victoria, Hermosillo (83304), Sonora, México.
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo S/N, Ciudad Juárez (32315), Chihuahua, México.
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de la Fuente-Fernández M, de la Fuente-Muñoz M, Román-Carmena M, Amor S, García-Redondo AB, Blanco-Rivero J, González-Hedström D, Espinel AE, García-Villalón ÁL, Granado M. Carob Extract Supplementation Together with Caloric Restriction and Aerobic Training Accelerates the Recovery of Cardiometabolic Health in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091803. [PMID: 36139877 PMCID: PMC9495762 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carob, the fruit of Ceratonia siliqua L. exerts antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects and could be a useful strategy for the treatment and/or prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to analyze whether supplementation with a carob fruit extract (CSAT+®), alone or in combination with aerobic training, accelerates the recovery of cardiometabolic health in mice with MetS subjected to a caloric restriction. For this purpose, mice were fed with a high fat (58% kcal from fat)/high sugar diet for 23 weeks to induce MetS. During the next two weeks, mice with MetS were switched to a diet with a lower caloric content (25% kcal from fat) supplemented or not with CSAT+® (4.8%) and/or subjected to aerobic training. Both caloric reduction and aerobic training improved the lipid profile and attenuated MetS-induced insulin resistance measured as HOMA-IR. However, only supplementation with CSAT+® enhanced body weight loss, increased the circulating levels of adiponectin, and lowered the plasma levels of IL-6. Moreover, CSAT+® supplementation was the only effective strategy to reduce the weight of epidydimal adipose tissue and to improve insulin sensitivity in the liver and in skeletal muscle. Although all interventions improved endothelial function in aorta segments, only supplementation with CSAT+® reduced obesity-induced hypertension, prevented endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric arteries, and decreased the vascular response of aorta segments to the vasoconstrictor AngII. The beneficial cardiometabolic effects of CSAT+® supplementation, alone or in combination with aerobic training, were associated with decreased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as MCP-1, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 and with increased gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as GSR, GPX-3, and SOD-1 in the liver, gastrocnemius, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, and aorta. In conclusion, supplementation with CSAT+®, alone or in combination with aerobic training, to mice with MetS subjected to caloric restriction for two weeks enhances body weight loss, improves the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, and exerts antihypertensive effects through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario de la Fuente-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Román-Carmena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén García-Redondo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Hedström
- R&D Department, Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., Parque Científico de Madrid, Calle Faraday 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto E. Espinel
- R&D Department, Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., Parque Científico de Madrid, Calle Faraday 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Carob: A Sustainable Opportunity for Metabolic Health. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142154. [PMID: 35885396 PMCID: PMC9325207 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an evergreen tree that belongs to the Leguminosae family and grows in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean basin. The carob tree is resistant to droughts and salinity, while its deep root systems allow CO2 to sink, mitigating global warming effects. Traditionally, carob has been used to produce animal feed, but for many years, it was excluded from the human diet. Nowadays, agricultural and industrial sectors exploit carob fruit, also referred to as carob pod, and its primary products (i.e., flour, powder and syrup) to develop a variety of foods and beverages. The nutritional composition varies depending on the carob part but also on genetic, cultivar, seasonal and environmental factors. Despite the high sugar content, the carob pod is rich in insoluble fiber and microconstituents including phenolic compounds, inositols (mainly d-pinitol) and vitamins. In the present review article, we aimed to (a) highlight the role of carob cultivation in addressing climate change challenges and the need for sustainability, and (b) summarize the effects of carob consumption on obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Nemet M, Vasilić M, Tomas A. Lipid-Lowering Effects of Carob Extracts (Ceratonia siliqua): Proposed Mechanisms and Clinical Importance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921123. [PMID: 35847051 PMCID: PMC9277349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of dyslipidemia (elevated plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, triglycerides, and lower plasma levels of HDL-Cholesterol) is constantly on the rise. Lately, carob pulp has been recognized as an effective natural product for the treatment of dyslipidemia. The two main components of the carob pulp, polyphenols, and insoluble fiber are believed to have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. Studies on humans and animals confirmed its lipid-lowering effects. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, namely by affecting three organ systems: 1) gastrointestinal tract, 2) liver and 3) adipose tissue. Also, carob products have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and vascular-protective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Nemet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Marko Nemet,
| | - Milica Vasilić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Tomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Mango "Ataulfo" Peel Extract Improves Metabolic Dysregulation in Prediabetic Wistar Rats. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040532. [PMID: 35455025 PMCID: PMC9027361 DOI: 10.3390/life12040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoglycemic effect of functional phytochemicals has been evaluated in diabetic rodents but scarcely in its premorbid condition (prediabetes; PD). This study aimed to evaluate a mango (cv. Ataulfo) peel hydroethanolic (20:80) extract (MPE) for in vivo glycemic/lipidemic-normalizing effect and in vitro enzyme inhibitory (α-amylase/α-glucosidase) activity. The polyphenolic MPE (138 mg EAG.g−1, mainly gallic acid and mangiferin) with antioxidant capacity (DPPH• 34 mgTE.g−1) was fed to PD rats (induction: high-fat diet (60% energy) + single dose streptozotocin (35 mg·kg−1), 4 weeks). At the 8th week, fasting glycemia (FG), oral glucose tolerance test, and insulin sensitivity indexes (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β) > blood lipid-normalizing effect were documented as healthy controls > MPE > disease (PD) controls, which was possibly related to the extract’s concentration−response in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 ≈ 0.085 mg·mL−1). MPE is a rich source of glucose-lowering phytochemicals for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Kebede WM, Gizachew KD, Mulu GB. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dyslipidemia among Type 2 Diabetes Patients at a Referral Hospital, North Eastern Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:1267-1276. [PMID: 35392337 PMCID: PMC8968374 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i6.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of diabetes and its associated complications rising in Ethiopia ranged from 2.0%-6.5%, the primary cause of morbidity and mortality with consequential economic impact. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among diabetes follow-up patients. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital from January to March 2020 in 347 Adult type 2 diabetes follow-up patients using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected by interviews and entered using Epi-data 4.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Factors having a p-value < 0.25 in the bi-variable logistic regression model were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical Significance was declared at a p-value ≤ of 0.05. Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia among type 2 diabetes patients in this study was 59 %. Significantly associated variables were being female [AOR 2.6 (95% CI 1.2-3.2), P = 0.011], smoking history [AOR 4.1 (95% CI 2-6.8), P = 0.001], Being overweight [AOR 3.5 (95% CI 1.6-7.8), P = 0.002], Being obese [AOR 4.8 (95% CI 1.7-13), P = 0.002]. Conclusion Prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among diabetic patients, which accounts for 59%. Being female, smoking history, being overweight, and being obese were determinants of dyslipidemia. Patients with poor glycemic control need additional lipid-lowering therapies to prevent secondary Atherosclerotic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worku Misganaw Kebede
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Kefyalew Dagne Gizachew
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Getaneh Baye Mulu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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11
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Macho-González A, Bastida S, Garcimartín A, López-Oliva ME, González P, Benedí J, González-Muñoz MJ, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Functional Meat Products as Oxidative Stress Modulators: A Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1514-1539. [PMID: 33578416 PMCID: PMC8321872 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High meat consumption has been associated with increased oxidative stress mainly due to the generation of oxidized compounds in the body, such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-nonenal, oxysterols, or protein carbonyls, which can induce oxidative damage. Meat products are excellent matrices for introducing different bioactive compounds, to obtain functional meat products aimed at minimizing the pro-oxidant effects associated with high meat consumption. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the concept and preparation of healthy and functional meat, which could benefit antioxidant status. Likewise, the key strategies regarding meat production and storage as well as ingredients used (e.g., minerals, polyphenols, fatty acids, walnuts) for developing these functional meats are detailed. Although most effort has been made to reduce the oxidation status of meat, newly emerging approaches also aim to improve the oxidation status of consumers of meat products. Thus, we will delve into the relation between functional meats and their health effects on consumers. In this review, animal trials and intervention studies are discussed, ascertaining the extent of functional meat products' properties (e.g., neutralizing reactive oxygen species formation and increasing the antioxidant response). The effects of functional meat products in the frame of diet-gene interactions are analyzed to 1) discover target subjects that would benefit from their consumption, and 2) understand the molecular mechanisms that ensure precision in the prevention and treatment of diseases, where high oxidative stress takes place. Long-term intervention-controlled studies, testing different types and amounts of functional meat, are also necessary to ascertain their positive impact on degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar González
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José González-Muñoz
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Toxicology Teaching Unit, Pharmacy School, Alcala University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, Redondo N, Cofrades S, Bastida S, Nova E, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Marcos A, Elvira López-Oliva M. Carob fruit extract-enriched meat, as preventive and curative treatments, improves gut microbiota and colonic barrier integrity in a late-stage T2DM model. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110124. [PMID: 33641991 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that dietary fiber and proanthocyanidins play an important role on gut microbiota (GM), colonic integrity and body health. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent disease in which the modifications in the GM and colonic markers stand out. This manuscript hypothesizes the consumption of functional meat enriched in carob fruit extract [CFE; CFE-restructured meat (RM)] ameliorates the dysbiosis and colonic barrier integrity loss in a late-stage T2DM rat model induced by the conjoint action of a high-saturated-fat/high-cholesterol diet (Chol-diet) and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) plus a nicotinamide (NAD) injection. Three groups of eight rats were used: (1) D group, a T2DM control group, fed the Chol-diet; (2) ED group, a T2DM preventive strategy group fed the CFE-Chol-diet since the beginning of the study; and (3) DE group, a T2DM curative treatment group, fed the CFE-Chol-diet once the diabetic state was confirmed. The study lasted 8 weeks. Amount and variety of GM, feces short-chain-fatty acids (SCFAs), colonic morphology [crypt depth and density, goblet cells, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) indexes] and tight junctions were evaluated. A global colonic index combining 17 markers (GCindex) was calculated. ED rats displayed higher levels of GM richness, SCFAs production, crypt depth, and goblet cells than the D group. DE group showed lower Enterobacteriaceae abundance and greater TUNEL index and occludin expression in the distal colon than D counterpart. GCindex differentiated the colonic health status of the experimental groups in the order (ED > DE > D; P < 0.001) as a 17-51 range-quotation, ED, DE, and D groups displayed the values 43, 32.5, and 27, respectively. Thus, CFE-RM used as a T2DM preventive therapy could induce higher GM richness, more adequate SCFAs production, and better colonic barrier integrity. Furthermore, CFE-RM used with curative purposes induced more modest changes and mainly at the distal colonic mucosa. Further studies are needed to confirm this study's results, to ascertain the benefits of consuming proanthocyanidins-rich fiber during different T2DM stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Redondo
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spain
| | - Susana Cofrades
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Nova
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spain
| | - M Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Macho-González A, López-Oliva ME, Merino JJ, García-Fernández RA, Garcimartín A, Redondo-Castillejo R, Bastida S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Benedí J. Carob fruit extract-enriched meat improves pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, hepatic insulin signaling and lipogenesis in late-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus model. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 84:108461. [PMID: 32739787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of functional bioactive compounds of dietary fiber in meat products has been demonstrated to exert a significant impact on human health. Carob fruit extract (CFE) is a dietary fiber rich in proanthocyanidins with known antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects. Consumption of CFE-enriched meat (CFE-RM) may provide interesting benefits in late-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To explore the antidiabetic mechanisms of CFE-RM, we used a model of late-stage T2DM in Wistar rats fed a high-saturated-fat/high-cholesterol diet (Chol-diet) and injected streptozotocin plus nicotinamide (D group). The effects of CFE-RM were tested by incorporating it into the diet as preventive strategy (ED group) or curative treatment (DE group). CFE-RM had a positive effect on glycemia, enhancing hepatic insulin sensitivity and improving pancreatic β-cell regeneration in both ED and DE groups. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry suggested that CFE-RM increased levels of insulin receptor β and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, as well as the downstream target phospho-Akt (at Ser473). CFE-RM also up-regulated glucose transporter 2, which improves the insulin-mediated glucose uptake by the liver, and promoted phosphorylation of glycogen synthesis kinase-3βprotein (at ser9), consequently increasing the hepatic glycogen content. In addition, CFE-RM decreased fatty liver by suppressing de novo lipogenesis activation due to down-regulation of liver X receptor-α/β, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and carbohydrate-response element-binding protein transcription factors. Our findings suggest that the consumption of CFE-RM included in the diet as a functional food should be considered as a suitable nutritional strategy to prevent or manage late-stage T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Macho-González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - M Elvira López-Oliva
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - José J Merino
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - Rosa A García-Fernández
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España.
| | - Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - Sara Bastida
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - Juana Benedí
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
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de la Fuente-Fernández M, González-Hedström D, Amor S, Tejera-Muñoz A, Fernández N, Monge L, Almodóvar P, Andrés-Delgado L, Santamaría L, Prodanov M, Inarejos-García AM, García-Villalón AL, Granado M. Supplementation with a Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) Fruit Extract Attenuates the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040339. [PMID: 32326269 PMCID: PMC7222348 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide which makes necessary the finding of new strategies to treat and/or prevent it. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of a carob fruit extract (CSAT+®) on the cardiometabolic alterations associated with MetS in mice. 16-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed for 26 weeks either with a standard diet (chow) or with a diet rich in fats and sugars (HFHS), supplemented or not with 4.8% of CSAT+®. CSAT+® supplementation reduced blood glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and circulating levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-c), insulin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, CSAT+® prevented MetS-induced insulin resistance, reduced macrophage infiltration and the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, and up-regulated the mRNA levels of antioxidant markers. Supplementation with CSAT+® prevented MetS-induced hypertension and decreased the vascular response of aortic rings to angiotensin II (AngII). Moreover, treatment with CSAT+® attenuated endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular sensitivity to insulin. In the heart, CSAT+® supplementation reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced decrease in cardiac contractility. The beneficial effects at the cardiovascular level were associated with a lower expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant markers in aortic and cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Fuente-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Daniel González-Hedström
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L. Parque Científico de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (A.M.I.-G.)
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Nuria Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Luis Monge
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Paula Almodóvar
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L. Parque Científico de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (A.M.I.-G.)
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, CIAL (CEI, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura Andrés-Delgado
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-D.); (L.S.)
| | - Luis Santamaría
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-D.); (L.S.)
| | - Marin Prodanov
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, CIAL (CEI, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Angel Luis García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
| | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.F.-F.); (D.G.-H.); (S.A.); (A.T.-M.); (N.F.); (L.M.); (A.L.G.-V.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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15
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Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, López-Oliva M, Celada P, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz F. Carob-fruit-extract-enriched meat modulates lipoprotein metabolism and insulin signaling in diabetic rats induced by high-saturated-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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